The origin of Zhuang nationality? The origin of Zhuang nationality?

The Zhuang nationality originated from "Xi 'ou" and "Luo Yue" recorded in the historical records of the Han nationality in the pre-Qin, Qin and Han dynasties, and was rewritten as "Zhuang" in 1965. Zhuang people are distributed in 3/kloc-0 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government, mainly living in the south, starting from Lianshan Zhuang and Yao Autonomous County in Guangdong Province in the east, Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province in the west, congjiang county in Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture in Guizhou Province in the north and Beibu Gulf in the south. Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region is the main distribution area of Zhuang nationality.

The origin of Zhuang nationality

"Xi 'ou" and "Luo Yue" who lived in Lingnan area recorded in the historical records of the Han nationality in the pre-Qin, Qin and Han dynasties were the most direct ancestors of Zhuang nationality.

In the pre-Qin period, there was a nation called Baiyue, which was widely distributed in China from the south of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River to the southeast coastal areas. Xi 'ou and Luojia, which are located in Guangdong and Guangxi today, are one of them. At that time, they were still in the development stage of clan and tribal society.

In 22 1 BC, after Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, he sent Wei Tusui to lead a 500,000-strong army to March into Lingnan in five ways. In Yuechengling area, he met with strong resistance from Ou people. In 2 14 BC, Qin Shihuang sent Shi Lu to lead soldiers to open the mausoleum area and pay grain to transport soldiers. Since then, Qin Jun defeated the Xi 'ou people, unified the Lingnan area, and established Guilin, Nanhai and Xiangshan counties in Lingnan, formally bringing the area under the rule of the central dynasty.

According to archaeological data and historical records, Xi 'ou people and Luoyue people have used bronze and iron at this time and started to enter the civilized era. Especially the Ou people, under the leadership of the leader Yi, have been able to cope with hundreds of thousands of battles in several years by using the familiar jungles and mountains, forcing them to be puzzled for three years, which shows that the social organizations of the Ou people have been quite developed and can operate effectively, and have entered the era of tribal alliances or chiefdoms.

At that time, in order to ensure the military logistics supply of the southern expedition to Lingnan and defeat the resistance of the Ou people, Qin Shihuang also sent Lu Jian to build a "Lingqu" in northeast Guangxi to connect Hunan and Lishui.

The construction of Lingqu greatly facilitates the traffic between the north and south of Wuling and is conducive to the economic and cultural development of Lingnan area. After the Qin Dynasty unified Lingnan, a large number of Han people moved to Lingnan and lived with the Yue people. Since then, the political, economic and cultural ties between Ou people and Yue people and the people of all ethnic groups in the mainland have become closer, which has played a positive role in the further development of Yue people's society in western Lingnan.

From the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the indigenous people in Lingnan area were called "Wuhu", "Li", "Liao" or "",and they were descendants of Ou and Luo Yue. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was war in the Central Plains and social unrest. Many wealthy families moved to Lingnan to avoid chaos, which promoted the development of feudalism in Lingnan.

Influenced by it, Liao Li, a nobleman living in Lingnan, has always dominated the whole country, resulting in some "big surnames" that are "better than rural songs" in Lingnan indigenous ethnic society. Such as sorghum Hepu Xianshi, Qinzhou Hepu Ningshi, Guizhou Lishi, sorghum Huangshi, etc., are all famous indigenous surnames in Lingnan during this period. They have the wealth of "a land of thousands of miles, a land of more than ten thousand handmaiden, and a land of treasure". At the same time, there are a large number of poor and even "father and son are slaves for generations" ordinary workers in society.

First, the most popular surname in Gaoliang area since Qin and Han Dynasties. In the early years of Liang Datong in the Southern Dynasties, Mrs. Xian married a Han family that moved southward, highlighting the Taishou, with 654.38+10,000 tribes. She was wise and resourceful since she was a child, and she was able to appease the people's hearts, and compiled a series of Baiyue and Han immigrants who moved south. In the Sui Dynasty, she was rewarded by Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty and made a princess. Mrs. Xian has made great contributions to safeguarding national unity and local peace and is admired by future generations.

During the Tang and Five Dynasties, the ancestors of Zhuang nationality still called Li, Liao and Wuhu. However, there are also clan names named after regions or clan names, such as Xiyuanman, Huangdongman, Dongnongman and Dongman. After the Song Dynasty, there have been some new changes in Zhuang appellation, such as "collision", "spreading soil" and "natives".

After the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, it was translated into "_", and some people claimed to be Zhuang, Nong, Lang, Tu and Sha. These appellations were originally regional, but in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the appellation of "Zhuang" appeared widely in Guangxi and western Guangdong, and became the most common national appellation of Zhuang nationality. 1952 is collectively called "Tong". 1965 was rewritten as "Zhuang".

What festivals do Zhuang people have?

Zhuang people have festivals such as "March 3" Song Festival, "Niu Soul Festival" and "Central Plains Festival". There are several regular folk song gatherings of Zhuang nationality every year, among which "March 3rd" is the most grand. The "Cow Soul Festival" is also called "Cow King Festival" and "Seedling Opening Festival". The Mid-Autumn Festival on July 14th of the lunar calendar is also called Ghost Festival and Ancestor Festival. Its main contents are ancestor worship and ghost worship.

1, "March 3rd" is the biggest folk song gathering of Zhuang people. Zhuang nationality has always been famous for its energetic songs. Zhuang folk songs are rich in form and content, with two or three sentences, three or four sentences and even more. Seven words and waist rhyme are popular. Zhuang songs are characterized by being good at touching the scene, comparing people with things, and singing vivid and touching lyrics in the form of guessing questions.

2. The "Ox Soul Festival", also known as the "Ox King Festival", is held on the eighth day of the fourth lunar month. According to the legend of Zhuang nationality, Niu Wang was originally a god, who was sent by the jade emperor to help people cultivate. The Zhuang people are grateful for its contribution, so they sacrifice the ox soul on the birthday of the ox king. On this day, every household will wash and dress the cows, trim the cowshed, bring a basket of five-color glutinous rice and a bunch of fresh grass to the edge of the cowshed to sacrifice the cow soul, and then give half of the grain and fresh grass to each farm cow.

3. The Mid-Autumn Festival on July 14 of the lunar calendar, also known as Ghost Festival, is mainly for ancestor worship and ghost worship. On this day, every household will kill chickens and ducks, steam cakes to make buns, and cut all kinds of colored paper into four seasons underwear for sacrifice. During the day, I worship my ancestors at home, and when it is dark, I go to the foot of the mountain and the river for a wild sacrifice, burn incense and candles, and burn paper clothes to pray for wild ghosts not to do bad things.