Explain how the Jiangnan area of China changed from the Western Han Dynasty to the Southern Dynasties.

Population growth, economic development and civilization progress. During the Western Han Dynasty, the economy in the south of the Yangtze River was relatively backward and had not been fully developed. After the development of the Three Kingdoms, the Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the economy of the south of the Yangtze River developed and became a rich area. It reflects the trend of China's economic center of gravity shifting from north to south since the end of Han Dynasty.

Reason:

1, after the Western Han Dynasty, wars broke out in the northern and central plains, including the overthrow of Wang Mang, the Yellow turban insurrectionary, the scuffle at the end of the Han Dynasty, the dispute between the Three Kingdoms, the Eight Kings Rebellion and the Five Rebellions in China. People were displaced and suffered greatly. Coupled with frequent natural and man-made disasters, people have to move south in order to avoid this seemingly endless disaster, which makes the population in the southern region increase rapidly.

2. During the China Chaos, the northern regime practiced a system of discrimination and slaughter of Han people, which caused a large number of Han people in the north and the Central Plains to move southward.

3. A large number of Han people from the north and the Central Plains moved to the south, which brought advanced farming and textile technology to the people in the south of the Yangtze River, which made the agriculture and commerce in the south of the Yangtze River develop rapidly and provided a material basis for the rapid economic development in the south of the Yangtze River.

4. The regime of Jin Dynasty and Han Dynasty moved south, and the political center of Han nationality moved south. The government implemented a series of policies to develop production, in order to compete with the north for accumulated strength, and created favorable political conditions for the economic development of the south of the Yangtze River.

Since the end of Han Dynasty, a large number of northern gentry moved south, bringing advanced culture to the south of the Yangtze River.

6. Since the Wu State in the late Han Dynasty, the northern region, the Central Plains, Wu Chu and Bashu regions in the south have suffered from repeated wars, and only Jiangnan region is relatively stable, which also provides a favorable external environment for the economic development of Jiangnan.

Jiangnan in the Western Han Dynasty was still in the stage of extensive farming, with backward production methods and low economic and cultural level. It was not until the Eastern Han Dynasty that the economy and culture of Jiangnan made progress. Later, Jiangnan's economy further developed at a faster speed, and the development speed exceeded that of the Central Plains. This situation is the result of the continuous development and evolution of history.

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, many heroes rose together, Zhongzhou was troubled, and the Central Plains was in frequent wars. People in the Central Plains live in dire straits and cannot engage in normal production and life. In order to seek a more stable place to live, there has been a large-scale migration tide from the Central Plains to the south of the Yangtze River, which is called "avoiding chaos in the south of the Yangtze River" in history. This migration brought Jiangnan the most advanced technology, agriculture and handicraft technology in the world, as well as a large number of labor and sufficient funds.

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the three countries were divided, the war in the north continued, and the south was relatively stable. The major wars of the Three Kingdoms, the Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties all took place in the north, and basically did not spread to the south of the Yangtze River. For example, the famous battles of Guandu, Chibi and Mud Water all took place in the north, and there was no stable production environment in the north. It is the stable environment in the south that guarantees the economic development in the south.

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the rulers began to develop water conservancy in the south of the Yangtze River. The magistrate of Huiji really managed the "Mirror Lake", built ponds to store water in Huiji and Yinshan, and adjusted the water quantity at any time according to the flood and drought situation. Therefore, there are no more bad years, and the dike pond is 3 10 miles, with more than 9,000 hectares of irrigated fields. This is a large-scale water conservancy project. Later, some rulers in Jiangnan also took measures to develop the economy. For example, during the Three Kingdoms period, Shu Han realized tax reduction. Jiangnan also reversed the backward agricultural production situation with primitive farming techniques. Emperor Wu of the Southern Dynasties paid more attention to developing production and reducing the burden on farmers. The development of water conservancy, the improvement of production technology and the support of rulers have created good conditions for the rapid development of Jiangnan economy. It can be said that Jiangnan ushered in unprecedented development after the Eastern Han Dynasty. It is a series of conditions that have contributed to the economic and cultural development of Jiangnan, and I think the above three points are the most important reasons.

With the economic progress, the cultural outlook of Jiangnan has also taken on a new look. After such a historical process, the cultural gap between Jiangnan and the Central Plains began to narrow, and the degree of civilization in Jiangnan was significantly improved, which prepared the conditions for the later shift of the national economic and cultural focus to the southeast.

Reasons for the development of southern economy ① During the Three Kingdoms period, Wuding was the capital of Jianye, and the southern political center appeared, which promoted the development of southern economy. After the war in Surabaya, the north and the south confronted each other and the south was relatively stable. Some regimes in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern Dynasties carried out many reforms that were beneficial to economic development, such as the rectification of political economy by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.

(2) The uprisings of Sun Si and Lu Xun dealt a heavy blow to the foot soldiers in the south and adjusted the land ownership and class relations in eight counties in the southeast. Some land was returned to the working people, and the identities of some tenant farmers, "Le Shu", "handmaiden" and soldiers were improved or liberated, which played an important role in social and economic recovery and development.

(3) During the decades before and after the establishment of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, millions of people from the Central Plains flocked to the south. Among the people from the north and the south, there are many farmers, who are the main labor force to develop the south, whether they are dependent population of the landlord's manor or farmers.

(4) With the population of the Central Plains moving southward, advanced production tools and technologies spread rapidly, cattle sowing technology was widely promoted, and two cows were used to fight, deep ploughing, manure fields and iron tools were widely promoted and used, and the southern economy was developed.