The sun never sets on an empire that has to respect it. How powerful was the Netherlands in the golden age?

I think when it comes to the Empire on which the sun never sets, everyone will know that it was the overlord of that era, but even a Netherlands that can be the overlord and respect it is also very powerful. So how powerful was the Netherlands in the Golden Age?

Then let me popularize this knowledge to everyone. I also checked some relevant information. Then the Golden Age of the Netherlands was around the 17th century AD. At that time, trade, science and art were praised all over the world, so it is regarded as the peak period of the Netherlands.

There is also the national consciousness. The result of the rebellion against Spain, also known as the Eighty Years' War for religious freedom and economic and political independence, allowed the reformist northern provinces (see the Dutch Republic) to become completely independent and boosted the country's fighting spirit.

And the defeat of the Southern Netherlands caused many Calvinist merchants to flee north. Many moved to Amsterdam, which was then just a small port. By the 17th century, rapidly developing Amsterdam had become one of the most important ports in the world.

This migration can be called "the establishment of a new Antwerp". Mass immigration from Flanders and Brabant was an important driving force in the Dutch Golden Age.

In addition to the large number of immigrants from the Southern Netherlands, there was also a large influx of refugees fleeing religious persecution, especially Sephardic Jews from Spain and Portugal, and Huguenots from France.

Several other factors also contributed to the flourishing of trade, industry, arts, and science during this period. One factor is the availability of cheap energy such as wind and peat, which can be transported to cities via canals.

With the advent of sawmills, large-scale fleets can be built to trade around the world, and military means can be used to protect the economic interests of the Republic of China.

Due to its intellectually tolerant culture, the Netherlands attracted scientists and thinkers from all over Europe.

In particular, the famous Leiden University (founded by the Dutch ruler William I in 1575 in gratitude for Leiden's fierce resistance to Spain during the Eighty Years' War) became a gathering place for these people.

For example, the French philosopher Descartes lived in Leiden from 1628 to 1649.

It can be seen that the Dutch Golden Age was also quite powerful, so those who are interested can check this information to learn more.