What kind of person is Xiao He?

Xiao He was the prime minister in the early Han Dynasty. Posthumous title's "Wen Hou" is the first in three outstanding heroes of early han dynasty. Assist Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang to establish the Han regime.

Pei County, Surabaya (now Pei County, Jiangsu Province). He used to be the chief official of Peixian County and a pawn official of surabaya county, and his law enforcement did no harm. At the end of Qin Dynasty, Liu Bang rebelled against Qin Dynasty, and Liu Bang entered Xianyang. Xiao He collected the statutes, household registration and geographical atlas of Master Xiang Fu and Master Yu, and let Liu Bang know the distribution of mountains, rivers, population, financial resources and material resources in the world. After Xiang Yu became king, Xiao He persuaded Liu Bang to accept the enfeoffment system, base himself on Hanzhong, support the people, recruit talents, collect taxes from the two counties of Bashu, accumulate strength, and then compete with Xiang Yu for the world. Because of this, he won the trust of Liu Bang and was appointed as Prime Minister. He strongly recommended Han Xin to Liu Bang, thinking that Liu Bang must use Han Xin to win the world. Later, Han Xin's talent in the Chu-Han War proved Xiao He's vision of people. During the Chu-Han War, Xiao He stayed in Guanzhong, settled the people, collected taxes and supplied rations, which supported the battle ahead and provided material guarantee for Liu Bang's final victory over Xiang Yu. After the establishment of the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Bang thought that Xiao He was the first to make contributions and made him a Hou. Later, he was worshipped as prime minister. After Liu Bang's death, he continued to assist Hui Di. On his deathbed, Xiao He recommended Cao Can to succeed to the throne, which ensured the continuity of policies in the early Han Dynasty. But he also helped Lv Hou, killed Han Xin by mistake, and left a story of success, Xiao He and failure, and me. This is obviously the failure of his glorious life ~! But at the same time, it also tells us that no one is perfect, and gold is not enough. In fact, celebrities are not much higher than our realm. They just did something that ordinary people can't do. Because of this, it is enough.

Xiao He's knowledge

Knowledge is knowledge and vision. If you are knowledgeable and discerning, you can judge and appreciate. China people have a long tradition of praising this talent. "Yu Boya Xie Zhiyin plays the piano", "There is Bole in the world, and then there is a swift horse", "A prostitute with big eyes knows heroes" and so on are typical examples of this tradition. The so-called "man-goods algae" that once prevailed in Wei and Jin Dynasties is the charm of this cultural tradition. The ancients in China believed that one of the most important things in life is to know how to appreciate. Appreciate, not judge; Enjoy, not think-this is China people's deep-rooted outlook on life and values. The objects of appreciation are nature, cultural relics, art, and various figures. And a hero, the object of appreciation is not ordinary people, but a rare genius or hero. For this kind of genius or hero, don't focus on his present, but look forward to his future; Not staring at his reality, but aiming at his possibility. If a woman also has this kind of vision and appreciation, we call it a "heroine among women". There are many such heroines in history, such as Zhuo Wenjun, Hongfu, Wu Zetian and Liu Bang's wife Lv Zhi.

Speaking of the genius or hero that Xiao He admired, we naturally think of Han Xin first.

There is a couplet in Han Xin's tomb: "Life and death are bosom friends, and life and death are two women." "Two women" refers to "floating mother" and Lv Hou. The "floating mother" gave food and saved Han Xin's life. Lv Hou designed it and ruined Han Xin's life, so there is a saying that "two women live and die". "bosom friend" is Xiao He. Han Xin said that "success is Xiao He, failure is me", which means the same as "life and death are bosom friends". Because of Xiao He's insight and strong recommendation, Han Xin was able to display his ambition, so Xiao He can be described as Han Xin's confidant. "Xiao He chasing Han Xin under the moon" and "Boya playing the piano to thank her bosom friend" can be compared, and they are both timeless stories.

After the Hongmen Banquet, Xiang Yu claimed to be the overlord of the West Chu, named Liu Bang Hanwang, and made fiefs in Ba, Shu and Hanzhong. When Liu Bang returned to Bashu, Han Xin took the opportunity to abandon Chu to Han and follow Liu Bang. Not surprisingly, Liu Bang didn't expect Han Xin to be so great, so he didn't reuse Han Xin, just "worshipping the Soviet Union". Han Xin, which is in charge of grain and grass supply, is still a "place where heroes are useless". The position of "Su" gave Han Xin the opportunity to contact Xiao He. After several conversations, "He Zhizhi" shows that Han Xin is a global military talent. On the same day, Liu Bang returned to Bashu. In order to confuse Xiang Yu, he took Sean's advice and burned the plank road. Although this puzzled Xiang Yu, it also caused an illusion to Liu Bang's subordinates. Everyone thought that Liu Bang had no ambition and wanted to live in peace and die in Bashu, so he began to walk, and people deserted all the way. At that time, there were dozens of fugitives at the general level alone, and Xiao He didn't take it seriously. Heard that Han Xin also hung up the seal, Xiao He frightened to disgrace. He also forgot to say hello to Liu Bang and immediately rode after him overnight. This is the famous "Xiao He Chasing Han Xin under the Moon". Someone reported to Liu Bang that the Prime Minister had also fled. Liu bang was surprised and angry, such as losing his right hand. In a day or two, Xiao He came back to see Liu Bang. Liu Bang was both happy and angry, swearing: "Xiao He! Even you betrayed me! " Xiao He said, "How dare I betray your majesty? I'll chase the fugitive. " Liu Bang asked, "Who are you chasing?" Xiao He replied: "Han Xin." Liu bang flew into a rage: "the general ran for dozens of miles, but I didn't hear that you wanted to get it back for me." You said all you were looking for was a Han Xin. Who will believe it? " This is not playing with me! "Xiao He said," those second-and third-rate generals, grab a lot casually, it's not worth chasing in Xiao He. Only Han Xin, the "unparalleled national". If your majesty wants to die in Hanzhong, there is certainly no need to reuse Han Xin; But if your majesty wants to compete in the Central Plains, there is no Han Xin! " Some cliches touched Liu Bang. After some efforts, Liu Bang finally made Bill Han "General".

Han Xin was able to display his talents and achieve success by relying on Xiao He's knowledge and vision and Xiao He's words. The ancients said: "There is Bole in the world, and then there is a swift horse. There are often swift horses, but Bole is not often. " Xiao He's appreciation of Han Xin is so keen, his judgment is so accurate, his retention is so sincere, and his recommendation is so hard to supplement! As "rare" in the world, "Bole" can compare with "Maxima" Han Xin?

However, Xiao's greatest hero is not Han Xin, but Liu Bang. It is not difficult to appreciate Han Xin-except Xiao He, Xiang Yu's general Zhong has long known Han Xin's talent, but it is not easy to find Liu Bang. As the western proverb says, there is no hero in the eyes of servants. The servant of the hero and the hero are too close, too familiar, and feel little different from themselves. What a heroic smell! Napoleon once said that his wife would never have imagined that this husband, who always listened to himself and told him to go east, did not dare to go west, could do anything great on the battlefield. God is too close to people, and he himself will be assimilated. From this perspective, there are no heroes in the eyes of fellow villagers. Xiao He and Liu Bang are fellow villagers, so it is difficult to identify Liu Bangke. What's more, Liu Bang really didn't have much "emperor atmosphere" in his early years. According to the biography of Emperor Gaozu, Qin Shihuang once thought that "there was a son of heaven in the southeast", so he took his majesty to tour the East in an attempt to suppress the son of heaven and strangle it in the cradle. The trip was unsuccessful. This shows that the smart officials of the Qin government didn't see the situation clearly at all. They didn't find that Liu Bang, a small place in Peixian County, was actually the "Mr. Right" who would replace Qin Huang in the future.

However, Xiao He must have found and assigned Liu Bang.

I think that Liu Bang was born from humble origins and didn't even have a name. He is just a "good wine and lewd" hooligan in Pei County. Proper relationship became the curator of Surabaya Pavilion on 15. During this period, he used his official position to eat and drink for nothing. Isn't it intriguing that Xiao He should have special respect and admiration for Liu Bang? You know, although Xiao He is just a small official, he is not as mediocre as Sima Qian said, but an excellent local official, so that someone once recommended Xiao He to be promoted to Xianyang. Xiao He, a striking and promising figure, thinks highly of Liu Bang, which can only be explained by his premonition that Liu Ji is not a "thing in the pool". Liu Bang indulged the prisoners privately, and the fugitive Mangdang Shanze took advantage of the Chen Sheng Uprising to kill Pei County. Xiao He did not hesitate to respond to Liu Bang, just as he refused Xianyang without hesitation. Pei Ling was killed, and Xiao He was supposed to be the heir of course, but he supported Liu Bang with one hand, making a street villain and outlaw a famous "Pei Gong" on the battlefield against Qin. Pei Gong later conquered the world and established an immortal inheritance. I'm afraid as early as Xiao He expected!

4. Xiao He's wisdom.

Wisdom means cleverness, wisdom. The so-called "discerning talents" is actually inseparable from wisdom. Eyesight or insight is only the internal intelligence or external expression of wisdom. With intelligence, you can be furious, gain insight into the current situation and identify heroes; With wisdom, you can know yourself, stay awake and advance and retreat. Being able to fight is of course a skill and a talent, but this skill or talent only belongs to the level of "skill"; If you have wisdom, you will step into the level of Tao. Only when you have a brain can you "learn from technology." Xiao He has always been very clever, very different from Han Xin. Han Xin sometimes looks like a genius, sometimes like an idiot, depending on the specific situation; You can stay awake before success, and you will be confused when you are proud; There is no ambition that "people should be like this" or "can take their place", and they don't understand the way of "modest benefits and full losses". Therefore, Han Xin is only "talented" at best, and can never be said to have "wisdom". Xiao He, on the other hand, is a man with both talents, but his talents are displayed in different fields.

For example. On orders from Chu Huaiwang, Liu Bang marched to Xianyang and Qin Dou, occupied Xianyang before Xiang Yu and moved to Qin Gong. At that time, Liu Bang and a group of soldiers who came from the hinterland and worked hard on the pommel horse for a long time were as dazzling as Granny Liu entering the Grand View Garden. Crazy love, the nature of hooligans and robbers can no longer be suppressed, and avalanches break out and get out of hand. All the soldiers "tried to take the government's money and property." Liu Bang, a "good drinker and lustful woman", is now immersed in Qin Gong, enjoying red and green, singing and dancing lightly. What is Xiao He doing at this moment? Xiao He is wise and SHEN WOO, clear-headed, clear-headed and agile. As soon as he entered Xianyang, he immediately took people into the "three public offices", such as the Prime Minister, Qiu, and so on, and swept away all the books, books and decrees, and transported them one by one to the military camp stationed in Ba Shang for preservation. These books contributed greatly to Liu Bang's winning the hearts of the people with his "Three Chapters of the Law". It is said that there are also a number of military geography files in these books, which were later used in the Chu-Han War. Amin scholar Li Zhi commented that Xiao He's move is a sign of natural prime minister materials.

After the Hongmen Banquet, Xiang Yu and Fan Zeng euphemistically called Liu Bang "Hanwang" and sealed his land as "Guanzhong", but in fact they sent Liu Bang to Bashu, a remote, traffic-blocked, economically poor and culturally backward area. It is divided into three parts, it is divided into three parts. He gave the three members of Qin a surrender, locked Liu Bang's fortress in the Central Plains, and made Liu Bang unable to move, as cramped as a pony under an iron shaft. This is the reason why later generations call most of Shaanxi and eastern Gansu today "Sanqin". Xiang Yu's enfeoffment plan had just been released, which led to "unfair princes", and Liu Bang was even more furious. The Hongmen banquet humiliated Liu Bang, and now Xiang Yu is openly bullying his head, which is unbearable! Liu bang immediately called a meeting of his subordinates, ready to throw caution to the wind and Xiang Yu desperately. Fan Kuai, Zhou Bo, Guan Ying and other cronies think that this move is tantamount to throwing eggs at stones, and they have advised Liu Bang not to make a move. Liu bang was too angry to listen. Even Sean, who has always been able to let Liu Bang do whatever he wants, is helpless at the moment.

So Xiao He came. Xiao He disagrees alone, and his words are amazing. Originally, Xiao He sorted out and studied the books and books he had robbed in the Qin Dynasty, and found that Bashu was not as bad as Xiang Yu, Fan Zeng and Liu Bang imagined. It is a great misunderstanding to think that Bashu area is a poor, closed and backward wasteland, but it is taken for granted. After more than 100 years of continuous emigration from Qin and the construction of Dujiangyan by Li Bing and his son, Bashu has become the richest rear area of Qin, just like big warehouse. Moreover, first Qin merged with the six countries, and then a group of heroes opposed Qin. After years of fighting, the war continued, and the Central Plains region was frequently ravaged, and there was not much oil and water to fish. The unique Bashu area has not been disturbed for many years and its development potential is immeasurable. Therefore, the governance of Bashu, "also set Sanqin, the world can be profitable." Xiao He also quoted the classics: "Zhou Shu said:' Heaven does not take it, but it will suffer.' "God cares about you so much and gave you such a generous gift. You don't want it yet, but be careful to get into trouble! This eloquent interest analysis and strategic planning is like Zhuge Liang pointing out the world situation for Liu Bei in the thatched cottage, and it is like clearing the sky for Liu Bang, and Liu Bang is enlightened. I would like to ask, which of a group of military advisers, including Sean and Chen Ping, has Xiao He's great wisdom, such as foresight, foresight, making the best use of the situation and making progress by retreating? Think of Xiao He as Liu Bang's logistics minister, and underestimate Xiao He.

The amount of Xiao He.

Quantity, that is, quantity and tolerance. A wise man does not necessarily have a measure. On the contrary, it is because of talent that people are prone to arrogance, arrogance and even ignorance. Xiang Yu is such a person, and so is Han Xin. Han Xin was demoted to Huaiyin Hou, and he was already down and out. However, Han Xin not only failed to take responsibility and blame himself in time, but kept boasting and complaining, and publicly vented his dissatisfaction with Liu Bang. Liu Bang's assessment of the 18 th founding fathers of the People's Republic of China, others are afraid that it will not work. Han Xin said, shame and frequency, guan ying is a column. On one occasion, Han Xin went to see Fan Kuai, and Fan Kuai was flattered. He called himself "the king" and bowed as a gift. Instead of thanking Fan Kuai and being kind to Fan Kuai, Han Xin sighed: "It seems that I can only associate with people like Fan Kuai in my life!" It seems that Fan Kuai's sympathy for Han Xin and respect for Han Xin have shamed Han Xin! This is pride, arrogance, intolerance and lack of tolerance. Such a "hero" ending can be imagined at this moment, and it is estimated that it will be regarded as a thorn in the side, doomed to death, no one sympathizes, and perhaps win people's hearts.

Xiao He is measured. As the saying goes, "the prime minister can punt in his stomach", which Xiao He can totally bear.

In the third year of Han Dynasty, Liu Bang and Xiang Yu confronted Suoting in Jingxian County. When fighting in front, Liu Bang worried about the situation in the rear and sent messengers to comfort Xiao He many times. Someone said to Xiao He, "Now your Majesty is fighting on the battlefield, and he is too busy to care about himself, but he has sent people to visit you many times. Isn't it obvious that he has doubts about you? " Let me give you an idea. Why not send all your family members who can fight to the front, so that the king will trust you more. "Xiao He did as planned, and Liu Bang was really happy.

In the 11th year of Han Dynasty, the Han Dynasty rebelled against Chen Yi, and Liu Bang personally expedition. At the same time, Lv Hou used Xiao He's plan to kill Han Xin in North Korea. Liu Bang heard that Han Xin had taken over, sent people to worship Xiao He as the prime minister, sealed 5,000 households in the food city, and sent 500 soldiers and a surname as the prime minister's guards. The Manchu civil and military officials came to congratulate Xiao He, and only one man named Zhaoping came to report his worries. Zhao Pingyuan was the Duke of Dongling in Qin Dynasty. After the death of the Qin Dynasty, he became a civilian and made a living by growing melons. The melon he planted is so sweet that everyone knows it is "Dongling melon". Zhaoping named itself "Dongling Melon". The head of this "Dongling melon" is not a "papaya" at all. He said to Xiao He: "I'm afraid the disaster has started from now on! The emperor went to war, and you stayed in Korea. Obviously, you didn't have to take risks, but you were blocked for no reason and added guards for you. This is because Han Xin, the Emperor of Huaiyin, has just rebelled in the DPRK, so the emperor is suspicious of you. It is not a favor to add a guard to protect your Excellency. I hope you will decline the reward and donate all your property to help build the army. In this way, the emperor will be happy. " Xiao He acted according to the plan, and Liu Bang was really happy.

In the twelfth year of the Han Dynasty, Qing Bu, the king of Huainan, rebelled, and Liu Bang made a personal expedition again. He sent messengers back to Beijing for many times to find out what was happening in Xiao He. In return, he said, "George W. Guo Xiang appeased the people of Beijing and gave property to support military supplies, just like when Chen Yi rebelled." At this time, someone came to Xiao He and said, "I'm afraid the adults are not far from genocide! Your achievements are unparalleled. When you enter the customs, you win the hearts and minds of the people. For more than ten years, the people are with you. You should make unremitting efforts to win their support. This is not a good thing. The emperor sent people to ask you what you did many times, fearing that you would control Guanzhong and shake the Han Dynasty. Now you might as well do something like buying people's fields and houses and lending usury to' self-pollute', ruin your good reputation and reassure the emperor. " Xiao He acted according to the plan, and Liu Bang was really happy.

In a word, Liu Bang once suspected that Xiao He had different intentions three times and put Xiao He in an extremely dangerous situation three times. Xiao He, on the other hand, knew that interacting with a gentleman was like interacting with a tiger, and he should be prepared for danger in times of peace. The founding emperor inexplicably suspected heroes, which is the proper meaning in the title. There is nothing to make a fuss about! In dealing with this kind of thing, you can only submit to humiliation, don't be filled with indignation, and don't rush to "argue with reason" and tell yourself that you have been greatly wronged. Therefore, Xiao He managed to remain calm, keep calm, be open-minded and take good advice for three times, until Liu Bang's doubts were virtually eliminated, and he calmly saved the day and actually survived. Compare the clumsy, nervous and stingy performance of Han Xin when Liu Bang suspected Han Xin, and the handling method of Xiao He, which is far better! Without great wisdom and great measurement, such a result is simply unimaginable.

Xiao He's generosity is not only reflected in his attitude towards Liu Bang, but also in his behavior towards Cao Can. Cao Can was a colleague of Xiao He's, and they have been working together for Liu Bang. When Liu Bang commented on the 18th Yuan Gong, the two elders had some contradictions. But this is only "contradictions among the people", not "class contradictions" or "contradictions between ourselves and the enemy", so it is harmless. The relationship between Xiao He and Cao Can has never developed to the point of bitter enemies and bitter enemies. On the contrary, Xiao He has always attached great importance to Cao Can. Xiao He was seriously ill in his later years, and Emperor Hui of Han personally visited Xiao He's illness. At that time, he asked, "Who can replace you in a hundred years?" Xiao He said: "There is no better way to know a minister than a gentleman." Huidi asked, "What about Cao Can?" Xiao He immediately kowtowed and said, "Your Majesty has the best candidate. Now Xiao He can die without regret! "

Xiao He, knowledgeable, intelligent and famous. After all, Xiao He has a point. "Know the minister as the Lord." . Presumably, Liu Bang, the Emperor Gaozu under the grave, thought that it was nothing to regret that Xiao He was listed as the first of the founding fathers.