Looking straight at the classical Chinese of life, eating, drinking and utensils

1. "Qiangqi" explains Confucius' view of Zhoumiao in classical Chinese, and there is a way to suppress it. Confucius asked the temple, "What is this?" He said, "This cover is a tool for sitting." Confucius said, "If you smell a seat, it will be covered when it is full, but it will be pressed when it is empty, and it will be right when it is medium. What is it? " Yes: "Of course." Confucius asked Luz to bring water to try. Cover it when it is full, press it when it is right, and press it when it is empty. Confucius sighed in shame: "Alas! Those who are full of evil and don't answer! " (Biography of Chinese Poetry)

Confucius visited the Zhou Temple and saw sacrificial vessels. Confucius asked the temple, "What is this?" The temple keeper replied, "This is a right-sitting device." Confucius said, "I heard that when you sit on the right hand, it will turn over when it is full of water, tilt when it is empty, and vertical when it is half full." Is that so? " The temple keeper replied, "That's right." Confucius asked Luz to try to fetch water. Sure enough, the water turned over when it was full, turned up when it was empty, and stood up when it was half full. Confucius sighed: "Alas! How can it be full without subversion! "

2. Extracurricular classical Chinese: Han Huang, whose words are too blunt.

Han Huang, whose word is too blunt, was in charge of Wu in the Three Kingdoms, and created Binzuo, with his talents and proper use. There is an old man's son to vote, no other length. Taste the banquet, sit up after dinner, and don't talk to the guests. The office was stationed with the army and was ordered to supervise the warehouse gate. This man enters the curtain every morning and sits at night, and no one dares to go in and out.

translate

Han Huang, a city in Taichong, manages three or five regions, and appoints people on their merits and uses them properly. There is no other advantage in letting the son of an old friend come to him. He was invited to the party and everyone sat upright. He didn't talk to the person next to him. South Korean police assigned him to the army and let him manage the library gate. This man enters the tent early every day and sits at night. The official foot soldiers dare not go in and out casually.

3. Classical Chinese reading item 1:( 1) is: take (1) (2) read: consider and think (1).

Question 1: The servant left with tears in his eyes. (2 points) (1 sentence 1 minute)

Question 1: Example 1: "All slaves under the door want to move, but this slave is not rich", which shows that Zhang Qixian insists on employing people mainly by virtue.

Principle, know people and be good at their duties.

Example 2: "I have been pregnant for 30 years, and I haven't told anyone", which shows Zhang Qixian's generosity and tolerance.

Example 3: "I've been waiting for my husband for a long time" means that slaves only make mistakes occasionally, but Zhang Qixian finally let him "on our door"

Next, choose your own place ",showing Zhang Qixian's heart of stone and lack of sympathy.

Example 4: "Some silverware was stolen by domestic slaves, but Qi Xian turned a blind eye to it and didn't ask", which shows that Zhang Qixian didn't point out the servant's mistakes in time and was unkind to others. (Combined with the original 1, the view is verifiable 1. )

Question 1:( 1) "Wei" (wéi) is a verb. Note that the word "Wei" is a polysemous word, which has the functions of real words and function words, and its pronunciation is also different. (2) The word "read" is also ambiguous, so we should "think carefully" according to the context.

Question 1: Pay attention to the meaning of "earthquake" and "go".

Question 1: This is an open inquiry question, which requires candidates to summarize and evaluate the characters' ideology and morality according to the content of the article. Candidates must summarize Zhang Qixian's personality characteristics according to the contents mentioned in the article and make a brief evaluation.

4. Seek the translation of the classical Chinese "Old Horse Know the Way":

Guan Zhong and Peng Ji followed Qi Huangong's Northern Expedition to Solitary Bamboo and returned to winter from spring. They lost their way on their way home because there was no guide who was familiar with geography. Guan Zhong said, "You can use the wisdom of an old horse." So I rode the old horse in front of the army, let it go, followed it, and finally got my way back. March in the mountains, there is no water to drink. Peng Ji said, "Ants live in the south of the mountain in winter and in the north of the mountain in summer. There is water when the soil of ants is an inch deep. " So I dug the nest and found the water. With the wisdom of Guan Zhong and Peng Ji, they realized what they didn't know, and they didn't take it as a shame to ask for advice from the old horse ants. Nowadays, people don't admit their ignorance and don't know how to learn and absorb the wisdom of saints. Is it too much?

Inspire:

The old horse knows the way "means that the old horse is the oldest. But it can find a way out, which is very metaphorical.

Someone with experience. This night chapter is to encourage us to get in touch with daily life more and not to ignore this treasure.

Tested. In your eyes, you may think that "experience" is very small and unremarkable, but the days ahead are still long.

Very sound! People like Guan Zhong and Peng Ji can pay attention to everything in daily life, thus solving the problems of getting lost and lacking water.

Question! Assuming that Guan Zhong and Peng Ji have no experience in daily life, then Qi Henggong and the army are not going to.

What about the other side?

Therefore, this kind of "experience" needs to be accumulated and applied to life. For example: like TV.

Everyone is familiar with the often broadcast "Ma Gaixian". Whenever Magay encounters difficulties first, he uses his textbook.

This is an example of what he learned in the world and his experience in solving problems. The old horse knows the way.

Regarding the enlightenment of the article, I can only say two things: "Ordinary experience should be applied". After all,

It's easier said than done. Speaking of which, it's time to end. Oh! Wait a minute. I have one more thing to say.

Say, experience is accumulated by yourself!

5. Teaching of Ancient Chinese Translation of Carving Jade (1)

Jade is not cut, not a tool; People don't learn, they don't know. However, jade is a thing with constant Changde. Although it is not a tool, it is still intact. Human nature, because things move. If you don't learn, you are not a gentleman, but a villain, but don't read.

Jade can't be made into utensils without polishing; If you don't study, you won't understand the truth. However, jade has eternal characteristics. Even if it is not polished or made into an object, it is still jade and will not be damaged. Human nature will change under the influence of external things. Therefore, if people don't study, they will lose the noble character of a gentleman and become villains with bad conduct. Isn't it worth pondering?

Xue Xue's comparison between "jade" and "man" is easy to understand, from "jade is unfinished" to "man does not know what to learn", but the relationship between "jade is unfinished" and "man does not learn" is not general, and the harm of "jade is not great, because jade cannot be changed.

6. The characters are written in classical Chinese and translated into 1. Classical Chinese:

Peng is from Poyang, Raozhou. In the second year of Zhiping (1065), he won the first place among the scholars. He has served as an officer of Baoxin, a secretary of Wu 'an Army and a military attache of Tanzhou. When Wang Anshi saw his poem "The Meaning of Poetry", he added. He was appointed as Cheng of Dali Temple, promoted to Prince Zhongyun, and soon disliked him.

In the suggestion, Wan was promoted to suggestion, but he didn't go. Play again and make a loss for yourself. God was furious, exiled Deng Wan and appointed You Li as imperial academy. You Li first stated ten things: first, be honest with yourself; second, be responsible for others; third, obey orders; fourth, manage money; fifth, support the people; sixth, provide relief; seventh, make trouble; eighth, reform; ninth, young crops; tenth, salt. Pointing out the pros and cons of exposure is hard to say. On Lu Jia's urban accumulation violation: Yu Chong flattered eunuch Wang Zhongzheng and even instructed his wife and children to visit Wang Zhongzheng. He shouldn't check five sexual events in the middle of the book. Therefore, Zongshen fired Yu Chong and investigated the basis of your words. Yuri Eberwein said: "This is not the way to listen widely." Finally, I didn't obey the law. When Wang Zhongzheng and Li Xian were in charge of the Western Army, Li Ru said that the army should not be given to eunuchs, thus speaking of the Han-Tang Rebellion. Zongshen was very unhappy, and his speech interrupted you. Yuri Eberwein stood there quietly, waiting for an opportunity, and his face changed. Everyone in the court sighed and admired him. The imperial clan sold women to the people, and officials demanded the dissolution of the marriage. Li Ru said: "Although these are distant relatives, they are all descendants of heaven, so we can't get goods from the people. I hope to amend the marriage law. "

2. Translation:

In the early years of Yuanfeng, you Li transferred the judge to Jiangxi as a captain of Guan Ge. The emperor declined politely and said, "Now I'm not worried that no minister will obey, but I'm worried that no minister will remonstrate; Don't worry about ministers who dare to speak, worry about ministers who dare to speak. " Zongshen praised his loyalty. After returning to the DPRK, Ren Jingxi mentioned some prisons.

In the second year of Yuan Dynasty (1087), he was called as the householder. At that time, the emperor wanted to ask about the old and new politics, and replied, "There is no competition in politics, and unity is everything. What has changed greatly now is the law of bringing judges and officers. However, the scholars are not satisfied with the implementation of these systems and see if they are feasible. " A year later, he was promoted to be a librarian in China and was awarded a golden purple. Your writing is elegant and upright, and some ministers are just, which is quite different from his views. There was a time when people who wanted to make progress accused him of trying to crowd them out and get rid of them, but there was no excuse to attack them.

It happened that Wu Chuhou, commander-in-chief of Hanyang Army, presented Cai with poems about the lack of security. Attachment will show resentment and slander. The admonishers exchanged war medals, demanded punishment, and made dangerous remarks, which angered Queen Ren Xuan and planned to bring her to justice. Yuri Eberwein said: "This is the beginning of Luo Zhi's crime." Repeated reports to the ruling minister could not be redeemed, so they were discussed in detail and were not agreed. Waiting for sin at home, Cai que was ordered to mow the grass and said, "Who will bear the responsibility if I don't come out?" Immediately enter the forbidden palace, the seal is lifted, and the discussion is more serious. The admonition officer said that you were cronyism, and Ren Xuan said, "Are you from Cai Que? You are just talking about the court. " Cai was demoted to Xinzhou and needed your cursive script, so he resigned and learned about Xuzhou. At first, when you were in Yushitai, you talked about Lv Jia's request, which was different from Cai's opinion. After ten years of emigration, Cai Que played a great role. Later, Lu Jia was convicted of asking about other prison cases, but was deprived of two official positions because he was not affiliated with the ruling minister. By this time, Cai was convicted again, so people respected him more.

The Hall of Jixian in Jiaguan was revised, and he was appointed as the assistant minister of the Second Power Corps Criminal Department. If there is a prison sentence, it should be lenient. The ruling minister ordered it to be killed, but you Li insisted on not killing it. The ruling minister was very angry and punished your subordinates. You Li said, "It's inconvenient for the emperor to make books, so it's allowed to be played. This is the system. What is the crime of subordinates? " So he impeached himself and asked to leave, and the throne was presented four times. The imperial edict exempted the subordinates from punishment, and moved Li to be the official department minister, and actually granted the official department assistant minister.

Zhezong personally handled politics and edited politics in Xining and Yuanfeng. People are scrambling to say what they hear, but you Li have no suggestions. Someone asked him and replied, "No one dared to speak before, but everyone can speak today." Promoted to acting minister of official department. According to the official, he once attached himself to Herry Liu and became a Chengdu magistrate as a bachelor of Baowenge. Without his post, he ascended the throne many times, and he was also reduced to a waiting system, knowing the state of Jiangzhou. When Zhezong asked him what he wanted to say, Yuri replied, "What your Majesty is recovering now cannot be that there is no right and wrong in politics or that there is no talent in virtue." Politics is right, so there is nothing wrong; People only have talent, so there is nothing they can't get. "

He died of illness within a few months of drifting to Jiangzhou. Its legacy roughly says: "there is more than enough land, and those who look at benevolence; Money is not scarce, hope to be polite. The adulterer seems pleasing at first sight, and its disaster is coming later; The suggestion may seem annoying at first, but its benefits are extensive. " As for the compensation for immigrants in Hebei province and the inspection of floods and droughts in the south of the Yangtze River, there are hundreds of words. The court appointed him as a Council member, but he died, so he informed his family. At the age of 54.

7. China's traditional rat throwing device.

Source:

"Han Jia Yi Biography" Chen's political affairs are sparse, and there is a cloud: "I want to throw a mouse and avoid the device. This is also a good prediction. The mouse is close to the equipment, but I am still afraid not to throw it away, for fear of hurting its equipment. The situation depends on the proximity of your minister. "

"To get rid of the mouse" means that I wanted to throw something at the mouse, but because the mouse is very close to the utensils, if I hit the mouse, I am afraid I will accidentally hit the utensils near the mouse. Later, I used this metaphor to crack down on evil forces, but I was afraid of offending powerful people, so I persisted. This idiom can also be used to mean that you have scruples about doing things and dare not do them.

Modern idioms: be timid, look ahead and look back.

Antisense idiom: fearless, unscrupulous

Usage: linkage type; As predicate and adverbial; Think about one thing and have doubts.

Example:

Guo Moruo's Wu Zetian Act II:

"Shangguan Yuer has admitted to knowing, but the reason why she didn't expose it in advance is that I think she is out of kindness to our mother and son, and secondly, she is waiting for the boat."

Throw the mouse to Baoyu to hide the stolen goods, and sentence Pinger to exercise his rights. (Cao Qingxue Qin's "Dream of Red Mansions" back to sixty-one)

Ming Luo Guan Zhong's Romance of the Three Kingdoms: In the twentieth time, Xu Tian besieged Dong Guojiu's cabinet in Cao Aman and was summoned;

On that day, Xian Di rode to Xu Tian and Liu Xuande lived by the road. The emperor said, "I want to see my uncle hunting today." Liu Bei ordered the horse to mount, and suddenly a rabbit was caught in the grass. Liu Bei hit it and an arrow hit the rabbit. The emperor cheered. Turning the slope, I suddenly saw a big deer driven out from the thorns. The emperor missed three arrows in a row, and Gu said to Cao Cao, "You shoot." Cao Cao asked the son of heaven to carve a bow and a golden arrow. He took a shot, hit the deer in the back and fell on the grass. When the princes met the golden arrow, they all shouted "Long live" to the emperor. Cao took the horse out and covered it in front of the son of heaven to meet him. Everyone is eclipsed. The cloud behind Liu Bei became angry and picked up the silkworm.

Raise your eyebrows, open your eyes, raise your knife and flatter your horse, and then go out and cut Cao Cao. When Liu Bei saw this, he hurriedly waved his hand and winked. Seeing this, Guan Yu did not dare to move. Liu Bei leaned over to congratulate Cao Cao and said, "It's rare for a prime minister to make a move!" Cao Cao said with a smile, "This son of heaven is Hong Fuer." However, he went back to Ma to congratulate the Emperor, but instead of returning the treasure and carving the bow, he hung the belt himself. The paddock was over and the banquet was held in Xu Tian. After the banquet, drive back to Xudu. Everyone went back to rest. Yun Chang asked Liu Bei, "I want to kill a thief who deceives you and confuses you." I want to kill him and save this country. Brother, it's more than me. " Liu Bei said, "Get the mouse and avoid the device. Cao Cao was separated from the emperor by a horse's head, and his confidant was supported by Hui Zhou. If my brother acts rashly in a moment of anger, if he fails, he will hurt the son of heaven, and I will wait for sin. "

8. The frugal method of translating classical Chinese:

A frugal way.

The poor should be frugal and elegant in life, diet and utensils. The way to save money is called "saying things". I prefer small drinks to many dishes. Wei Yun put a plum blossom box: six two-inch white magnetic disks, one in the middle and five outside, painted with gray paint, which look like plum blossoms. The bottom cover is recessed, and there is a handle like a flower base on the cover. Set the desk, like a plum blossom covering the table; Turn on the light and see, like a dish in a petal. A box of six colors, two or three confidants can eat at will, and then add it after eating. Then make a low-side disc to hold cups, chopsticks and hip flask, which can be placed anywhere and moved easily. That is, one end of the grain economy is also.

The poor should be frugal, elegant and clean in their daily life, clothing and accommodation. A frugal way. You can call it "talking about things." I prefer light drinks to too many dishes. I once made a plum blossom box: six deep-seated plates made of two-inch white porcelain, one in the middle and five in the periphery, and fired with gray paint. It is shaped like a plum blossom. The bottom cover is concave, and there is a handle like a flower base on the cover. Put it in front of the table, just like a dark plum blossom covering the table; Open the lid and have a look, like a plate in a petal. A box of six colors, two or three friends can take the food inside at will, and then buy it after eating. A disk with a short edge is also made to hold cups, chopsticks, hip flask and other items, which can be placed everywhere and easily moved. These are all aspects of saving food.

Source-Fu's "Six Chapters of a Floating Life, Idle Feelings".