Present situation of resource development and ecological environment construction

First, the present situation of water resources development and utilization

1. Present situation of surface water development and utilization

Surface water projects include large, medium and small reservoirs and ponds. Qingdao has 3 large reservoirs, 2 1 medium reservoirs, 73 small (I) reservoirs, 397 small (II) reservoirs, 3,762 ponds and 67 sluices, with a total surface storage capacity of 654.38+0.2 billion m3. Among them, the storage capacity of Chanzhi Reservoir is 6.5438+76 million m3, and the average water supply for many years is 39 million m3. The storage capacity of Yin Fu Reservoir is 73.6 million m3, and the average water supply for many years is 265,438+350,000 m3. The storage capacity of Jihongtan Reservoir is 65.438+460 million m3, and the average water supply for many years is 70 million m3. Laoshan Reservoir has a storage capacity of 47.98 million m3 and an average water supply of 23.97 million m3 for many years. Tieshan Reservoir has a storage capacity of 27.39 million cubic meters and an average annual water supply of 3.5 million cubic meters. The storage capacity of Douyazi Reservoir is 34.35 million m3, and the average water supply for many years is 2.77 million m3. The storage capacity of Jilihe Reservoir is 33.6 million m3, and the average water supply for many years is 3.29 million m3.

In 2002, the surface water supply in Qingdao was 516.8 million m3 (including Yellow River Diversion), accounting for 46% of the total water supply, of which the industrial water supply was 65.438+0.65 1.00 billion m3, the agricultural water supply was 65.438+0.694 billion m3, and the commercial vegetable field water supply was 0.65/.

2. Present situation of groundwater development and utilization

The groundwater in Qingdao mainly exists in the pores of Quaternary strata, and the fissure water gushed from rock pores, carbonate karst fissure water, clastic fissure water, massive and layered fissure water can only replenish a small amount of water locally, so the water supply significance is relatively small.

The average exploitable groundwater resources in Qingdao for many years are 634.36 million m3/a, and the natural recharge resources are 505.86 million m3. In 2002, the actual groundwater exploitation was 610.98 million m3, accounting for 54% of the total water supply, including 72.6 million m3 for industrial water supply, 262.86 million m3 for agricultural water supply and 0/0.64 million m3 for commercial vegetable fields. The output of 1989 is the highest in history, reaching 678 million m3, and that of 1999 is the lowest in recent years, reaching 538 million m3. 2002 was a particularly dry year, the actual groundwater exploitation exceeded the natural recharge resources by more than 20%, and the over-exploitation in the whole region was serious: Qingdao City over-exploited 5.88 million m3, with the exploitation degree of 212.6%; Pingdu city has over-exploited 53.26 million m3, and the mining degree is 12 1%. The over-exploitation in Chengyang District is 4.44 million m3, and the mining degree is 123.3%. Huangdao District has over-exploited 840,000 m3, and the mining degree is 1 18%. Other regions and cities have not been overexploited. As far as water sources are concerned, only Zhuanghe water source in Wang Ge is slightly over-exploited, while other water sources are not over-exploited. The exploitation status of Qingdao for many years basically reflects the exploitation level and storage capacity of groundwater in this area. It can be seen that the development and utilization of groundwater resources in Qingdao is relatively high, which is basically a balance between mining and compensation. However, due to the difference between urban and rural layout and water demand, the amount of groundwater exploitation in some areas is too large, forming an over-exploitation funnel. At the same time, the amount of groundwater exploitation in some areas is small, and only a small amount is used for rural residents' domestic water, which causes great waste.

3. Present situation of sewage utilization

Qingdao mainly uses part of industrial wastewater for agricultural irrigation and reclaimed water reuse. After the industrial wastewater enters the sewage river, the sewage river is pumped out from the countryside along the river for sewage irrigation. The reuse of urban sewage mainly includes industrial cooling water, washing water and municipal water. Wang Ge Zhuanghe River Basin in Huangdao District, Chengyang River Basin in Chengyang District and Beijiaolai River Basin in pingdu city have a large amount of sewage utilization, followed by Laoshan District and Baisha River Basin in Chengyang District.

In recent years, the sewage utilization in Qingdao has increased year by year, from 500,000 m3 in197 to 6 million m3 in 200 1 year. In 2002, the sewage utilization in Qingdao was 6.9 million m3, including 6.5438+850 million m3 in Chengyang District, 6.5438+350 million m3 in Huangdao District, 700,000 m3 in Laoshan District and 3 million m3 in pingdu city.

4. Present situation of seawater utilization

Mainly used for some industrial water, such as power generation, chemical industry, textile and other industries. Huangdao District and Licang District use a large amount of seawater, while Chengyang District and Laoshan District only use a small amount. In recent years, the seawater utilization in Qingdao has not changed much, with an average of 1 13.94 million m3/a. If the conversion coefficient of seawater replacing fresh water is 20∶ 1, the seawater replacing fresh water is 69.7 million m3/a. ..

Second, the present situation of mineral resources development

At present, 33 kinds of minerals have been discovered in Qingdao, of which the proven reserves of graphite account for about a quarter of the country, granite ranks first in Shandong Province, and gold, marble, talc, fluorite, diopside and mineral water rank second in the province. In addition, barite, zeolite, bentonite and perlite are among the best in the province. Gold and graphite are mainly distributed in Pingdu and Laixi in the north, granite is mainly distributed in Laoshan, Dazeshan and Zhuxiaoshan, and building sand is mainly distributed in river valleys.

The total area of land destroyed by mineral development over the years in Qingdao is 756hm2, accounting for 4 1.3% of the total land occupied by mineral development over the years. The land destroyed by mineral development over the years is mainly concentrated in Laixi, Jiaozhou and Pingdu, which are 363hm2, 293hm2 and 66hm2 respectively, accounting for 95.5% of the total land destroyed by mineral development in the city over the years.

Third, the present situation of land resources development and utilization

The total land area of Qingdao is11/000 hm2, of which the plain area is 420,000 hm2, accounting for 37.8% of the total land area, mainly distributed in the western and northwestern regions (including parts of jimo city, most parts of jiaozhou city and pingdu city). The hilly area is 450,000 hm2, accounting for 40.5% of the total area, which is mainly distributed in the southern and eastern coastal areas and parts of Pingdu and Laixi. The depression covers an area of 240,000 hm2, accounting for 265,438 0.7% of the total area.

In the land composition of Qingdao, the cultivated land is 546,000 hm2, accounting for 49.2% of the total land area, mainly distributed in the plain area and the low-lying and shallow areas of five county-level cities, with only 4.3% in the seven districts of the city, and the per capita cultivated land area of the city is 0.077hm2, which is lower than the provincial average of 0.085hm2 and slightly higher than the national average of 0.076 hm2. ..

In recent years, due to the transfer of a large number of rural labor, many plots have been extensively cultivated, and the amount of organic fertilizer has decreased. Crops are mainly maintained by chemical fertilizers and pesticides, which makes land degradation and nutritional imbalance more serious and aggravates the deterioration of agricultural ecological environment. According to statistics, there are 85,000 hectares of potassium-deficient land, 53,400 hectares of phosphorus-deficient land and10.65 million hectares of nitrogen-deficient land, accounting for 15.6%, 9.8% and 3.0% of the total cultivated land respectively.

Fourth, the current situation of tourism resources development

Qingdao is a famous scenic spot in China and a national key excellent tourist city, which is surrounded by mountains and seas and is rich in tourism resources. With the rapid development of economic construction, new tourism resources are constantly being developed. By 2002, there were 3 national forest parks, 4 scenic spots and 29 provincial, municipal and county forest parks, nature reserves and scenic spots. Famous tourist attractions include Mashan National Nature Reserve, Laoshan Scenic Area, Zhushan National Forest Park, Qingdao Seaside Scenic Area, Qingdao Langyatai Scenic Area, Tianzhu Mountain Scenic Area, Hot Spring Scenic Area, Xuejiadao Scenic Area, Lingshan Island Nature Reserve, Tian Heng Island Scenic Area and Shilaoren Tourist Resort.

In terms of resources and product development, focusing on coastal scenery, Laoshan scenic spots, historical cities and cultural sites, we will focus on the development and construction of the Gold Coast tourist line, Laoshan national scenic spot and coastal holiday tourism, and cultivate a number of tourism products with high cultural taste, strong participation, less investment, quick results, great tension, international, irreplaceable and seasonal.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) geothermal resources and their development and utilization status

1. Geothermal geological survey

Jimo city "East Hot Spring" is the only known hot spring in this area, which is located in the south of East Hot Spring Village in jimo city Hot Spring Town and at 18km northeast of jimo city. The water temperature is as high as 90℃, and the hydrochemical type is Cl-Na-Ca. According to the pumping test data, it is estimated that the hot water inflow at 5m depth drop is 18 15m3/d ... In order to protect geothermal resources and prevent the decline of hot water level from destroying the ecological balance, the exploitable amount is ≤ extrapolated amount, that is, 1 865,438+0.5m3/d = 662,500 m3. Heat flow Qheat = 4.557× 1.08j/d ... Jimo hot spring water is a special type of groundwater resource, which contains many beneficial chemical elements, high salinity, high concentration of Cl- and Na+, total salinity of 1 1g/L, in addition to potassium and potassium.

Hot springs are located in the low mountain basin, with good water collection conditions. The fault zone in Cretaceous Laiyang Group is a water body with thermal storage function. The plane shape of the thermal storage body is basin-shaped, with an area of about 0.5km2. The middle part drops deeply, the deepest part is more than 240 meters, and the edge is thin, and the buried depth is 60 ~ 70 m until it is pointed out. It is confirmed by drilling that the lithology is dense and hard siliceous sandstone and sandstone, and the rock is severely broken, mostly in the fractured zone with obvious alteration and dislocation, and fault breccia can be seen, which provides good conditions for the occurrence of underground hot water.

Geothermal energy was discovered in Jiudian Town, pingdu city in 2004 and is currently being explored.

2. Present situation of development and utilization

South of Wenquan Village, Wenquan Town, jimo city is a place with dense geothermal wells. At present, the geothermal wells that have been developed and utilized mainly include 57,369 military heating wells, heating wells in hot spring workers' sanatoriums, and heating wells of the Petroleum Geophysical Exploration Bureau. The total annual production of each heating well is: workers' sanatorium heating well 1.33 million m3, petroleum exploration bureau heating well 27,600 m3, and military heating well 57,369, with an annual cumulative production of 65,438+.

The single well exploitation of underground hot water in hot spring workers' sanatorium is generally about 6.5438+0.3 million m3 per year, and the average monthly exploitation is about 6.5438+0.2 million m3. During the strong mining period (generally from 654.38+0. 1.08- March and April of the following year), the average monthly production during the weak mining period is about 6.5438+0.9 million m3.

After the hot water of 90℃ pumped from the hot water well is delivered to various sanatoriums, it can be used after a period of natural cooling or a certain amount of cold water. That is to say, before use, the heat energy of the high-temperature part of the hot water did not play its due role and was wasted. The temperature of a considerable part of tail water discharged from sanatorium is also higher than 40℃, and some of them are as high as 50 ~ 60℃. All this hot water is discharged in vain, causing pollution to the environment. According to the development and utilization of geothermal resources in other parts of China, this temperature has great utilization value, so it is necessary to further develop and utilize it to prevent environmental pollution.

To sum up, the actual exploitation of this hot spring still has great exploitation potential, so it is necessary to carry out research on comprehensive development and utilization of hot water. The hot water in this area should focus on recuperation, fish farming and greenhouse vegetables.

Six, drinking mineral water resources and development and utilization status.

Qingdao is rich in mineral water resources, which has been developed and utilized for more than 90 years. The prestigious Laoshan brand mineral water enjoys a high reputation in the world because of its mellow and good taste, and is known as the world famous brand mineral water. At present, Qingdao has passed the appraisal of geological and mineral departments at or above the provincial level, and the mineral water producing areas that meet the national drinking natural mineral water standard (GB 8537-95) have reached more than 100, mainly distributed in seven districts of Qingdao, accounting for about 70%, mainly Laoshan District and Chengyang District, with five suburban cities accounting for about 30% and jimo city relatively more.

Mineral water in granite area is mainly distributed in Laoshan area. Rock is rich in silicon, calcium, sodium, strontium, lithium and other elements. Granite has been weathered, leached and hydrolyzed for a long time, which provides a material basis for the formation of mineral water. The origin of mineral water is generally located in or near the fault structure zone (mainly northeast), and the water storage conditions are good. Most of the water supply is distributed linearly along the structural belt and extends to the distance. The surrounding rocks of the roof and floor of the water body are all dense massive granite, and the joints and cracks are not developed. The rocks near the water source area are exposed, the jungle is densely covered, the people are sparsely populated, the pollution sources are few, the hydrochemical leaching effect is strong, the water alternates strongly, and the groundwater is pollution-free, so it belongs to the clean water source area. According to the comparison of water quality analysis data of known mineral water points, strontium and metasilicic acid are the main types of this kind of mineral water, followed by strontium and metasilicic acid, and HCO _ 3 Cl-CA _ NA is the main hydrochemical type, and all indexes meet the requirements of national regulations.

Mineral water in clastic rock area is mainly distributed in Chengyang and Jimo areas, and the lithology is mainly pyroclastic rock, and this kind of mineral water is mainly metasilicic acid.

According to statistics, the daily allowable exploitation amount of mineral water in Qingdao is 6.5438+500,000 m3, and the water supply capacity can reach 5.4 million m3/a. According to the calculation of 6.5438+0.3, the actual output can reach 6.5438+800,000 m3/a. At present, the annual output of mineral water in Qingdao is only 400,000 m3, which has great development potential.

Seven, the current situation of ecological environment construction

The Qingdao Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government attaches great importance to the construction of ecological environment, and has successively promulgated eight local laws and regulations, such as Regulations on Environmental Protection and Management of Coastal Waters in Qingdao, Regulations on Protection and Management of Ancient and Famous Trees in Qingdao, Interim Measures for Management of Laoshan Scenic Area in Qingdao, Regulations on Management of Sea Area Use in Qingdao, Measures for Implementation of Water Permit System in Qingdao, Measures for Compulsory Tree Planting in Qingdao, Measures for Management of Mineral Resources in Qingdao, etc. The Interim Measures for the Administration of Compensation of Soil and Water Conservation Facilities and Collection and Use of Soil and Water Loss Prevention Fees in Qingdao and other local regulations 1 1. The implementation of these rules and regulations has played an important role in the construction of ecological environment. After winning the honorary title of national environmental protection model city, Qingdao Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government put forward the goal of building an eco-city. In recent years, some achievements have been made in ecological environment construction.

1. Forest protection and afforestation

By strengthening the protection and management of forest resources and planting trees, Qingdao has curbed the trend of forest resources reduction and put forest resources on the road of benign development. Specific measures include: ① strengthening forestry law enforcement, controlling the use of forest land, freezing the examination and approval of forest land requisition for various construction projects, cleaning up illegally requisitioned and occupied forest land, and closing illegal quarrying and sand digging fields; (2) Strengthen forest pest control and forest fire prevention, and reduce the incidence of forest pests and forest fires; (3) Popularizing science and technology to promote forestry, implementing key forestry projects, and building a number of improved seed bases for economic forests. Shelterbelt and economic forests have increased rapidly, reaching 73,000 hm2 and 74,000 hm2 respectively; ④ Take measures of closing hillsides to facilitate afforestation, and cultivate forest resources in mountainous areas as soon as possible. At present, there are 6 forest parks (including 3 national parks, 2 provincial parks, 1 county), and 4 parks and scenic spots with vegetation and green space as the main protection objects. After ten years' wandering, the forest area has taken the first step to realize leap-forward development. In 200 1 year, the newly-increased forest coverage area was10.3 million mu, and the forest coverage rate reached 210.33%.

Dianji Town, jimo city actively develops economic forest construction, and plans a production base of 50,000 mu of fast-growing poplar, with annual planting rotation 1 10,000 mu. Xifu Town, Chengyang District, carried out a pilot project of ecological demonstration community, and used mountainous areas and returning farmland to forests to build an ecological demonstration forest 1 10,000 mu. Jiaonan invested 40 million yuan to build a green passage project, widened the tree planting belts on both sides of national and provincial roads, and formed a green corridor.

2. Protection and utilization of water resources

Qingdao is a city with relatively poor available fresh water resources. Most rivers are seasonal rivers, and the groundwater is mainly replenished by atmospheric precipitation, but the groundwater resources are not rich. "Yellow River Diversion Project" has alleviated the shortage of fresh water resources in Qingdao and basically achieved the balance between supply and demand of water resources. In order to make effective use of water resources, from 1.996 to 2000, the city increased the surface water storage by 6 1.32 million m3, and increased the water-saving irrigation area by 41.30 million mu. Power generation, chemical industry, textile and other industries develop and utilize seawater, and the annual seawater consumption is about 65.438+0.4 billion m3. Agricultural popularization of water-saving irrigation technology, Laixi, Jiaonan, Pingdu three national demonstration counties, water-saving demonstration area of 6.5438+0.3 million mu, five county-level cities and Huangdao District * * * use the World Bank loan of 6.5438+0.0 million dollars to develop water-saving irrigation projects.

There are 12 surface sources of drinking water in Qingdao, including Laoshan Reservoir, Jihongtan Reservoir and Chanzhi Reservoir, with an annual water supply of1600,000 m3. Dagu River is the largest river in Jiaodong Peninsula and an important drinking water source in Qingdao. Close or restrict the exploitation of water sources that are seriously overexploited and cause environmental degradation (such as seawater intrusion and funnel descent). The sewage discharge that caused water pollution has been comprehensively treated. The drinking water sources are well protected and all meet the national drinking water standards.

3. Ecological protection of mineral development

The mineral resources in Qingdao are mainly nonmetallic minerals, and the dominant mineral resources are graphite, granite, marble, mineral water, gabbro, gold, talc and zeolite. Qingdao has successively formulated the Measures for the Management of Mineral Resources in Qingdao and the Measures for the Collection and Management of Compensation Fees for Mineral Resources in Qingdao, and completed the development and utilization plan of geological mineral resources in Qingdao, enabling the city to manage mineral resources protection and ecological protection of mineral resources development according to law, severely crack down on illegal mining activities, and clean up and close hundreds of mining enterprises. The protection of geological landscape has been strengthened, and geological landscape protection zones focusing on "mountain landform", "natural scenic area" and "bathing beach" have been delineated, and more than 90 quarries affecting geological landscape in Laoshan District have been shut down. According to the Qingdao Disaster Reduction and Prevention Plan, the prevention and control of geological disasters will be deployed in time to reduce the harm of geological disasters. Some achievements have been made in the reclamation and ecological restoration of mining areas, and a number of graphite pits and granite quarries have been completed. Laixi actively promotes mine reclamation technology. Following the eighth five-year plan to reclaim 4,300 mu of abandoned graphite mine land, the ninth five-year plan reclaimed 495 mu of land. Along the newly-built and expanded highways such as Fushan and Yin Qing in the city, the mines and highway slopes left by quarrying have been restored and rebuilt, and their natural features have been restored.

4. Marine ecological protection

Qingdao has a vast sea area, so it is of great significance to protect and restore the marine ecological environment and realize the sustainable development of the marine economy. At present, Qingdao's marine ecological environment problems mainly include red tide, water pollution and overfishing.

Jiaozhou Bay is an important part of Qingdao sea area, with an existing water area of 400km2. According to the ecological environment of Jiaozhou Bay and Qingdao coastal waters, Qingdao has formulated the Regulations on Environmental Protection of Qingdao Coastal Waters and other local laws and regulations, strengthened the environmental management and ecological protection of coastal waters, combined pollution prevention with ecological construction and protection of coastal waters, and better controlled marine pollution and resource destruction. Effective supervision and management of marine dumping activities have been implemented, and an emergency handling system for marine pollution accidents has been established to prevent marine pollution accidents caused by oil spills from ships. The implementation of the sea area use management system has coordinated the contradictions between coastal industries, and the illegal development and occupation of sea areas by some important ports, fishing areas and tourist areas has begun to be effectively curbed. Prohibit the production, sale and use of phosphorus-containing detergents, strengthen the treatment of urban domestic sewage and industrial wastewater, and control the pollution of land-based pollutants to the marine environment. Nine sewage treatment plants, including Tuandao, He Haibo and Maidao, were built, which reduced the total amount of pollutants discharged into the sea and effectively controlled the total amount of pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus. Implement the "zero growth" policy of marine fishing, adjust the fishing structure, control the intensity of offshore fishing, and improve offshore resources. Implement the "Blue Ocean Action Plan" to promote the coordinated development of marine development and protection.

5. Desertification and salinization control

The desertification area in Qingdao is very small, mainly distributed near riverbeds and beaches, with a long and narrow range. Over the years, Qingdao has carried out the construction of coastal shelterbelts, strengthened tree planting on both sides of rivers, and reduced the area of desertification.

Around the problem of soil salinization caused by seawater intrusion, in recent ten years, Qingdao has taken measures such as stopping or reducing the exploitation of groundwater, building dikes, building cutoff walls and replenishing groundwater to improve the salinized land by 4600hm2.

6. Protection of important ecological function areas

The coastal waters, drinking water catchment areas and forests of Laoshan Mountain, Daze Mountain, Zhushan Mountain and Tiegan Mountain in Qingdao have played an important role in maintaining the ecological balance in this area and have also been the focus of ecological protection work in this city in recent years. In order to ensure the water quality of Laoshan Reservoir, industrial production and polluting agricultural production projects have been strictly controlled in Beizhai area of Laoshan, which is located in the reservoir catchment area for many years. Dagu River implements a strict protection policy, and the municipal government has set up a leading group for pollution prevention and control of Dagu River to organize coastal water source protection and environmental pollution control.

By the end of 2002, there were 3 national forest parks, 4 scenic spots and 29 provincial, municipal and county forest parks, nature reserves and scenic spots in Qingdao. They are: Laoshan Forest Park, Lingshan Bay National Forest Park, Zhushan National Forest Park, Mashan National Nature Reserve, Laoshan Scenic Area, Qingdao Seaside Scenic Area, Tianzhu Mountain Scenic Area and Qingdao Langyatai Scenic Area. The total area is 283,654,38+000 hm2, and the coverage rate is 26.57%.

7. Grassland protection and construction

Qingdao has few grasslands. After more than ten years of protection and construction, the grassland area has doubled, especially the natural grassland has grown rapidly. In recent years, urban areas have increased the construction of urban public green space, combining trees, irrigation, flowers and grass, and the green coverage rate of built-up areas has reached 37%. The principle of returning farmland to forest is to adopt the principle of suitable forest and grass, and vigorously develop forage planting. In the future, the grassland area, especially the pasture planting area, will increase greatly.