How to preach the policy of returning farmland to forests to the masses

Returning farmland to forest is to stop continuous cultivation in a planned and step-by-step manner from the perspective of protecting and improving the ecological environment, and to plant trees and grass according to local conditions and restore vegetation in line with the principles of suitable trees, irrigation and grass planting. At present, the project of returning farmland to forests in Kunming has three levels: national, provincial and municipal.

National project of returning farmland to forest

In order to fundamentally improve the rapid deterioration of China's ecology, after the 1998 catastrophic flood, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council took "closing hillsides to plant trees and returning farmland to forests" as post-disaster reconstruction.

Important measures to improve rivers and lakes. From 65438 to 0999, the project of returning farmland to forests was implemented, including returning farmland to forests, supporting afforestation in barren hills and wasteland and closing hillsides to facilitate afforestation, consolidating the achievements of returning farmland to forests, and a new round of returning farmland to forests. Among them,

In 2007, the implementation of returning farmland to forests was suspended, and the implementation planning period for consolidating the achievements of returning farmland to forests was 2008-20 15. At present, the country will start a new round of returning farmland to forests, and has completed the basic investigation and overall planning.

Compilation and other work.

First, returning farmland to forests, supporting afforestation in barren hills and wasteland and closing hillsides for afforestation.

By the end of 20 14, the national project of returning farmland to forests has entered the sixteenth year, and the project of consolidating the achievements of returning farmland to forests has been implemented for six years. Kunming has completed the project of returning farmland to forests.

778,000 mu, including 263,000 mu of returning farmland to forests (253,500 mu of ecological forests, 65,000 mu of economic forests and 300,000 mu of grass), 467,000 mu of afforestation in barren hills and wasteland, and 48,000 mu of closing hillsides for afforestation.

Mu; After the results of returning farmland to forests were consolidated, the follow-up industries developed and planted 394,250 mu, replanted 83,664 mu, and trained 60,600 people to create firewood forests for rural energy afforestation.

60.06 million mu, 3.567 million biogas outlets, 0/.8462 million firewood stoves, 0/.3/kloc solar energy, and 82.882 million mu of basic grain fields. The project involves the whole city 14 counties.

(city) district 134 townships (towns, street offices), 1078 administrative villages, with 78,500 farmers and 289,400 people.

(1) The state provides free subsidies for grain and living expenses for farmers returning farmland. Annual grain (raw grain) subsidy 150 kg per mu of farmland in the Yangtze River Basin and South China; from

Since 2004, the grain subsidies for farmers returning farmland have been changed into cash subsidies, and the living expenses of each mu of farmland are subsidized by 20 yuan every year according to the calculation of grain (raw grain) 1.40 yuan. Yunnan province also subsidizes the freight adjustment per kilogram of grain.

0.2 yuan. The subsidy period of food living expenses: the subsidy for returning farmland to grassland is calculated as 5 years, the subsidy for returning farmland to economic forest is calculated as 5 years, and the subsidy for returning farmland to ecological forest is calculated as 8 years.

(2) The state provides subsidies for seedling afforestation for farmers returning farmland. Returning farmland to forests and afforestation in barren hills and wasteland suitable for forests will be subsidized to 50 yuan per mu. After 20 10, the seedling afforestation fee will be increased to 300 yuan per mu.

(3) Returning farmland to forests must adhere to ecological priority. The area of ecological forest for the construction of returning farmland to forests shall be calculated by county, and shall not be less than 80% of the area of returning farmland to forests.

(4) After returning farmland to forests, the people's governments at or above the county level shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Forestry Law and Grassland Law, issue certificates of forest (grass) ownership, confirm ownership and use rights, and go through the formalities for land use change according to law.

(5) The term of contractual management right after returning farmland to forests can be extended to 70 years. After the expiration of the contractual management right period, the land contractual management right holder may continue to contract in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws and regulations. The contractual management right after returning farmland to forests and afforestation in barren hills and wasteland can be inherited and transferred according to law.

Second, consolidate the achievements of returning farmland to forests.

In 2007, the state suspended the project of returning farmland to forests and made a decision to improve the policy of returning farmland to forests and consolidate the achievements of returning farmland to forests. The term of subsidy for returning farmland to forests is the same as that of the former.

After the expiration, the State Council decided that the central government would continue to allocate funds. First, after the expiration of the current grain cost of living allowance for returning farmland to forests, we will continue to give appropriate cash subsidies to farmers who have returned farmland, with a subsidy of 105 yuan per mu to solve the problem of returning farmland.

Farmers are living in difficulties at present. Second, the original annual living allowance of 20 yuan per mu of farmland will continue to be directly subsidized to farmers returning farmland, and linked to the management and protection tasks. The subsidy period is: 8 years for returning farmland to ecological forest and 5 years for returning farmland to economic forest.

Two-year grass return subsidy. The third is to establish special funds to consolidate the achievements of returning farmland to forests. Concentrate on solving the outstanding problems that affect the long-term livelihood of farmers returning farmland, and the special funds are mainly used for the construction of basic grain ration fields for farmers returning farmland and rural energy construction.

Establishment, ecological migration and replanting. After 2008, the project to consolidate the achievements of returning farmland to forests was started.

Three. The country will start a new round of returning farmland to forests.

Returning farmland to forests, increasing forest and grass vegetation, reducing soil erosion and sandstorm hazards, promoting the adjustment of agricultural structure and the transfer of wealthy labor, and increasing farmers' income have achieved remarkable results.

However, at present, China's forest resources are still very scarce, and the problems of primary vegetation degradation and serious soil erosion are still very prominent. People living in areas with fragile ecology, frequent natural disasters and poor living conditions should fundamentally get rid of poverty.

To get rich, we need to combine relocation, urbanization and industrial adjustment to return farmland to forests and grasslands. The state has decided to start a new round of returning farmland to forests and grasslands from 20 14 (hereinafter referred to as the new round of returning farmland to forests), and by 2020,

The scale is controlled at 40-63 million mu. According to the plan reported by county (city) investigation, the planned area of returning farmland to forests in the new round from 2014 to 2020 is 303,583 mu, of which

Medium: the area of sloping farmland above 25 degrees is 2414.06 million mu, and the area of sloping farmland below 25 degrees in important water sources is 621770,000 mu. Cities and counties (districts) will actively strive for and organize the implementation of a new round of returning farmland to forests.

engineering

(A) the overall idea of the project

Drawing lessons from the previous experience of returning farmland to forests, the most important thing is to fully mobilize the enthusiasm of local governments and farmers, establish an independent mechanism for farmers to return farmland to forests, and avoid government intervention.

Excessive advance planning and insufficient supervision. It is implemented in a "bottom-up, up-and-down combination" way. On the basis of farmers' voluntary declaration of the task of returning farmland to forests, the scale will be approved and the subsidy funds will be allocated to the cash independently determined by the provincial and provincial people's governments.

The subsidy standard for farmers has changed from a manager to a developer who buys ecological services. The government is responsible for the quality and quantity of products and services, and provides technical guidance and help on the implementation conditions.

(2) implementation focus and scale

According to the results of the second national land survey and the annual change survey, the new round of returning farmland to forests is strictly limited to sloping farmland above 25 degrees, seriously desertified farmland and important water sources.

15-25 degree sloping farmland. Considering the need and possibility, the scale and progress of returning farmland to forests should be arranged reasonably. According to local conditions, trees should be planted, irrigation should be done, and grass should be planted. There is no longer any distinction between forest types. You can plant whatever you want.

Plant whatever is suitable for planting, without limiting the proportion. If conditions permit, combine forest and grass to develop the under-forest economy. By 2020, the national total scale will be about 42.4 million mu. Among them, 2 1.73 million mu of sloping farmland above 25 degrees,

Seriously desertified cultivated land/kloc-0.7 million mu, and sloping cultivated land in Danjiangkou reservoir area and Three Gorges reservoir area is 3.7 million mu. Considering food security and seedling supply comprehensively, 5 million mu will be arranged in 20 14, giving priority to it.

Places that meet the conditions of returning farmland, have high enthusiasm of the masses and are fully prepared for the preliminary work.

(3) Subsidy standards

In the new round of returning farmland to forests, the state subsidizes 1.500 yuan per mu, of which: the Ministry of Finance subsidizes 1.200 yuan through special funds, and the National Development and Reform Commission subsidizes budgetary investment.

Seedling afforestation fee 300 yuan; Returning farmland to grassland will be subsidized to 800 yuan per mu, in which: the Ministry of Finance will subsidize cash 680 yuan through special funds, and the National Development and Reform Commission will subsidize the cost of seedling and grass planting through budgetary investment 120 yuan. country

The subsidy funds for returning farmland to forests reached the province in three stages, namely, 800 yuan in the first year, 300 yuan in the third year and 400 yuan in the fifth year. Grant funds for returning farmland to grassland are distributed in two times, each time.

500 yuan in the first year and 300 yuan in the second year. On this basis, the provincial people's government can independently determine the specific subsidy standards and amounts to be paid to farmers returning farmland in stages. Due to local improvement

The standard part exceeding the scale of the central subsidy shall be borne by the local finance itself.

The new round of returning farmland to forest and grassland does not advocate returning farmland to forest to solve farmers' livelihood problems, but requires farmers to voluntarily and actively introduce social capital to participate in returning farmland to forest to improve efficiency; Support project integration and improve development level.

(4) Project management

The State Forestry Administration has formulated a new round of acceptance criteria and contract model for returning farmland to forests. The county-level government or the township government entrusted by it shall sign a contract with the farmers who have returned farmland to clarify the scope, area, species of forest and grass, initial planting density, subsidy standard and amount, as well as the completion time, quality requirements, inspection and acceptance, payment time of funds and management responsibility. Establish and improve the publicity system of returning farmland to forests at village level, publicize the area, location, planting seeds, quality requirements, acceptance results and subsidy funds of farmers returning farmland, and accept social and mass supervision.

(5) area verification

Survival rate of acceptance in the second year and survival rate of acceptance in the fourth year; The acceptance of returning grass in the second year shall be undertaken by the State Forestry Administration, the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Land and Resources according to the annual land change.

Survey results, point by point to carry out monitoring and evaluation. The assessment results serve as an important basis for task adjustment, the realization of subsidy funds and the assessment of farmland protection responsibility objectives. Finance, auditing and other departments should strengthen supervision and inspection to ensure the full use of funds.

Returning farmland to forests.

(6) Supporting policies

1. Trees planted after returning farmland to meet the national and provincial public welfare forest zoning standards shall be included in the forest ecological benefit compensation by the central and local governments respectively. Those that are not included in the public welfare forest can be cut according to law upon approval. Returning farmland to grassland in pastoral areas should be included in the subsidy and reward mechanism of grassland ecological protection under the condition of clear grassland ownership.

2. Under the premise of not destroying vegetation and causing new soil erosion, encourage farmers returning farmland to intercrop short-stalk crops such as beans, develop the under-forest economy, and promote management through tillage. Encourage individuals to set up family forest farms and implement diversified management.

3. On the premise of earmarking funds, make overall arrangements for special poverty alleviation, ex situ poverty alleviation and relocation, modern agricultural production development, comprehensive agricultural development and other funds from the central government, improve the production and living conditions of farmers returning farmland, adjust the industrial structure, develop characteristic industries, increase farmers' income, and consolidate the achievements of returning farmland to forests and grasslands.

4. After returning farmland to forests and grasslands, the people's governments at or above the county level shall register the change of ownership according to law.