What are the consequences of the increasing total military expenditure of the six major European countries?

1. Read the material and complete the following requirements.

Material 1:/kloc-In the mid-9th century, most Europeans moved out voluntarily, and the motive force of immigration came from the strong demand for political freedom, personal safety and more social and economic opportunities. The military and technological advantages of European powers are an important reason for their continuous expansion and one of the factors that cause labor migration. The development of industry has stimulated the demand for labor and the development of immigrants. European immigrants began to arrive in urban areas and then gradually moved to other countries. European immigrants have changed the demographic structure and political map of some areas, making the production of goods realized all over the world. Immigrant families have brought new languages to their own areas, changed the traditional world language areas and linked many parts of the world together.

-Excerpt from Paritke? Manning Immigrants in World History

Material 2:/kloc-In the mid-9th century, after the establishment of trading ports by foreign powers, coastal cities such as Shanghai and Tianjin and emerging industrial and mining cities absorbed a large number of people from rural areas and small towns, forming a new wave of immigration. With the development of modern industry and commerce, urbanized immigrants who moved into cities and towns played a completely different role from traditional immigrants. China's proletariat and bourgeoisie emerged from urban immigrants and became new roles in China's historical stage. The demand of modern powerful countries for cheap labor and the population pressure on the southeast coast. Making workers from the southeast coast go abroad has become the main form of overseas immigration, and this immigration process is continuous and widely distributed. China immigrated to Southeast Asia, America and other places, mainly engaged in agriculture, handicrafts and miners. The contribution and influence of China immigrants to the economy, culture, politics and society of the immigrant countries are universally acknowledged.

—— Excerpted from Ge Xiongjian's A Brief History of Immigrants in China.

(l) Summarize the historical background of European immigrants and China immigrants in the middle of19th century according to the materials I and II and the knowledge learned.

Answer background: Europe: the development of industrial revolution; The acceleration of urbanization; The formation of the world market; Promote colonial expansion; The innovation of transportation. China: invaded by foreign powers; Social unrest; The natural economy gradually disintegrated; Modern industrial and commercial development; Population pressure in the southeast coast.

( 1)

According to materials 1 and 2/,this paper points out the main differences between overseas immigrants in China and Europe in this period. Combined with the knowledge learned, this paper briefly analyzes its * * * function.