Why was Tianjin called Tianjin Wei before?

Tianjinwei 1. 1 "Five Miscellaneous Places"

Speaking of the old city of Tianjin, some old people call it "Abacus City", which is said to be named because the Tianjin City built in the second year of Yongle (1404) is rectangular. The walls of Tianjin have been rebuilt three times. The first time was in 1586 (the 14th year of Wanli in Ming dynasty), the second time was in 1674 (the 13th year of Kangxi in Qing dynasty), and the last time was in the 3rd year of Yongzheng (1725). There is a moat around the wall of Tianjin.

There are still people who call Tianjin "Tianjinwei". In fact, Tianjin Wei came from the Ming Dynasty, when Tianjin was a military castle. In the Ming Dynasty, three guards were set up around Tianjin, namely Tianjin Guard, Tianjin Left Guard and Tianjin Right Guard, and the three garrison headquarters were located in the city. Its main functions are building city walls, defending cities, supervising and protecting grain transportation, building and defending granaries, cultivating fields and military training. After the Ming Dynasty moved its capital to Beijing, Tianjin became the gateway of the capital.

After 1644, the Qing dynasty, which entered the customs and seized power, merged Tianjin Sanwei, which was established in the Ming Dynasty, into Tianjin Wei. 1725 (the third year of Yongzheng), the Qing government changed Tianjinwei, which had been established for more than 300 years, into Tianjin Prefecture. Health is a military unit and the state is an administrative organization. So the establishment of the country completely changed the old military castle system in Tianjin. Six years later, the Qing court approved the invitation of the governor of Zhili and promoted Tianjin to Tianjin.

From 65438 to 0840, the western powers forced the Qing government to open five cities along the southeast coast, such as Shanghai and Guangzhou, as trading ports, and began to export commodities and infiltrate culture into China. After the Second Opium War, Tianjin was forced to open a port for trade. As a coastal city, Tianjin has become an important commercial port for import and export trade in the northern region.

1860 After Tianjin opened for trade, British, French, German and Italian concessions were established in Tianjin in turn according to the Tianjin Treaty. Before the 20th century, there were five concessions in Tianjin, the area of which was more than twice that of the old city. By 19 15, Tianjin had eight concessions, namely, Britain, France, Germany, Japan, Russia, Italy, Austria and Belgium, with a total area four times that before the 20th century and eight times that of the old city of Tianjin.

1902 After Yuan Shikai took over Tianjin, with the continuous expansion of concessions in various countries, he decided to develop the area north of Haihe River, which is closest to Zhili Governor's Office, so as to connect the old city with the concessions in the east and south of the city, trying to form a city scale adjacent to the old city, the new city and the concession.

Tianjin has always been a "chasing the last" city. /kloc-Before the middle of the 0/9th century, the residents inside and outside Chengdu were mostly industrial and commercial households. Tianjin's numerous immigrants and the prosperity of industry and commerce determine that its residents are "mixed on five sides", so Tianjin people are different from the mainland residents of ancient cities based on natural economy, and from the residents of political metropolises who are attached to bureaucrats and rentier classes. They have formed their own characteristics in the social environment of Sino-foreign economic and trade exchanges and cultural integration.

In the Old Records of Tianjinwei, Tianjin people are described in this way: there is a dispute between virtue and shame, and the people take the lawsuit as simple. Recently, the five parties have mixed up, and the people are chasing the end. Litigation is prosperous, and practice is extravagant. "Continued Tianjin County Records" says that Tianjin folk customs are "full of ancient heritage". "Five Miscellaneous" means that Tianjin is an immigrant city; "The last one is public" means that Tianjin is developed in commerce; "Inheriting from ancient times" is the inheritance of history.

There are more or less traces of westernization in the personality characteristics of Tianjin people. Due to the economic, transportation and cultural exchanges from the south to the north, Tianjin people in ancient Zhao Yan area are uninhibited and gentle and delicate at the same time. At the same time, due to the establishment of the concession, western culture left a deep imprint in modern Tianjin.