The spread of international songs

The Internationale is widely sung by producers, social Democrats and trade union activists in many countries. 1900 12, Lenin published the first, second and sixth paragraphs of the Internationale and the original lyrics of Chorus on Mars.

1902, Russian poet Arkadi Jakovljevic coates translated it into Russian and published it in the fifth issue of Zhizn' (Life), a Russian immigrant magazine published in London. It began to spread among Russian workers.

19 12 Pravda published in Petersburg was republished. After the October Revolution, the Soviet government decided to use the Russian version of Internationale as the national anthem of the Soviet Union.

1944 During the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union, among more than 200 applicants, Unbreakable Alliance was chosen to replace Internationale as the national anthem of the Soviet Union. Since then, The Internationale has become the producer of the Soviet Union, Dang Ge. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, The Internationale became the Dang Ge of the Russian production party. The Internationale was produced by China's producer Dang Ge (although it was not officially written in party constitution). Traditionally, the Internationale is played at the end of National Congress of the Communist Party of China and local congresses at all levels, as well as at the end of major party activities.

The early Chinese version of The Internationale was translated from Russian by Qu Qiubai and published on June 1923. This version has three groups of lyrics, which roughly correspond to the first, second and sixth paragraphs of French lyrics and the chorus part. Among them, "Internationale" is transliterated as "Intner Sonnell" in the lyrics, which was originally the abbreviation of the International Workers' Union (First International) and sometimes referred to international capitalism.

Since/kloc-0 was first sung at a workers' rally in Lille, France in June, 1988, this French workers' war song has been circulated for more than 40 years and has become the war song of the proletariat all over the world. The people of the Soviet Union sang it in order to defeat the enemy and finally move towards a new victory. However, in China at that time, The Internationale did not spread. After The Internationale was introduced into China, there were two versions, but both of them were not ideal, and the lyrics were obscure and difficult for workers to accept. This is the reason why this great song was not sung in China in its early years.

As early as the early 20th century, the unsigned Chinese version of The Internationale appeared in some publications in China. The earliest signed Chinese version should be translated and published by Zheng Zhenduo and his friend Geng Jizhi in June 1920 and June 10. But in the form of poetry, there is no soundtrack and it is not suitable for chorus.

1923, Qu Qiubai returned from the Soviet Union, served as the editor-in-chief of New Youth, the organ publication of China's * * * production party, and began to translate the Internationale. He attended the ninth All-Russian Soviet Congress in the Soviet Union and met Lenin. He was greatly encouraged by the vigorous development and revolutionary spirit of various undertakings in this new socialist country. He had already made up his mind to retranslate the Internationale, making it widely circulated in China and becoming the battle song of the proletarian revolution in China.

After translating The Internationale, He (referring to Qu Qiubai) once said: "The word" Internationale "is almost homophonic in the scripts of western European countries. Now that Chinese is transliterated, it can not only be sung, but more importantly, it can be sung with the voices of other countries, so that the working people in China and the proletarians in the world can respond synchronously and achieve the effect of sound synchronization and emotional integration. "

1926 March 18, the 55th anniversary of the Paris Commune, the Political Department of the Third Army of the National Revolutionary Army published the leaflet "The Internationale", which contained three groups of lyrics, roughly corresponding to the first, second and sixth paragraphs of the French lyrics and the chorus; Among them, "Internationale" was transliterated as "Intel Rachonal" in the lyrics, and later changed to "Intel Nashonal".

193 1 year, when the Chinese Soviet Union (Central Soviet Area) was founded, it was decided to use the Internationale as the national anthem.

1in February, 935, Qu Qiubai was arrested and killed by Kuomintang reactionaries in Jiangxi after retranslating the Internationale 1 1 year. When he died, he held his head high and sang his own translation of the Internationale. He announced to the enemy with a song: "Internalsonnell, it must be realized"! The Internationale, which we sang at various parties today, was translated from the Russian version by the poet Xiaosan in 1923. With a song by Chen Qiaonian, the chorus was translated as: "This is the last struggle. If we unite tomorrow, Interna Xiongnell will come true. "

1962, China Music Association and china national radio invited relevant experts to revise the translation of The Internationale.

Shen Baoji, a professor and translator at China-France University, made a complete Chinese translation of The Internationale, which was more faithful to the French original, and the "Internationale" was transliterated as "Internetniconnel".

199 1 year, China veteran rock band Tang Dynasty released its first album of the same name, which is a passionate cover of the Internationale full of metal rock style.

On September 3rd, 2005, at the end of "Commemorating the 60th Anniversary of the Victory of China People's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War", an international song was played at the venue, which was also sung by China veterans who participated in the civil war between War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and China, the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea and international friends from all over the world.

On June 22nd, 2006, 10, The Internationale was also played at the end of the "70th Anniversary of the Victory of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army's Long March".

In addition to Mandarin lyrics, The Internationale also has Cantonese lyrics written by Noise Co-op in Hong Kong, and Minnan lyrics written by Wu and Nakasi, which are occasionally used in Hong Kong and Taiwan Province Province respectively, but the Internationale has not been transliterated into Chinese. Many times, because the lyrics of Putonghua are more common, this version of the lyrics will be used.

Blackbird, a pioneer of social movement music in Hong Kong, wrote Cantonese lyrics for international songs in the1980s. ..

At present, Radio Television Hong Kong's program "Civil Society" uses "Internationale" as the theme song.