Research status of development strategy of immigrant villages

On May 20 19, "Several Opinions on Establishing Land Spatial Planning System and Supervising its Implementation" marked the basic formation of the "four beams and eight pillars" system designed at the top of China's land spatial planning system, and the third land survey in various provinces was also in full swing. The basic information of natural resources such as mountains, rivers, fields and lakes is the basis of national spatial planning, and all localities require that the information system be basically completed and uploaded before the end of 20 19. At the same time, the basic research work of provincial land spatial planning has been carried out one after another, and the design institute has been entrusted to complete about 20 special studies, which indicates that the county-level spatial planning will be fully carried out in 2020. From the recent video conference held by the provincial natural resources department, it was learned that the county-level basic research and village planning classification are also being carried out step by step in accordance with the unified deployment. It is expected that after June this year, the township-level village planning will be carried out after the comprehensive classification assessment. At present, there are 34 provincial administrative regions in China, including 23 provinces, 5 autonomous regions, 4 municipalities directly under the Central Government and 2 special administrative regions, with a total of 690,000 administrative villages. Village planning will be the one with the largest base and the largest number of air crashes in land and space planning. As the most basic administrative unit, the development conditions of villages in China are different, the climate and environmental conditions are obviously different between the north and the south, and the economic development level between the east and the west is obvious. The administrative villages under the jurisdiction of a prefecture-level city in the east are also ever-changing because of industrial development and population scale, just like the natural village groups or squares of an administrative village are different. Therefore, under the background of land and space planning, village planning can not be across the board, pulling the development model of the east to the west and using the horse head wall on the prairie. This situation must be solved in the new round of land space planning, which also puts forward a more arduous task for planners and realizes the social responsibility of "remembering homesickness".

The new land and space planning advocates social participation. With the efforts of scholars, experts and planners, villagers' participation is indispensable. Letting villagers decide the future development path of their villages will be the core of people-oriented planning. Villagers were born in the village, and even in the village, they will never leave the village where they were born and raised. Even if they work in other places or far away from home, they will always remember that "homesickness". As the main body of village planning, farmers should also know how to plan (for more information, please visit www.bnmun.com to learn how to participate in planning). Only by participating in the planning can they contribute to the development of their villages and make their villages develop better.

According to the relevant requirements of the Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Reform of Property Right System of Natural Resources Assets as a Whole issued in April 20 19, in the new round of land space planning, villages will further separate the ownership, contracting right and management right of contracted land, and carry out the shareholding and mortgage of management right. Explore the separation of ownership, qualification and use right of homestead. The information of the three rights will also be incorporated into the unified management of the information management platform to protect the rights and interests of farmers. At the same time, according to the information data of the "Three Tunes" and the basic research data such as development conditions, it is mainly divided into four categories: agglomeration villages, towns and villages, characteristic protection villages and relocation villages.

First,? Gather and upgrade villages.

This kind of village is the village with the largest base and outstanding scale effect at present, mainly the central village and the village with development and gathering. According to the survey, such villages are generally located in areas with flat terrain and few natural disasters, and are generally located within 3 kilometers of the periphery of towns and villages. Public service facilities can be partially shared with the township or other towns, and the effect of large population agglomeration is obvious; Or located along the main roads, which can be driven by traffic advantages; The other is a village with a high degree of industrial development or a large area, which forms a certain industrial advantage.

In the planning of gathering and upgrading villages, we should combine the existing development status and advantages of villages with our own advantages to locate the development direction of villages and avoid its adverse impact on facilities and industrial layout. According to the present situation, the scale of village development can be further expanded, but the carrying capacity of village development should also be considered to avoid the destruction of ecological environment caused by over-exploitation, which requires that the development potential of village development should be considered in advance in the preliminary investigation and "double evaluation".

In the process of planning implementation, we can promote the transformation and upgrading of village quality, activate village industry, optimize living environment, support infrastructure and control rural landscape according to development orientation. At the same time, these villages with better economic conditions should avoid building villas and destroying the village style with foreign buildings.

Second,? Integrate into the village in the city

These villages are located in the suburbs of the city or in the urban planning area, and some of them are villages within one kilometer of well-developed towns. These villages basically have the development conditions to become the back gardens of cities, and they can fully enjoy the public facilities and infrastructure of cities and towns. This year, with the increase of migrant population and the increase of urban housing cost, some urban workers regard these villages as the first choice of refuge, which also brings great pressure to the infrastructure, social governance and environmental sanitation of these villages. Judging from the available data, these villages have developed rapidly in recent ten years, and the disorderly expansion of village scale has become an urgent problem for these villages, and the infrastructure such as fire fighting and sewage disposal needs to be solved urgently. This requires a comprehensive evaluation of village construction and farmland occupation, especially the occupation of basic farmland and ecological areas in the "double evaluation", providing effective evidence for government departments to manage according to historical data, resolutely implementing "three-line" protection and clearing illegal occupation, and implementing planning control functions.

In the planning of such villages, it is necessary to combine the development needs of towns with the connection of village infrastructure and public service facilities to improve the comprehensive management level of cities, especially the introduction of urban and rural public transport and rail transit can promote the transformation and development of villages; Village construction and style control still need to be controlled according to village planning standards, and self-built houses and color steel houses with more than two floors are strictly restricted. Relevant government departments also need to carry out inspection and management according to the registration information of residential property rights.

Third,? Characteristic protection village

At present, the first round of village planning for this kind of villages has been basically completed nationwide, mainly including historical and cultural villages rich in nature, culture, history and resources, traditional villages, characteristic villages in ethnic minority areas and tourist villages. According to the existing survey, these villages have outstanding characteristics. However, with the rise of tourism this year, the destruction of some villages under the pretext of development cannot be ignored. The commercial operation benefits drive many villages into artificial scenic spots, and the phenomenon that the original residents can't bear harassment and move out of the village is often seen in newspapers. At the same time, there are also some protected villages with good ecological environment and good human landscape protection. However, due to various factors such as lagging infrastructure, slow industrial development or harsh natural environment, young people move out of villages and become left-behind villages or hollow villages.

Based on the development status of such villages, planning should pay attention to the interactive relationship between overall planning, protection, development and utilization, and pay attention to the continuity and authenticity of the village context while maintaining the characteristics and integrity of the village. Putting protection in the first place, the need to improve living conditions can be combined with the use of new materials to solve the human settlement problem.

Fourth,? Village relocation and revocation

Relocation villages are mainly villages with scattered living, harsh natural environment and frequent natural disasters. The population loss in these villages is serious and the cost of infrastructure construction is high. After evaluation, villages that are not suitable for living can be moved to the central village, or moved to towns or cities through policy support such as "increase and decrease linkage" and "ecological migration". There are many such villages in the mountainous valley of the central and western regions, especially in the western region. Because of poor infrastructure conditions, the villagers live in scattered places, which increases the cost of infrastructure construction. Moreover, the industries in the villages are small, and relying on the weather to eat is the main source of villagers' income. This year, the population loss in these villages is much greater than that in other villages. After evaluation and development, such villages can only get rid of poverty and become rich if they move from other places.

Support policies for relocated villages have also been improved, and the state has issued a series of policy plans, such as requiring the relocation and merger of villages, strictly restricting new construction and expansion activities, and making overall consideration of the construction of infrastructure and public service facilities in relocated or newly built villages. Adhere to the combination of village relocation and merger with new urbanization and agricultural modernization, rely on suitable areas for resettlement, and avoid building new isolated village immigrant communities. After the relocation and merger, the original site of the village will be reclaimed or afforested according to local conditions to increase the ecological space for rural production.