History of Salt Industry in Haifeng Town Site

During the Spring and Autumn Period, Guan Zhong, Minister of Qi State, suggested that Qi Huangong should "cook the sea for salt", develop salt industry and dominate the world with the benefit of fish and salt. Huanghua is located in the north of Qi, and the salt industry started. During Qin Shihuang's reign, Liu Xian County (more than ten miles southeast of Yang Er Zhuang, near Haifeng Town today) was built because of its rich fish salt. In the first year of Yuanfeng in the Western Han Dynasty (1 10 BC), Sang Hongyang was a captain in charge of millet. Please appoint 37 officials from the Ministry of Agriculture to be stationed in counties and cities with high salt production in China. Only 38 salt officials have been set up nationwide to manage salt affairs. Zhangwu County, Bohai County (north of Guxian Village, Huanghua City) is the earliest county to set up salt officials. At present, salt people in Haifeng Town have cooked salt on a small scale, and salt transportation mainly depends on waterways. During the Wangmang period (A.D. 14-23), sea immersion occurred on the west coast of Bohai Sea. "It's raining in the sky, the northeast wind, the excessive sea water, going out to the southwest, sleeping for hundreds of miles, and the land of Jiujiang has gradually been paved by the sea." Jiuhe River Basin includes Tianjin, Ninghe River and Huanghua Belt today. Seawater flooded for about 100 years, and salt industry and agriculture were destroyed. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Gaocheng, Bohai County was 100 miles northeast, drifting in the north (near Haifeng Town, Huanghua City) and facing the huge sea in the east. People boil sea water with salt and live on it. By 1800 years ago in the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was a grand occasion of "cooking the sea and smoking it out", and the raw salt produced was sent to Chang 'an, the capital at that time.

In the first year of Jianxing in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (AD 3 18), the Emperor of the Later Zhao sent Wang Shu to cook salt in Jiaofei City (Liu County, where the city was originally located, that is, Haifeng Town Village), and the scope of cooking salt was equivalent to that in the coastal salt field of Huanghua today and in Haixing County today (as recorded in Water Mirror Note). In the third year of Yongxi in the Northern Wei Dynasty (AD 534), salt was cooked by the sea in Cang, Ying, Qing and You, and Cangzhou was the most prosperous, with as many as 1484 furnaces (such as 4884 in the New Records of Yanshan Mountain). Most of the furnaces in Cangzhou were near Haifeng Town in Huanghua City today. At that time, the main waterway for transporting salt was Liuhe (Fengzhen, facing the sea in the north). Fly over the bend to the city (now Haifeng Town), southwest through Yang Er Zhuang, west to Zhangwu County Zhisuo (now Guxian Village, Huanghua City), then through Gaocheng County Zhibei (now Zhaocun Village, the ancient city of Yanshan Mountain), west to the boundary of Zhangzhou, and then through Luchang (now Cangzhou City), to Zhangshui and Hengershui. Land from Yang Er Zhuang through Cangzhou and Yingzhou (Hejian) meets as a transshipment point, and it is transported to all parts of the country westward. Tang, Song, Liao and Jin dynasties were the prosperous periods of salt industry in Haifeng Town. Before the Tang Dynasty, salt people in Haifeng Town cooked salt for one kitchen or several kitchens, and the government sent officials to supervise tax collection. Salt and iron resumed monopoly in the middle of Tang dynasty; We set up a salt and iron transshipment ambassador, and Ada, a financial expert, rectified the salt law, successfully transshipped it, and opened up more financial resources. When Emperor Gaozong reopened Wudi River, inland navigation reappeared, salt transportation in Haifeng Town was busy, and ships doing business often blocked the river. At that time, it was named "Shang Tong Town". Liu Changqing, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, once wrote the poem "The late tide is everywhere, and the sails are everywhere", describing the grand occasion of salt industry with many salt fields, merchants, a river full of white waves and sails. On the occasion of Liao and Jin Dynasties, Cangzhou Company set up 9 salt fields, which were not presented until 16 states. Thanks to cooking salt in the river, all states in Saibei ate Cangzhou salt. According to "New Records of Yanshan Mountain", Cangshan Salt began to flourish in Wudian Liao, and Nantian Salt was still north of Quanzhou (when Haifeng Field belonged to Nantian). In the Jin Dynasty, the salt industry in Haifeng Town was more prosperous. The History of Jinshi's Huo Zhi has been published for forty-nine years: "Yidu, the former Binzhou Salt Company, was founded in April of the 13th year of Dading (1 173) and became a Shandong Salt Company. In twenty-one years, Cangzhou and Shandong increased their envy, banned salt, thought about it for a long time or legislated, and later became Haifeng salt ambassadors. ..... just seven salt companies in Shandong, Cang, Baodi, Ju, Jie, Jing and Xijing. " In the 22nd year of Jin Dading (1 18 1), the salt ambassadors of Cangzhou and Shandong merged into Haifeng salt ambassadors. Haifeng Town Salt Field has become the main salt-producing area in Cangzhou and Shandong. From the Yuan Dynasty to the early Ming Dynasty, the salt industry developed greatly, and there were 12 in the south and north under the jurisdiction of Luchang Salt Transportation Department. The North Twelve Games are managed by Qingzhou Branch, and the supervisor calls it the transportation judgment; South 12 parking lot is managed by Cangzhou Branch, and the supervisor is called Express. Haifeng Field belongs to Cangzhou Branch (then Cangzhou Branch was located in Haifeng Town, Yang Er Zhuang Township, Huanghua City), and its scope is adjacent to the sea in the east, connecting with Shenzhen Yinghai Old Field (Suji, Yanshan County), crossing Mengwa to Wuditai in the northwest, and connecting with Li Guochang (now Huanghua City). The household registration of salt people is Cangzhou, Yanshan, Huanghua and Qingxian in Hebei, and Leling and Qingyun in Shandong, which is the heyday in history.

The excavation of Huimin River in Yuan Dynasty cut across and blocked Liuhe River, blocking the salt water pipeline in Haifeng Town. Since then, the wastewater has been diverted, and inland waterway transportation has been replaced by land transportation. Its salt industry once declined, and gradually turned waste into treasure and went to the market. During the Hongwu period in Ming Taizu (1368- 1398), the salt industry went from decline to prosperity. Director of Haifeng Farm was renamed Ambassador of Salt Normal University, and the factory was located in Yang Er Zhuang, Huanghua City. According to "New Records of Yanshan Mountain", Cangzhou was transported to Zhuangdong Street, Yang Er in the early Ming Dynasty, and governed the 12th South Division. In the battle of Jingnan, salt prisoners were killed while preventing the Yanjun from going south, and all the fields in Nansi were abandoned, which led to the great decline of salt industry, which led to the "people's livelihood" in northern Henan. At the beginning of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1403- 1424), immigrants from Shanxi, Shandong, Beijing and Zhejiang moved in one after another, and the fields were rebuilt and restored, with Haifeng field as the largest and the highest yield. After Li Liuxi moved to the west of Hongdong County, Shanxi Province, he watched the grand occasion of salt making in Haifeng Farm, and wrote the book Yang Er Iron Pot (wok: the cauldron of ancient salt making), which described in detail the scale, process and quantity of salt making in Haifeng Farm.

In the first year of Jiajing of Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty (1522), the salt people moved to Hongdong, Fujian and Nanjing, and taught salt drying technology in Haifeng field, which took the lead in easy cooking and beach drying, and opened the way for salt-free areas. According to "Lu Chang Yan Ji", in the first year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty, in Huanghua and Haixing counties of Hebei Province, "there was a Dakou River, which originated in the sea and divided into five streams, between Haifeng and Shenzhou to meet the sea, and the river crossed the southeast. A Fujian man came to tell me that this water can be used to dry salt. Let the chef Gao Chun pick a pool by the river and build it, divide it into three sections, then water it and dry it. In the morning (that is, twelve days), water is dry and salt is frozen. Kitchen households in Haifeng farm in the future will have high altitude and high penetration rate. Seeing that this method is simpler than scraping and frying, they chose a convenient beach by the river and built a pond to dry salt. * * * covers an area of 12 hectare, 80 mu of official land, and 427 beaches have been built. Salt is baked in gold, or sold to Nadine salt officials, or sold to merchants to add bags. " Liu Sixian, the salt messenger of Lu Changyun, asked about the benefits of drying salt, and once reduced the salt process to show encouragement. Unfortunately, this move did not get the attention of the Ming Dynasty, and the reform was slow. However, the comprehensive implementation in the early Qing Dynasty laid the foundation for the development of salt industry. According to the Records of New Records of Yanshan Mountains, the proportion of wok production is only in the ebb tide of Liuhe Tidal Channel, the farmland in Liuhe North and Lijiaqiao in Henan. When Nantian was not merged in the Ming Dynasty, Haifeng was the enemy, connected with Yantian in the northwest and extended into Cangzhou for more than 200 miles. In fact, Haifeng beach is divided into north and south. South Beach is 20 kilometers southeast of Yang Er Zhuang, and there are 20 pairs of beaches, each with L-shaped channels entering the tidal ditch. North beach is located in the northeast of Yang Er Zhuang 17.5km, with 18 beaches and 6 tidal gullies, with an annual output of 5-6 thousand packs of salt (293.5kg per pack). Shi Haifeng Marketing Department is located in today's Zhuangxi Street in Yang Er. In the late Jiajing period, the heavy salt tax caused the salt people to flee, and there was a situation of "no stove, no stove". In every kitchen beach, grass swings are mostly occupied by powerful people. The fields in Luchang Salt Area are depressed, and Haifengtian is almost deserted. In the third year of the Ming Dynasty (1569), Haifuchang was merged into Haifengchang. According to the scale at that time, Huifengtian was a dead field in Luchang salt area, and its salt production ranked first among all fields. 1945, Huanghua County was liberated. The county government organized large-scale salt drying, and opened up more than 200 beaches in Zuozhuang and Xinli, the former Haifeng field. During the period of 1947, Huanghua opened 277 wells and 387 beaches. 1949, after the founding of the People's Republic of China, due to the lack of systematic management and the different shapes and sizes of beaches, the production technology is backward, the productivity is low, the product quality is poor, the labor productivity is low, and the output is low and unstable. The annual output is about 5,000 tons, which can only be supplied to local people. 1952, Huanghua county adjusted the salt industry of the whole county according to the current situation that the output exceeded the sales and the transportation was difficult, and two salt fields were reserved in the original Haifeng field, with 152 sets of beaches. 1957 The country was short of raw salt, and the State Council issued the "Instructions on Restoration, Expansion and Construction of Saltworks". Approved by the State Planning Commission 136, Cangxian Dingju built Huanghua Salt Field in the east of Qizhuang Village, Yang Er Zhuang Township, Huanghua County (as recorded in Lu Chang Salt Records, this place is a famous salt-producing place in ancient and modern times. Hai Toyota was set up in Yuan Dynasty, and its output was the highest in Hebei. The original design is 40 kilometers long from north to south and 20 kilometers wide from east to west, with a total area of more than 750,000 mu. All projects are carried out in two stages. The first phase of the project started in June, 1958, with an investment of13.6 million yuan. /kloc-0 was completed and put into production in the spring of 960, and the beach was opened, covering an area of 1288 mu, divided into one and two fields. After the establishment of the factory, due to transportation difficulties, the backlog of raw salt and the imbalance of the national economy. 196 1 year, Luchang Huanghua Salt Factory began to lay off employees one after another. 1962 all stopped production, leaving only 300 employees to maintain production equipment and deal with salt storage. 1965 resumed production on the basis of the original two plants and gradually formed a scale. It is a medium-sized salt-making enterprise directly under the Luyan Bureau, Minister of Light Industry. 1966 was officially put into production, and 20.6 pairs of beach fields were restored, with a total area of 290 13 mu and a salt production of 7506 tons. In the following 40 years, the salt output of Luchang Huanghua Salt Field increased rapidly year by year by improving production technology and expanding beach area.

In 2006, the total output of raw salt in Luchang Huanghua Salt Field reached 960,000 tons, a record high, ranking third among peers in China. Sea salt transportation has developed from traditional land and water transportation to modern transportation such as sea transportation, road transportation and railway transportation, showing a vigorous development trend.