Excerpts from business classical Chinese

1. Find some classic works about business in China, the originator of Confucian merchants, Fu Jia Tao Zhugong Fan Li, the intellectual ancestor of merchants, Bai Gui, the great businessman of governing the country, Lv Buwei, the agricultural genius, the richest man in Shen Wansan, Sang Hongyang, Wu Bingjian, the richest man in Qiao Zhiyong, Hu Xueyan, the first generation of money king, Wang Chi, Ye Chengzhong, Jin Shang, Shi Xue and three brothers. Books that record businessmen's business include Historical Records.

Books such as Biography of Huo Zhi, Yu Ion, Miscellaneous Notes of Yan Jingjing, Think Tank, etc. all have records of ancient businessmen. Ten secrets of ancient businessmen doing business: knowing the place to win and choosing the place to make money. Sun Tzu's art of war said: those who have the terrain help the soldiers.

Expect the enemy to win, calculate the danger, distance, and go to the general. He who knows this and fights wins, but he who doesn't know this and fights loses.

It can be seen that the terrain is important for combat and it is also necessary for generals to observe. Doing business is like fighting, shopping malls are like fighting, businessmen are like generals with thousands of troops, and wise generals often occupy favorable terrain and eventually win the war.

As a great strategist in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Fan Li knew this well. From a strategist's point of view, he thinks that pottery is an ideal place for goods trade.

So he chose Tao Di as the marketing point. Sure enough, in nineteen years, he became a world-famous woman, and Tao Zhugong's reputation became a household name from ancient times to the present, leaving his name in history. According to Records of Historical Records and Biography of Huo Zhi, after the State of Qin destroyed the State of Zhao, the immigration policy was implemented. At that time, many people bribed officials, refused to move and asked to stay where they were. Only the wealthy businessman Zhuo asked to move to the remote Wenshan. He took a fancy to the fertile land, rich products, simple folk customs, residents keen on buying and selling, and good business development.

A few years later, Zhuo became a world-famous rich man. This concept of both serving time and choosing a place was accepted by later businessmen.

Yangzhou, Jiangsu, the capital of Huaizuo and the best place for Zhu Xi, is located at the north-south crossroads, with developed transportation, convenient water transportation and frequent cargo exchanges. Its land is rich in tea, salt, silk and silks, and many businessmen come in droves. At that time, businessmen from the Qin Dynasty and Shanxi Province settled here.

The famous Huizhou merchants started from here and dominated the rivers and lakes. Second, buy when it is cheap and sell when it is expensive. Fan Li and Bai Gui, the ancestor of Shang Dynasty, believe that it is cheap to buy expensive; It's expensive when it's expensive.

It is emphasized that businessmen should be good at catching business opportunities, seize opportunities and seize the opportunity to buy and sell. The profit of business comes from the difference between buying and selling.

Once you find the right time to buy and sell, you should make a decisive decision like a wild animal. In Wei Wenhou, China people pay attention to farming, while Bai Gui is willing to observe the changes of the times.

When the harvest is good, he buys grain and sells silk paint. When silk came on the market, he bought a lot of silk and sold grain.

He once said: I am as resourceful in business as Yi Yin and Jiang Taigong; In judgment, it is no less than Sun Bin and Wuqi; In law enforcement, it is no less than Shang Yang. Some people's wisdom can't improvise, their courage can't be decisive, their kindness can't be chosen properly, and their stubbornness can't stick to principles.

Therefore, after such a person has learned from me, I will not teach him how to run a business. This passage fully expounds his punctuality and wisdom in grasping the opportunity of buying cheap and selling expensive.

Bai Gui's business principles and experience were praised by later businessmen. He used his own business strategy and carefully managed it, so that his family was exhausted.

Thirdly, from the end, it is known that Gou Jian, the King of Yue who predicted to make money in the Spring and Autumn Period, was ashamed of the death of his country by snow and worked hard all day. When he learned of the drought in Wu, he bought a lot of grain from Wu. In the second year, Wu was short of food, and people's lives were difficult. The hungry people had no food to eat and complained, so the State of Yue took the opportunity to rise up and destroy the State of Wu.

Hard work pays off. The King of Yue eventually became the overlord, ranking among the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period.

Here, Gou Jian, the King of Yue, did a great thing. The wealth he created is not a treasure, but the hegemony of a country and the world. It is a successful example of the political application of the merchant's way.

According to records, a fire broke out in Lin 'an City in Song Dynasty, which damaged fish ponds. A merchant named Pei caught fire in his shop. Instead of putting out the fire, he lured people out of the city with money to buy bamboo tiles, reed rafters and other building materials. After the fire, everything was in a hurry, and building materials were in short supply in the market. At this time, Pei's businessmen took advantage of the situation and made a fortune, earning dozens of times the value of the store and meeting the needs of the market and the people.

Seeing a leopard in a tube, keen observation and accurate judgment are the source of wealth for businessmen, and they are also one of the necessary abilities for businessmen. Fourth, small profits but quick turnover, no one dares to stay expensive. Ji Ran, a pre-Qin business theorist, believed that "expensive is cheap, cheap is expensive" and advocated that "expensive is as cheap as jade"

Sima Qian once said, "Buy for three dollars, buy for five dollars cheaper", that is to say, greedy businessmen can only make a profit of 30%, and businessmen with small profits but quick turnover can make a profit of 50%. According to "Biography of Li Yu", there are three businessmen dealing in the same commodity in the market together. One of them sold at a reduced price, and there were many buyers. They make a lot of money a year, while the other two refuse to sell at a reduced price, resulting in far less profit than the former.

Sean, the counselor of Emperor Gaozu Liu Gang, sold scissors to people during the day and came back to study at night when he was studying in Huangshigong in his early years. Later, he felt that he didn't have enough study time, so he divided the scissors into three classes: upper, middle and lower. The price of first class is unchanged, the middle class is one penny less than the original price and the lower class is two pence less. As a result, it only took half a day, the number of scissors sold was twice as much as usual, the money earned was twice as much as before, and the time spent on study was more than before, so there was a folk proverb: Sean sells scissors-expensive and cheap.

5. Carve red and green, and stay in Yanjing Miscellanies: Shi Jing City Store always talks about the situation, carving red and green, and embroidering golden windows. In some shops, signboards are hung high, and colorful brocade lanterns are lit at the door of every house at night, making the streets look like daytime.

Some shops hang commodity propaganda calligraphy and painting, celebrity calligraphy and painting, which is arty. In order to sublimate the taste of the store and improve the customer's return rate.

There are also some tea shops, restaurants and hotels that specially arrange musical instruments and tell stories to entertain guests. In the noodle restaurant in Hangzhou, Kyoto in the Song Dynasty, as soon as the customer entered the store and sat down, the waiter immediately came over to ask what the customer needed, and the customers all called for instructions.

2. Find some classical Chinese words about doing business, the ancestor of Confucian businessmen, the wise business ancestor, the giant businessman who manages the country, the agricultural wizard Sang Hongyang who is as rich as an enemy, the first richest man in Shen Wansan, the first generation money king of Qiao Zhiyong's red-topped businessman Hu Xueyan, the hardware king Ye Chengzhong, the Shanxi merchants, the Xue brothers, the enlightened wealthy businessmen, and the official exhibition Yuquan, creating a new way, and the salt merchants offer wine to Fan Shikui. There are books about businessmen and business, such as Historical Records.

Books such as Biography of Huo Zhi, Yu Ion, Miscellaneous Notes of Yan Jingjing, Think Tank, etc. all have records of ancient businessmen. Ten secrets of ancient businessmen doing business: knowing the place to win and choosing the place to make money. Sun Tzu's art of war said: those who have the terrain help the soldiers.

Expect the enemy to win, calculate the danger, distance, and go to the general. He who knows this and fights wins, but he who doesn't know this and fights loses.

It can be seen that the terrain is important for combat and it is also necessary for generals to observe. Doing business is like fighting, shopping malls are like fighting, businessmen are like generals with thousands of troops, and wise generals often occupy favorable terrain and eventually win the war.

As a great strategist in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Fan Li knew this well. From a strategist's point of view, he thinks that pottery is an ideal place for goods trade.

So he chose Tao Di as the marketing point. Sure enough, in nineteen years, he became a world-famous woman, and Tao Zhugong's reputation became a household name from ancient times to the present, leaving his name in history. According to Records of Historical Records and Biography of Huo Zhi, after the State of Qin destroyed the State of Zhao, the immigration policy was implemented. At that time, many people bribed officials, refused to move and asked to stay where they were. Only the wealthy businessman Zhuo asked to move to the remote Wenshan. He took a fancy to the fertile land, rich products, simple folk customs, residents keen on buying and selling, and good business development.

A few years later, Zhuo became a world-famous rich man. This concept of both serving time and choosing a place was accepted by later businessmen.

Yangzhou, Jiangsu, the capital of Huaizuo and the best place for Zhu Xi, is located at the north-south crossroads, with developed transportation, convenient water transportation and frequent cargo exchanges. Its land is rich in tea, salt, silk and silks, and many businessmen come in droves. At that time, businessmen from the Qin Dynasty and Shanxi Province settled here.

The famous Huizhou merchants started from here and dominated the rivers and lakes. Second, buy when it is cheap and sell when it is expensive. Fan Li and Bai Gui, the ancestor of Shang Dynasty, believe that it is cheap to buy expensive; It's expensive when it's expensive.

It is emphasized that businessmen should be good at catching business opportunities, seize opportunities and seize the opportunity to buy and sell. The profit of business comes from the difference between buying and selling.

Once you find the right time to buy and sell, you should make a decisive decision like a wild animal. In Wei Wenhou, China people pay attention to farming, while Bai Gui is willing to observe the changes of the times.

When the harvest is good, he buys grain and sells silk paint. When silk came on the market, he bought a lot of silk and sold grain.

He once said: I am as resourceful in business as Yi Yin and Jiang Taigong; In judgment, it is no less than Sun Bin and Wuqi; In law enforcement, it is no less than Shang Yang. Some people's wisdom can't improvise, their courage can't be decisive, their kindness can't be chosen properly, and their stubbornness can't stick to principles.

Therefore, after such a person has learned from me, I will not teach him how to run a business. This passage fully expounds his punctuality and wisdom in grasping the opportunity of buying cheap and selling expensive.

Bai Gui's business principles and experience were praised by later businessmen. He used his own business strategy and carefully managed it, so that his family was exhausted.

Thirdly, from the end, it is known that Gou Jian, the King of Yue who predicted to make money in the Spring and Autumn Period, was ashamed of the death of his country by snow and worked hard all day. When he learned of the drought in Wu, he bought a lot of grain from Wu. In the second year, Wu was short of food, and people's lives were difficult. The hungry people had no food to eat and complained, so the State of Yue took the opportunity to rise up and destroy the State of Wu.

Hard work pays off. The King of Yue eventually became the overlord, ranking among the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period.

Here, Gou Jian, the King of Yue, did a great thing. The wealth he created is not a treasure, but the hegemony of a country and the world. It is a successful example of the political application of the merchant's way.

According to records, a fire broke out in Lin 'an City in Song Dynasty, which damaged fish ponds. A merchant named Pei caught fire in his shop. Instead of putting out the fire, he lured people out of the city with money to buy bamboo tiles, reed rafters and other building materials. After the fire, everything was in a hurry, and building materials were in short supply in the market. At this time, Pei's businessmen took advantage of the situation and made a fortune, earning dozens of times the value of the store and meeting the needs of the market and the people.

Seeing a leopard in a tube, keen observation and accurate judgment are the source of wealth for businessmen, and they are also one of the necessary abilities for businessmen. Fourth, small profits but quick turnover, no one dares to stay expensive. Ji Ran, a pre-Qin business theorist, believed that "expensive is cheap, cheap is expensive" and advocated that "expensive is as cheap as jade"

Sima Qian once said, "Buy for three dollars, buy for five dollars cheaper", that is to say, greedy businessmen can only make a profit of 30%, and businessmen with small profits but quick turnover can make a profit of 50%. According to "Biography of Li Yu", there are three businessmen dealing in the same commodity in the market together. One of them sold at a reduced price, and there were many buyers. They make a lot of money a year, while the other two refuse to sell at a reduced price, resulting in far less profit than the former.

Sean, the counselor of Emperor Gaozu Liu Gang, sold scissors to people during the day and came back to study at night when he was studying in Huangshigong in his early years. Later, he felt that he didn't have enough study time, so he divided the scissors into three classes: upper, middle and lower. The price of first class is unchanged, the middle class is one penny less than the original price and the lower class is two pence less. As a result, it only took half a day, the number of scissors sold was twice as much as usual, the money earned was twice as much as before, and the time spent on study was more than before, so there was a folk proverb: Sean sells scissors-expensive and cheap.

5. Carve red and green, and stay in Yanjing Miscellanies: Shi Jing City Store always talks about the situation, carving red and green, and embroidering golden windows. In some shops, signboards are hung high, and colorful brocade lanterns are lit at the door of every house at night, making the streets look like daytime.

Some shops hang commodity propaganda calligraphy and painting, celebrity calligraphy and painting, which is arty. In order to sublimate the taste of the store and improve the customer's return rate.

There are also some tea shops, restaurants and hotels that specially arrange musical instruments and tell stories to entertain guests. In the noodle restaurant in Hangzhou, Kyoto in the Song Dynasty, as soon as the customer entered the store and sat down, the waiter immediately came over and asked the customer what he needed. He tried his best to avoid making mistakes.

Operator.

3. What are the outstanding politicians and big businessmen in "Ancient Essays on Doing Business"? He also has some noteworthy economic management ideas, such as benefiting farmers and benefiting both agriculture.

According to Records of Historical Records and Biography of Huo Zhi, Fan Li believed that the husband was ill, and the farmer was ill for 20 years and was terminally ill for 90 years. If the disease reaches the late stage, the money will not be earned, and agricultural diseases will not be planted. If you don't go up to 80 or subtract 30, you will benefit from the end of the farm. There is no shortage of peace and harmony, and there is no shortage of ways to govern the country. "The main point above is that the price of food crops is too low, which will harm the interests of farmers. If farmers are damaged and don't work hard, farmland will be abandoned. If the food price is too high, it will harm the interests of industrialists and businessmen. If no one is engaged in business, it will make the economy difficult. If the food price is as low as 20, it will harm farmers, and if the food price is as high as 90, it will harm industry and commerce. If the price of grain is not lower than 30 and not higher than 80, it will be beneficial to agriculture and industry and commerce. If we can "even things out" like this, there will be no shortage of checkpoints and markets. Isn't this the way to govern the country?

As for his use of "late" instead of "industry and commerce" according to the custom since the end of the Warring States period, it was his own change. This point has been pointed out by predecessors. It should also be noted that if the price of grain is limited to not less than 30 and not more than 80, it is said in Yue Jue Ji Shu Ni Neijing that "twenty stones hurt farmers and ninety stones die". The price of this grain per stone is roughly equivalent to the millet price mentioned by Li Kui in the Warring States Period and the valley price in the Han Dynasty. This may also be an example of Han people expressing Fan Li's thoughts with their habits at that time. Nevertheless, these minor changes have not diminished the brilliance of Fan Li's thought that "all benefits will come from the end of agriculture".

When recalling childhood, you can look at the sky with your eyes open and see the details clearly. When I see a little thing, I will carefully check its texture, so I have fun outside of things.

In summer, mosquitoes turn thunder, and privately plan to let a group of cranes dance in the air. If you want it, you will have a thousand, and if you want it, you will have a crane. Look up, Xiang Qiang. Mosquitoes stay in the tent and smoke, making them fly towards the smoke, making them look like white cranes in Qingyun, like cranes in the clouds, and happy.

I often crouch in the concave and convex parts of the earth wall, in the grass on the flower platform, so that it is flush with the platform; If you look closely, you can feel at ease when you wander around with bushes as forests, insects and ants as beasts, convex soil and gravel as hills and concave soil as valleys.

One day, I saw two insects fighting in the grass. When I watched it, it was in full swing. Suddenly, a monster came down from the mountain and fell from the tree, covering a frog. My tongue spit out and both worms swallowed it. I was young and lost in thought, but I was surprised. God decided to catch frogs, whip dozens and drive them out of the hospital.

5. Excerpts from classical Chinese: Carving a boat for a sword [Original] Chu people waded into the river, and the sword fell into the water from the boat, and agreed with the boat, saying, "My sword fell from this."

The ship stopped at the destination, and the Chu people jumped into the water from the marked place to find the sword. The boat works, but not the sword. If you want a sword, isn't it confusing? (From Lv Chunqiu Cha Jin) A Chu man was crossing the river by boat when his sword fell into the water. He carved a mark on the side of the ship and said, "This is where my sword fell."

After the ship landed, he jumped into the water from the marked place to look for the sword. The ship went far, but the sword didn't. Isn't it silly to find a sword like this? Zheng people buy shoes [original] Zheng people who have shoes to buy shoes measure their feet first and then sit on them.

Go to town and forget to fuck it. Having fulfilled his promise, he said, "I forgot to insist."

Instead, it is. The anti-urban strike cannot be realized.

People say, "Why not try?" Yue: "I would rather be reliable than confident." (Han Fei "Han Feizi? And Guo, he wants to buy a pair of shoes. He first measured his feet at home and put them on the seat.

When I went to the market, I forgot to measure. He has got the shoes, and he said, "I forgot my size."

Go home and take your measurements. By the time he came back, the market had already dispersed, and he didn't buy shoes at last.

Someone asked him, "Why don't you try on the size of your shoes with your own feet?" He replied, "I would rather believe in size than my own feet!" " "Waiting for the rabbit [original] Song people have cultivators. There is a factory in Tanaka.

The rabbit broke its neck and died. Stand by and watch because you released this plant, hoping to get the rabbit back.

Rabbits are hard to get, but as a song, they are small fruits. (Han Fei "Han Feizi? Once upon a time, there was a farmer in Song State, and there was a stump in his field.

One day, a rabbit running fast ran into a stump, broke its neck and died. From then on, the farmer gave up farming and waited by the stump every day, hoping to get another rabbit.

Of course, the rabbit didn't wait, but he himself became the laughing stock of Song State.

6. Classical Chinese excerpt "Childlike Fun"

Shen Fu

When I was a child, I could open my eyes to the sun and observe autumn in detail. When I see a little thing, I have to check its texture carefully, so I find pleasure outside things.

In summer, mosquitoes turn thunder, and privately plan to let a group of cranes dance in the air. If you want it, you will have a thousand, and if you want it, you will have a crane. Look up, Xiang Qiang. Mosquitoes stay in the tent and smoke, making them fly towards the smoke, making them look like white cranes in Qingyun, like cranes in the clouds, and happy.

I often crouch in the concave and convex parts of the earth wall, in the grass on the flower platform, so that it is flush with the platform; Look carefully, take shrubs as forests, insects and mosquitoes as beasts, convex ones as hills, concave ones as valleys, and enjoy yourself wandering among them.

One day, I saw two insects fighting in the grass. When I watched it, it was in full swing. Suddenly, a monster came down from the mountain and fell from the tree, covering a frog. My tongue spit out and both worms swallowed it. I was young and lost in thought, but I was surprised. God decided to catch frogs, whip dozens and drive them out of the hospital.

I recall that when I was a child, I could open my eyes to the sun (my eyesight was excellent), and I carefully observed the very slender feathers that birds grew back in autumn. When you see a tiny thing, you must carefully observe its texture, so that you can often feel the pleasure beyond the thing itself.

In summer, mosquitoes make thunderous sounds. I compare them to cranes flying in the air. When I think about it, hundreds of mosquitoes have become cranes. I looked up at them and even my neck became stiff. I also let mosquitoes stay in the undyed curtains and slowly spray smoke on them, so that mosquitoes can fly and scream at the smoke. As a landscape of white crane in Qingyun, it really resembles the sound of cranes on the edge of Qingyun, which makes me feel extremely happy.

I often squat down where the earth wall is uneven and where there are many flowers, so that my body is as high as the flower bed; After careful observation, I regarded the bush as a forest, insects and ants as wild animals, the protruding part of the clod as a hill and the sunken part as a valley. I visited the world happily and contentedly.

One day, I saw two bugs fighting in the grass, and I was very interested in observing. Suddenly, a huge monster came down from the mountain and fell from the tree. It turned out to be a toad. As soon as its tongue spit out, both worms were swallowed by it. I'm so young, I'm so absorbed in it that I can't help screaming in fear. After a pause, he caught toad, whipped him dozens of times and drove him to another yard.