Where is a good place for the whole family to travel during the Spring Festival? (Additional high score)

Menmen is a scenic seaport city in the southeast of China, with its back to Zhangzhou and Quanzhou, facing Jinmen, and facing Taiwan Province Province and Penghu Islands across the sea. Xiamen is composed of Xiamen Island, Gulangyu Island, the coastal areas on the north bank of Jiulong River and nearby islands, sea areas and Tongan County, with a total area of 15 16 square kilometers. Xiamen Island is slightly pentagonal, with east-west width 12.5km, north-south length 13.7km and area 128. 18km2. 1955 10 month, also built by the long dike of the strait, connecting Xiamen Island with the mainland and becoming a peninsula).

Xiamen is located in the center of the "Golden Triangle" in southern Fujian (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Quanzhou). Facing Taiwan Province Province and Nanyang, most ancestors of Xiamen people were immigrants from the Central Plains. Therefore, the local customs of Xiamen not only inherit the ancient and excellent Chinese cultural traditions, but also have strong local characteristics of southern Fujian.

1, local language

Minnan dialect, also known as Xiamen dialect, is popular in Xiamen. The Minnan dialect, represented by Xiamen dialect, is widely used, including Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Quanzhou, counties and cities under its jurisdiction and Taiwan Province Province. * * * More than 32 million people speak Minnan dialect. In addition, some people speak Minnan dialect in Singapore, Malaysia, the Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand, Hong Kong, and overseas Chinese living in southern Fujian scattered around the world. Although there are some differences in Minnan dialect, it can basically communicate unimpeded.

Xiamen dialect is very different from Mandarin (Mandarin), which is also a Han language, so it is impossible to communicate with each other. The differences between Xiamen dialect and Putonghua are mainly manifested in pronunciation and vocabulary, and there are also some differences in grammar. There are only four tones in Mandarin, namely, flat tone, rising tone and falling tone. There are seven tones in Xiamen dialect, namely, tone-shifting (spirit), rising tone (Chinese), rising tone (good wine), yin going (world), yang going (Zhao Li), yin entering (800) and yang entering (medical stone). Tone sandhi in Xiamen dialect is more complicated than that in Mandarin. Many phonetic phenomena in Xiamen dialect reflect some characteristics of ancient Chinese and middle Chinese pronunciation, which is quite prominent in Chinese dialects. In terms of vocabulary, Xiamen dialect has a large number of words unique to this dialect, which is rare or even absent in Putonghua or other dialects.

2. Annual order

Xiamen, like other Han areas in China, attaches great importance to traditional folk festivals.

Spring Festival. The first day of the first lunar month is the most important traditional festival in a year. Every household puts up Spring Festival couplets before the festival. On New Year's Eve, the family will eat New Year's Eve around the stove (hot pot). Some stay up late, which is called "Shounian". The elders give red envelopes to underage children, which are called "lucky money". In the early morning of the first day, firecrackers were lit to "on". People put on new clothes and pay New Year greetings to their relatives in turn according to their seniority. Friends in Lu Yu should congratulate each other on their new happiness. When guests go home, they should be treated with sweet tea, candy and candied fruit. If they have children, they should be given oranges and melons as gifts. On the third day of the first lunar month, it is regarded as a mourning day for newly bereaved families. Generally, people do not visit or go out to pay New Year greetings.

Lantern Festival. On the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, Xiamen is also called "Shangyuan Festival" or "Lantern Festival". That night, parents often take their children to the streets with lanterns to see the scenery. In recent years, it has become a common practice to hold "Kashima Lantern Festival" in Zhongshan Park. People often have activities such as playing dragon lanterns and dancing lions.

Tomb-Sweeping Day. People should follow the custom of sweeping graves and offering sacrifices to ancestors. In the past, paper was offered to sweep graves, but now it is gradually replaced by wreaths or bouquets. Ten days before and after Tomb-Sweeping Day, cemeteries and columbariums were opened for people to pay homage.

Dragon Boat Festival. On the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, Xiamen is commonly known as the "Five-Day Festival". In the past, it was rare to insert EPPs at the door of every household, sprinkle realgar wine at home, and wear sachets for children to ward off evil spirits. However, people are still used to washing clothes and cleaning on this day, and keep the custom of eating zongzi and racing dragon boats. Jimei Dragon Boat Festival is the place where dragon boat races have been organized over the years, and it will be very lively.

Mid-Autumn Festival. The fifteenth day of the eighth lunar month is a day for people to get together or miss their distant relatives and friends. In the Mid-Autumn Festival, Xiamen people not only enjoy the moon and eat Mid-Autumn moon cakes, but also have a folk activity of "beating cakes to win the championship", which has been spread since Zheng successfully expelled the Dutch and recovered Taiwan Province Province. It is very unique and full of fun. There are 63 cakes in a box at Mid-Autumn Festival, with different sizes. * * * is divided into six categories, which respectively represent the champion, the second place, the flower exploration, the scholar, the juren and the scholar in the ancient imperial examination (commonly known as the champion, the opposite door, the three reds, the four advances, the two strokes and the one show in the "competition for the champion" activity). Everyone throws six dice into the bowl in turn, and gets the cake according to the number of dice put into the bowl, and finally wins the "No.1 scholar". For more than 300 years, this fun-filled activity has been circulated among Xiamen people.

Double Ninth Festival The ninth day of the ninth lunar month is the Double Ninth Festival, and people like hiking.

Winter solstice festival. Every family worships their ancestors and eats glutinous rice balls.

3. Traditional customs

The Chinese nation advocates red, and Xiamen people also use red to symbolize happiness and auspiciousness. Door couplets and invitations are all red paper; When giving gifts, you should also stick a red note on the wrapping paper; Vehicles to be married should be hung with red ribbons; Yi Xi and Shou Ping should be made of red satin. If the bereaved live in the same building as others, a red cloth will be hung at the door. Colors such as black, white and blue are regarded as symbols of heaviness and depression.

Planting flowers and plants is a hobby of Xiamen people. I not only have potted plants at home, but also like to buy all kinds of flowers in the market and keep them in the living room and bedroom with clear water. People often weave flower baskets, flower screens, dragons, phoenixes, lights and other shapes of holiday occasions with flowers.

Some folk taboos and polite customs that should be paid attention to are:

Pointing at people with the middle finger is considered to be very impolite;

It is considered the biggest insult to hit people with a broom;

The guest is sweeping the floor, which is considered as expulsion and impolite;

At the wedding banquet, it is considered as an unlucky sign that guests accidentally break plates, spoons and other tableware.

When eating, chopsticks should not be inserted in the rice, because incense is often inserted in the rice when offering sacrifices. This is disrespect for people;

When entertaining guests, it is most taboo to set up six dishes, because according to the old rules of the Qing Dynasty, condemned prisoners only eat six dishes before execution;

Don't say monkeys in front of your baby, thinking that monkeys will make your baby sick and difficult to raise; Don't boast that the baby is obese, say "good-looking" and "easy to raise"

Some of the above taboos are still in use today, but most of them are no longer rigid.

4. People's customs

In Xiamen, weddings, birthdays, childbirth and other celebrations are collectively called "red events", while funerals are called "white events".

Get married. Marriage between adult men and women used to be complicated, but now it has been greatly simplified. Ordinary citizens still choose the wedding day as usual, and the elders of both sides will preside over the wedding. The day before the ceremony, the woman handed the "dowry" to the man to decorate the new house; In the early morning of the wedding day, the groom goes to the bride's house to get married, and then holds a banquet in the evening. After the banquet, guests and friends can go to the "bridal chamber" regardless of rank. Three days after marriage, the groom will accompany the bride back to her mother's house, and the latter will prepare a banquet and invite relatives and friends to celebrate with her. Nowadays, more and more young men and women don't get married according to this set, but it is fashionable to travel to get married or have a wedding dance.

birthday birthday Birthdays of Xiamen people are concentrated on teenagers 16 years old and elderly people's 50th and 60th birthdays. Young men and women who have reached the age of 16 are regarded as adults. Relatives of ethnic minorities should send live chickens, noodles, cloth and other gifts to celebrate. The parents of the parties gave a banquet to thank them. The old man's birthday is his father's 60th birthday and his mother's 50th birthday. Married children should prepare four-color gifts for their parents, such as pork legs, noodles, wine and eggs, to repay the kindness of raising. Some people also hold banquets to entertain relatives and friends.

Have a baby. People think this is a great event. Children are called "Three Dynasties" when they are born for three days. The husband's family should prepare "oil rice" and send someone to her family to report the good news. A month later, it will be distributed to relatives, friends and neighbors together with "fried rice", which is called "Mi Yue". Then 4 months, one year old, also want to be lively.

Funeral. I used to emphasize ostentation and extravagance. At present, burial in wasteland is cremation, and everything is taken care of by the funeral management office to facilitate bereavement. [Page]

5. Folk Quyi

Xiamen's folk quyi is widely spread, with a long history and a wide range of subjects. Some describe daily life, some pour out love between men and women, some reproduce labor scenes, some spread anecdotes, some praise ancient heroes, etc., but there is basically no written record. After liberation, Quyi workers created a large number of works, only written records. There are many kinds of folk arts in Xiamen, including Nanqu, Taiwanese Opera, Gaojia Opera, Liyuan Opera and Response Drum.

Nanqu, also known as Nanle, Nanyin and Nanguan, is said to have been founded by Meng Chang in the Five Dynasties to sort out the ancient sounds of China. Meng Chang is also considered as the founder of Nanqu. According to folklore, Nanqu was brought to Fujian by Wang Shen's brother at the end of the Tang Dynasty. It was originally an elegant court music. After being introduced into the folk, it gradually merged with folk music. In the long-term development process, influenced by Yuan Opera, Kunqu Opera and Yiyang Opera, a kind of music with strong local color has been formed.

As an ancient music, Nanqu is closely related to the music of Tang, Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties. For example, the pipa, one of the main musical instruments of Nanqu, is called Nanpa, which plays horizontally. Playing postures like Nanpai Saburo can only be seen in ancient paintings and unearthed Tang figurines. Nanqu still retains the ancient names of Tang and Song operas, such as Autumn Colors in Han Palace and Santaishan. It can be inferred that it has a history of 1000 years. During the reign of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty, Nanqu was once famous for its excellent folk music. Wu Shao Fang Xian went to Beijing to play Nanqu, and Kangxi gave Wu Shao the title of "a guest in command", so Nanqu was called "a clear song in command", and it was at that time that Nanqu began to sing with an umbrella.

According to legend, Nanqu activities in Xiamen began in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. During the Qing dynasty, Jinhua Pavilion and other music halls were established one after another. Xiamen is a foreign trade port in southern Fujian and a must for overseas Chinese, so Nanqu was introduced to Southeast Asia with overseas Chinese. In the 1920s, Nanqu records produced by Xiamen Nanle Music Circle spread to Britain and were praised as "Oriental Pearl" by the British Encyclopedia. Zhou Chuanbao, a music theorist, quoted the research conclusion of the University of Washington as saying that "Nanyin can be said to be the oldest traditional music in the world". Musician Zhao Lian called Nanqu "the living fossil of music", while overseas Chinese called Nanqu "the root of China music" and "the flower of oriental music".

Nanqu is popular in Quanzhou and Xiamen, all over southern Fujian, and spread in Taiwan Province Province, Hongkong, Macau, Fujian and other areas where overseas Chinese live in concentrated communities. There are many Nanqu clubs in the Philippines, Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Myanmar and other countries.

Taiwanese opera. Born in Yilan, Taiwan Province, it is one of the major operas in Minnan and Taiwan Province provinces. More than 300 years ago, Zheng successfully recovered Taiwan Province Province, and a large number of officers and men settled down. They brought folk music such as Jin songs, chariots and drums to southern Fujian, enriching the local music in Taiwan Province Province. In Taiwan Province Province, people often organize folk songs, cars and drums, parades and performances, commonly known as "Gezi Array". /kloc-at the end of 0/9, influenced by the introduction of random play, Siping and Peking Opera, according to the story, they dressed up as characters and often performed in a circle in the square, which was called "floor broom". At the beginning of the 20th century, yilan county's Ou Laizhu created a "seven-character tune" and spread it, which was very popular. So he took the seven-character tune as the main music, organized a troupe performance, and named it "Taiwanese Opera". Yilan County has become the cradle of the birth of Taiwanese opera.

At the beginning of the 20th century, Taiwanese opera entered Taipei and other cities to perform, which promoted the development of Taiwanese opera. In the 1920s, Taiwanese opera entered Xiamen. 1926 The original Liyuan opera class in Xiamen "Shuangzhufeng" was changed to singing Taiwanese opera, becoming the first Taiwanese opera class.

Taiwanese opera was repeatedly destroyed shortly after its birth. In Taiwan Province province, the Japanese invaders first strangled and then tried to assimilate; In southern Fujian, it was falsely labeled as "the tune of national subjugation" by the authorities and was banned from performing. Zhangzhou artist Shao and others created the "chop suey tune" and adopted some Minnan folk tunes, collectively called the improved tune, instead of the original Taiwanese opera, and the Taiwanese opera was renamed as the "improved drama" to survive.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Taiwanese opera has become one of the main operas in southern Fujian after the system and artistic reforms. /kloc-participated in the first East China Opera Exhibition in 0/954, and Xiamen and Zhangzhou jointly formed a team, named "xiang opera Team". 1980, Xiamen Hunan Opera Troupe restored the original name of Taiwanese opera and renamed it "Xiamen Taiwanese Opera Troupe".

Gaojia Opera, also known as Ge Jia Opera, Jiujiao Opera, Taipan Opera and Dagu Opera, is one of the main operas in southern Fujian. It has been circulating for more than 200 years. It was introduced to Xiamen about 150 years ago.

Gaojia Opera was originally a costume parade. In the coastal rural areas of southern Fujian, people like to dress up as Liangshan heroes and improvise with strong folk music accompaniment. At that time, it was called "Songjiang Array" and later developed into a professional troupe. Because Song Jiang acted the most, the performance of Song Jiang Opera called "Song Jiang Opera" emphasized martial arts, and the plot content was relatively simple. Later, it absorbed the repertoire and performing arts of Liyuan Opera and Puppet Opera, and gradually developed into a "Hexing Opera" with both civil and military skills. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, it absorbed the performing arts of Huizhou Opera, Jiangxi Yiyang Opera and Peking Opera, and gradually formed a unique local drama "Gaojia Opera".

Liyuan Opera. Formed in the late Song Dynasty, it was popular in Quanzhou. It was introduced to Xiamen in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. Xue Qifeng's "Jiang Luzhi" records that "at that time, folk customs, Shangyuan, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, and all the streets and alleys were staged for a month and a half." At that time, no other operas were introduced to Xiamen, only Liyuan Opera was being staged. Zhou Kai's "Records of Xiazhangzhi" records: "Fujian Opera is called the seventh class. In front of Xiamen, there is "Li Jingchuan", which plays the story of the spring man Chen San seducing the tide girl Huang Wuniang to elope ... The audience was blocked. " The seventh category mentioned here is another name for Liyuan Opera, and Biography of Li Jing is a play of Liyuan Opera. When Taiwanese opera was introduced to Xiamen in the 1920s, there were pear orchards such as Double Pearl Phoenix. Around the 1940s, till the early 1950s, there were still performances of Liyuan Opera in urban and rural areas of Xiamen.

1961July 16, the first batch of students of Xiamen Liyuan Opera held their first performance in the People's Theatre, performing the traditional play "Chen San Wu Niang". Later, Liyuan Opera Class was no longer established in Xiamen, and students were merged into Fujian Liyuan Opera Class.

Answer drum. It is a folk art variety that spreads in southern Fujian and Taiwan Province Province. Performing in Minnan dialect has a strong local flavor. It takes verse dialogue as the main form, and its artistic techniques are humorous, humorous and humorous, which has become one of the popular folk art forms in Fujian and Taiwan.

The origin and evolution of the answer drum have not been clearly recorded in writing before. However, the old-timers agree that it developed from the Voice of the City. Since ancient times, folk hawkers in southern Fujian have solicited business, and beggars' words rhyme and improvise, similar to jingles. Later, the rhyming form of "reading four sentences" was formed on the basis of the city sound. Because "four sentences" are widely circulated among the people, people also use it to joke and argue in daily conversation. Joker performances on the stage of traditional drama in China often use gags. In southern Fujian, it is also called "cultivating immortals, clapping your mouth and playing drums". Therefore, "cultivating immortals and clapping drums" has become synonymous with "chatting" and "chatting". These local folk art forms, such as drumming, touching the ancients and answering songs, have been gradually formed through long-term folk circulation.

Xiamen's folk performing arts include lion dancing, walking on stilts, centipede pavilions, car drum alleys, tapestry songs and so on, which are lively and colorful.

6. Religious belief

The religions in Xiamen are Buddhism, Christianity, Catholicism and Islam, with Buddhism as the main religion and tens of thousands of followers. Nanputuo Temple, an ancient temple in southern Fujian, and Minnan Buddhist College are well-known at home and abroad. Christian New Street Chapel is called "the first temple in China"; The Catholic diocese of Xiamen is located in Gulangyu Island, which is the center of foreign exchange of Catholicism in southern Fujian. [Page]

Kashima

Xiamen consists of Xiamen Island, the north bank of Jiulong River in Chinese mainland, Tongan, Xiang 'an and Gulangyu. Xiamen Island is pentagonal with an area of 132.5 square kilometers. There are three small peninsulas along the north coast of Jiulong River, namely Jimei, Xinglin and Haicang. Gulangyu Island is oval with an area of 1.9 1 km2. Song and Yuan Dynasties called it "round sandbar", because there was a cave in the southwest of the island, which beat drums in waves, and it was renamed in Ming Dynasty. The whole island is covered with trees and grass.

Jimei Xue Cun is located at17km in Xiamen, and was founded by Chen Jiageng in 19 13. There are many universities in Xue Cun, which merged into Jimei University in 1990s. Xue Cun's architecture is a blend of Chinese and Western styles, close to the sea, and the scenery is very beautiful.

Xiamen is a city surrounded by sea water, with vast beaches, green forests and warm sunshine. Due to the good ecological environment, the air in Xiamen is very fresh, and thousands of egrets inhabit it, forming a unique natural landscape in Xiamen. Because the terrain of Xiamen looks like an egret, it is called "Ludao". Not only is the natural scenery beautiful, but the urban environment is also very clean. It is a famous tourist city in China.

Southern music

Also known as Nanyin, Nanle, Nanguan and Xianguan, it is the most popular local folk art in southern Fujian. According to textual research, it existed in the Sui and Tang Dynasties more than 1000 years ago. According to historical records, in A.D. 17 13, the 60th birthday of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, the national famous string songs gathered in Kyoto to perform, and Nanqu also went to Beijing to perform, which was appreciated, and was awarded a township plaque, colorful umbrellas and palace lanterns, and a dragon encounter of a golden lion was given to the erhu player. This ancient music is played with pipa, Dong Xiao, erhu, Sanxian and other musical instruments. The music is beautiful and lyrical, with local characteristics. His famous masterpieces include Plum Blossom Fuck, Eight Horses, Three Men and Thank the Princess, all of which have been recorded and distributed at home and abroad.

Towns where overseas Chinese and returned overseas Chinese and their relatives live.

Xiamen is the main gateway and hometown of overseas Chinese in Fujian. According to the statistics of 1995, there are 380,000 overseas Chinese living in 73 countries including Southeast Asia, Europe and America, and/kloc-0.5 million returned overseas Chinese and their relatives living in Xiamen.

The earliest ocean transportation, the earliest railway, the earliest inland river shipping and the land-water combined transport to counties in southern Fujian in Xiamen were mostly founded by overseas Chinese. Overseas Chinese have made great contributions to the rise and development of modern capitalist national industries in Xiamen. After the reform and opening up, overseas Chinese have made new contributions to Xiamen's economic development, especially in introducing funds, technology and talents and promoting foreign exchanges.