How to pronounce Sichuan dialect with words?

Sichuan dialect, also known as Bashu dialect, belongs to southwest mandarin of Chinese. Today's Sichuan dialect was formed in the great migration movement of "Huguang filling Sichuan" during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, and it was gradually evolved and merged from Sichuan dialect popular before the Ming Dynasty and immigrant dialects in Huguang, Guangdong and Jiangxi.

Chengdu dialect is the standard pronunciation of Sichuan opera and various folk arts. At the same time, due to the high internal interoperability of Sichuan dialect, communication between dialect areas is barrier-free and there is no standard pronunciation. 、

Sichuan dialect has five tones, namely, flat tone, rising tone, rising tone, falling tone and entering tone. In some areas, the entering tone of Sichuan dialect has disappeared, but all the entering tone words are uniformly classified into a certain tone category (such as the entering tone level of Chengdu dialect, Zigong dialect and Ya 'an dialect), which is completely different from the northern mandarin with disordered entering tone. According to the statistics of Sichuan Dialect Phonology, among the total 150 dialect points in Sichuan dialect, 48 points have five tones (namely reserved tones), accounting for about one third of the total number of dialect points; However, there are 102 points with four tones, accounting for about two-thirds of the total number of dialect points.

There are 25 initials in Sichuan dialect, including zero initials, and there is no T in Sichuan dialect in most areas. Group initials (roll tongue initials). There are 150 dialect points in Sichuan dialect, among which t? Group A initials only have 26 points, and Dujiangyan and other 7 points only appear in the entering tone, and only with vowels [? ] (xichong is [? ]), only Zigong, etc. 19 (mainly used in the sound entry area) t? The first letter of a group can be spelled with more vowels. At the same time, Sichuan dialect also has some initials that are not found in Mandarin, such as the voiced fricative sound on the tip of the tongue [z] (pronounced Z in English), the voiced fricative sound on the lips and teeth [v] (pronounced V in English) and the voiced nasal sound at the root of the tongue [? ] (English ng pronunciation), voiced nasal sound in front of the tongue [n? ] (Russian pronunciation) and so on.

There are 42 vowels in Sichuan dialect. According to the statistics of Sichuan dialect phonology, among Sichuan dialect 150 dialect points, Qianjiang has the most vowels, totaling 40. Pingshan and Ningnan have the least vowels, 3 1. In addition, there are 32 vowels at 3 o'clock in Rongxian, 33 vowels at 4 o'clock in Meishan, 34 vowels at 5 o'clock in Hongya, 35 vowels at Pengshan 12, 62 vowels at Chengdu, 8 vowels at Dujiangyan and 6 vowels at Shehong.

About one-third of Sichuan dialects have independent tone of entering tone, but the ending of entering tone is not obvious, only Leshan and other places have weak throat tone, but the pronunciation of entering tone words in these areas is still very short and cannot be extended arbitrarily. This is mainly because there are a group of relatively independent vowels in Sichuan dialect that are only used for entering tones, such as [i? 】、【u？ ]、[? ]、[? ]、[? 】, [me? 】、【u？ 】、【c】、【y？ 】、【y？ 】 and so on. These vowels have the phenomenon of tight throat, and the throat muscles and oral muscles are tense when pronounced, thus making the whole syllable appear thick and tight.

It can be seen that in Sichuan dialect with independent entering tone, the entering tone is not only different from other tones in relative pitch, but also develops tight vowels to replace the ending of entering tone.

Therefore, there is a certain pronunciation difference between the ancient Rusheng words in the independent area of Rusheng and the Shusheng area of Sichuan dialect, that is, the elastic opposition of the main vowels.

Due to the long-term influence of * * * homonyms (ancient elegant sounds and modern northern mandarin), Sichuan dialect has produced a literary and colloquial reading system. White tone is usually the inherent sound of Sichuan dialect, which is the inheritance of its own ancient sound; The pronunciation of Chinese is usually close to that of northern Mandarin.

Generally speaking, white sounds mainly appear in high-frequency daily language, while literary sounds mainly appear in written language and new vocabulary. The vernacular phonetic system of Sichuan dialect is also constantly developing and changing. However, in recent decades, due to the single language policy of the China government, the main trend is that colloquialism is more and more dominant, and the colloquialism of some words tends to disappear and become colloquialism.

Tone sandhi in Sichuan dialect is very common, but there are some differences in different places. Taking Chengdu-Chongqing film as an example, tone sandhi in Sichuan dialect can be roughly divided into four categories.

One is the tone sandhi in overlapping words. Generally speaking, if the tone of the words that make up the overlapping words is rising or falling, then the tone change of the second word is falling. At the same time, if the tone of the words that make up the overlapping words is Shang Sheng, then the tone of the second word is Shang Sheng.

Second, the tone sandhi in Er Hua Ci. If the noun of Er Hua is Yang Ping, then the tone sandhi of Er Hua is Yin Ping. If the last word of Hua Er is rising tone, then the tone sandhi of this word is Yin Ping.

Thirdly, the tone sandhi of some words, such as "Qu", "Tou", "Mian" and "Shang", has become "Yin Ping" in most cases. Fourth, the second word of "two words and three words" is changed to negative level in many cases.

Hua Er is a common phonetic change phenomenon in Sichuan dialect (except a small part of Minjiang River). Hua Er in Sichuan dialect is relatively consistent, but it is quite different from northern Mandarin, especially in the number of Hua Er Yun, which is only [? 】, [me? 】、【u？ 】、【y？ ]4, while there are 26 northern mandarin.

Second, although some affixes in Sichuan dialect are also found in Putonghua, their scope of use and additional meanings are quite different. For example, noun affixes in Sichuan dialect can form "bee" (bee), "ear" (fungus), "fist" (sheep) and "cigarette". At the same time, there are some special usages in Sichuan dialect, such as "Fenzi", "Jiaokouzi", "Liangliangzi" and "Jinjinzi", which are composed of quantifiers and affixes. For example, "just give me some coke" means "just give me some coke" in Sichuan dialect.

In addition, the affix "er" in Beijing dialect all appears in the form of rolled tongue sounds, but there are many words with their own syllables in Sichuan dialect, such as Kuer, Cat, Waer, Knife, Steal, Elephant and Guoer. At the same time, the noun affix "Jia" can be used to express the opposition between people in Sichuan dialect, such as "Gu Niang Jia" and "Erwazi Jia", "Woman Jia" and "Man Jia", "Waer Jia" and "extended family" (in this case, the affix "Jia" can also overlap to express contempt, such as "Erwazi Jia". On the other hand, the affix "home" can also indicate time, such as "home in spring", "home in the day" and "going home".

In Sichuan dialect, there are many unique sentence structures that Mandarin does not have. Commonly used sentence patterns only related to the word "de" are "de V/ bu v", "de V/ bu v", "de c /V bu c" and "de c (o)" (v is a verb and c is a complement.

In addition, the unique sentence patterns of Sichuan dialect are: V is all V, V is all V /V is all V /V is all XY, Dao is not X(Y), X is all XY, X is all XY, and X is all XY.