Cai's surname in Cai's old city.

More than 3,000 years ago, Cai Shu founded the country and Cai Zhong rejuvenated the country. Later generations took the country as their surname, hence the surname Cai. The world's surname Cai, Zugen in Shangcai. Among the hundreds of surnames compiled by the Song people, Cai is listed as 155. According to a recent survey, Cai's ranking has risen to 44th. In Taiwan Province Province, Cai's population ranks eighth. After all, Cai's surname claimed to be Ji's surname in the Zhou Dynasty. "Compilation of surnamed tang's Book Yuanhe's Surname" records: "Cai Shu, the fifth son, was born to Cai Zhonghu, who was sealed by Cai and later destroyed by Chu, and his descendants took the country as their surname." The original surname of the Zhou royal family was Ji, so the surname Cai was also called Ji Cai.

There is a high hill at the west of Shangcai County 1.5km, which is the tomb of Cai Shudu preserved for 3000 years. From the appearance, there is nothing special about the tomb of Xiancai Hou, but it is one size larger than the common tombs in our countryside. There are three stone tablets in front of the tomb, tall and straight, but not many years old. There is a large clearing in front of the stone tablet with an altar on it, which is obviously prepared for the descendants of Cai's ancestors. The cemetery is surrounded by rugged ravines, empty and without trees. In this cold winter in the north, Cai Shudu's tomb looks even more bleak-fortunately, Cai Shudu's cemetery park is already under construction, and people often came to visit him at that time.

Cai, the founding king, was originally a tragic figure. After the failure of the military coup, he was placed under house arrest in the suburbs of Cai. According to the history books, he "moved away and died", and he must also be a person with strong personality. Li, former vice chairman of Shangcai County Federation of Literary and Art Circles, said that in his mind, Cai Shudu is not a villain, and it is also a helpless move to house arrest Cai Shudu. 1997, Li wrote a Henan opera, The Capital of Cai Shu. At the end of the play, Cai Shu was cancelled and taken to prison. Zhou Gongdan personally saw him off. The last sentence is "a long stack of ten-mile pavilions, autumn wind and misty rain, strong wine in the cup, everything goes without saying." Li said, I'm afraid only Cai Shu and I know the true face of history.

The tomb of Cai Zhong, the son of Cai Shudu, is located in the northeast of Cai Du Town, Shangcai County, near Zhoukou to Shangcai Highway. The shape of Cai Zhong's tomb is similar to that of Cai Shudu's tomb, but the scale is slightly smaller. Cai Zhong left a wise image for later generations. He managed his family at the lowest ebb, which laid a solid foundation for Cai Jia's 600-year founding.

Mr. Li said: "Today, the descendants of the Chua family are also divided into two factions. One school respects Cai Shu as the ancestor, while the other thinks that Cai Zhong is more representative and that Cai Zhong is the ancestor of Cai. " This is a new thing. According to my idea, as long as Cai Shu and Cai Zhong are father and son, who is the ancestor is not the same thing! Li also told reporters that there are nine ancient tombs near the tomb of Cai Shudu. Legend has it that it is the tomb of Cai Hou in previous dynasties. Recently, Cai's descendants at home and abroad want to build the tomb of Cai Hou here. There are many Cai's names in history, and some serious scholars have counted the Cai's celebrities listed in Twenty-five History. A * * * has 1 12, ranking about 50 among all surnames. Famous Cai's celebrities include Cai Lun, the inventor of papermaking, Cai Yong, a writer and calligrapher in the Eastern Han Dynasty, the daughter of Cai Yong, Cai Xiang, the builder of Luoyang Bridge in Quanzhou, Cai Yuanpei, a modern educator, and Cai Hesen, a revolutionary pioneer.

The Chua family is a well-known family in Taiwan Province Province, China, ranking eighth among the hundreds of surnames in Taiwan Province Province, with a population of over 600,000.

The Chua family in Taiwan Province Province not only has a large number of people, but also has strong economic strength, and has produced several world-class rich people. According to a survey conducted by Fortune magazine from 65438 to 0989, the Cai Wanlin family in Taiwan Province Province was the third richest man in the world at that time. Cai Wanlin is in charge of the Forest Park Relationship Enterprise Group, with total assets worth more than NT$ 300 billion 10 years ago; Fubon Group, run by his brother Cai Wancai, also has assets exceeding NT$ 654.38+05 billion. Apart from their families, Cai Zhiyong, Cai, Cai Jinji and Cai from Taiwan Province Province are all internationally renowned entrepreneurs, and they all know that their ancestral home is in Shangcai, the Central Plains. According to local comrades, there are not many indigenous Cai surnames in Shangcai County, but the southeast coast of China and Taiwan Province Province are the main settlements of Cai surnames. So how did these descendants of Chua spread at home and abroad?

After reading the history of Cai, you will know that at first Cai moved to other countries because of the persecution of Chu. In Zuo Shi Hui Jian, written by Japanese scholar Zhu Tianguanghong, there is such a comment: Cai Guo was the first to submit to Chu in the Spring and Autumn Period, and Cai Guo was also the most loyal to Chu, but Cai Guo suffered the most persecution, and Cai Guo hit Chu the most ... The previous great migrations of Cai's surname in history were all related to Chu. During the Warring States Period, Cai returned to China in Badong County and Jianchuan County of Hubei Province. Later, Chu developed the south, and the Cai people who had previously moved to Chu moved to Gaocai (now Changde City, Hunan Province) to establish Gaocai. Later, Gao Cai was destroyed by Chu, and some Cai people returned to Yuanshui and moved to Guizhou in the west, scattered in more than 20 counties and cities. They were later called Cai.

During the hundreds of years of Cai's turmoil and national subjugation, with the gradual decline of the country, people drifted around. Some of them went south to Chu and Wu, and some moved to Qin, Jin, Qi and Yan. These Cai people who went to other countries all took Cai as their surname, forming an earlier Cai family. By the time of his demise, Cai Guoren had traveled to today's Hebei, Anhui, Shandong, Shaanxi, Hubei, Hunan, Guizhou, Jiangsu, Jiangxi and other places. However, at that time, most Cai immigrants still lived in Shangcai, Xincaihe (Fengtai County, western Anhui).

According to historical records and records of Cai's genealogy, since then, the migration of Cai's family has merged with the spread of other surnames in the Central Plains. The reason and time of Cai's migration to the south are basically consistent with the four great immigrants in China's history. The first great migration took place in Yongjia period of Jin Dynasty. At that time, the northern minorities invaded the Central Plains, which was called "Five Chaos in China". The Jin dynasty moved its capital to Nanjing, and the aristocratic families in the Central Plains moved south one after another. At that time, the Cai clan in Jiyang County also moved south. They migrated everywhere and finally settled in today's Zhejiang area. Cai Mo, a native of Kaocheng, Jiyang (now civil right), fled troubled times and moved south at this time. Yongjia is the beginning of the large-scale southward migration of Han people in the Central Plains, which has a far-reaching influence on later generations. Therefore, Cai Mo is considered as the representative and ancestor of Cai's family in Jiyang. Today, most descendants of the southern Cai family think that their ancestral roots are in Jiyang County, Henan Province. In their ancestral hall, the plaque of "Jiyang Hall" is still hung.

Jiyang County was in Lankao today, and during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Cai Family was formed here. Cai Yong, a great writer in the Eastern Han Dynasty, was a famous family in Jiyang at that time. After him, there were Cai Mu, A Wei Shangshu of the Three Kingdoms, Cai Mo, the great Stuart of the Jin Dynasty, Cai Xingzong, an official of Liu and Song Dynasties in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and so on. In the early Tang Dynasty, Cai's family celebrities came forth in large numbers and became a famous family in Jiyang in history. Cai is still one of the most popular surnames in Lankao. With several waves of immigration in the history of China, Chua's descendants gradually settled in the coastal areas of the south of the Yangtze River. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the population of China moved frequently. By the Ming Dynasty, there were Cai surnames all over the country. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the planned immigration activities organized by the government also affected Cai's migration throughout the country.

After the Ming and Qing Dynasties, many Cai people in the southeast coastal areas traveled across the ocean to Taiwan Province Province, and even to the Philippines, Singapore and Malaysia.

Mr. Secretary-General of the Historical and Cultural Research Association is very familiar with the history of Cai's emigration to Taiwan Province. According to his research, as early as the recovery of Taiwan Province in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, people named Cai lived on the island. Some of them settled in the local area with the army, while others settled in Taiwan Province from Fujian and Guangdong. According to the Records of Zhangzhou History, there were 48 Cai people who went to Taiwan from seven counties in Zhangzhou during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. After several generations of reproduction, most of the famous houses in downtown Taipei, Jinshan Township, Wanli Township and Keelung City belong to the Cai family.