Visiting the Ancient in Hedong 5 (edited by Xia County)

Xia County, called Anyi in ancient times, was named after the Xia Dynasty built its capital here. Huangfu Mi's "The Century of the Emperor" in the Western Jin Dynasty says: "Pingyang, the capital of Yu, or Anyi." Fan Wenlan's "A Brief History of China" contains: "Qi gave up Yang Zhai, moved west to Daxia, and built Anyi."

Yu, a native of Anyi (this summer county), was the founding monarch of the Xia Dynasty. Yu Chuanwei left a message for his son.

Yuwangcheng Site is located in Xinzhuang Wang Yu Village and Guoli Village, Wang Yu Township, Xia County. Legend has it that Yuwangcheng is the capital of Yu and Qi. During the Warring States period, it was the capital of Wei. Hedong County was the administrative office in Qin, Han and Jin Dynasties, covering an area of 13 square kilometers. 10, 1, 988,65438 was announced by the State Council as the third batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

At first, Jin Xiangong gave him the title of Wei (now Ruicheng) because of Bi Wan's destruction of Geng, Huo and Wei Yougong. After Bi Wan changed his surname to Wei due to the fief, he assisted Jin Daogong to join the vassal in nine years and was named Anyi, so Wei moved to Anyi from Wei. In 403 A.D., after Han, Zhao and Wei were divided into Jin, Anyi, the capital of Weijian County, was located this summer. In 3 1 year (339 BC), Wei moved the capital to Daliang (Kaifeng).

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Emperor Xian escaped from Chang 'an, moved to Anyi, worshipped God in the suburbs, granted amnesty to the world and changed to Yuan Jian 'an. After half a year, Wenxi went to Luoyang.

Yuwangcheng site has four parts: big city, midtown, small town and Yuwangtai. The big city is Guo Cheng, the middle city is the capital (in the southwest of the big city), the small town is Miyagi (in the center of the big city, northeast of the middle city), and Yuwangtai is the place where Yu worships (outside the southeast corner of the small town).

Yuwangcheng site contains the cultural layers from the Eastern Zhou Dynasty to the Han and Jin Dynasties, and is an important part of China's history and culture.

Yuwangtai, also known as Qingtai, is a square rammed earth platform, with a height of 1 1 m, a length of 58 m from east to west and a width of 70 m from north to south. It is the place where Yu was sacrificed in past dynasties.

Li Daoyuan's Water Mirror Notes Plain Water contains: "Anyi, Du Yu also. Yu married a woman who was a Tushan teacher, missed the old country and built a platform for longing for the old country. Today, at the entrance to the south of the city, the stylobate still exists. " Jin Kan Qian's "Chronicles of Thirteen States in Kan Qian" says: "Xia Yutai, fifteen miles northwest of Xia County, married the daughter of Tu Shanshi, homesick for serving the country and looking forward to building a platform. The abutment of the south gate of this city still exists. " Luo wrote: the stone platform of Anyi Tushan is named Qingtai, and there is Yuci Temple on it.

During the period of Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty, there were Wang Yu temples, palaces, pavilions, carved beams and painted buildings on the platform of Wang Yu. In the main hall, there is a "Ming" plaque, in the middle of which is dedicated to Dayu, flanked by Hou Ji, Boyi and Qi, and behind the platform is the Queen's Hall of Tushan Stone. The pavilion is engraved with the word "mountains and rivers", with Qi Temple on the left and Shao Kang Temple on the right. The temple door plaque "pays tribute to North Korea". Under the stage, there are Donghuamen and Xihuamen, about 48 cloisters and a karaoke hall, surrounded by ten acres of square and five acres of lotus pond. Wang Yu Temple was rebuilt in Han, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, and was destroyed by war in1940s.

Standing on the platform of Yuwangtai, I recalled the story that Tu Shanshi and Dayu separated immediately after they got married. Dayu didn't go home three times. Imagine Mr. Qing Taigao, in the afterglow of the sunset, birds return to their nests, killing rocks and looking at their hometown. What kind of mentality is that? "People say that the sunset is the end of the world, I can't see my home, I can't see my home. I hate the separation between Bishan and Bishan, and Bishan is still covered by twilight clouds. "

Now there are three crude Dayu temples on the stage.

I noticed that there were no wild trees in Yuwangtai, and the nursing old man said, "These Ailanthus altissima trees are all wild, only Ailanthus altissima trees, and the people call Ailanthus altissima king.".

This is a sewer tunnel built in the Ming Dynasty.

Visible compaction layer

The Xia Dynasty ended in Xia Jie, which was dissolute and tyrannical, and the battle of Mingtiao, which ended the Xia Dynasty, took place in Mingtiaogang, north of Yuwangcheng. Xia Jie killed Guan Longdi, a loyal minister. Guan Longdi had the cheek to remonstrate directly, and Guan Longdi became the "first person to remonstrate before he died". Guan Long Ting was the ancestor of the Guan family, and later Guan Yu achieved the highest glory of the Guan family.

Xiaxia Village, Peijie Town, Xiaxian County, is named after being located under the wall of Yuwangcheng. The Guandi Temple under the Wall was approved as the eighth batch of national key cultural relics protection units in June 20 19.

"Guandi Temple is all over the world, except knowing the country under the wall", which is a bit exaggerated, but the Guandi Temple under the wall should be called the largest Guandi Temple at the village level.

The Guandi Temple under the city wall, formerly known as Wang Guan Temple, was built between the Yuan Dynasty and Mindfulness. The existing building was built in the 16th year of Qing Emperor Kangxi (1677), facing south. The buildings along the central axis are music building, pavilion, pavilion, rolling shed and main hall in turn, and there are affiliated halls on both sides of the main hall.

The music building is also the gate, with two floors, the lower floor is the aisle and the upper floor is the stage. Three rooms are wide and four rafters are deep. There is an inscription on the back of the beam, "There was a stone club lantern festival to rebuild the theater in the twentieth year of Qing Emperor Kangxi". Several couplets are engraved on the door frame between columns: "Yu Sheng broke the cold world, singing and dancing are handed down from generation to generation", "Small places can be home countries, ordinary people can be civil and military ghosts and gods" and "a dream occupies the autumn moon, and thousands of dances bloom together".

In front of the music building is a pavilion. This exhibition hall is the largest and highest specification in this group of buildings. Thick column support, cross beam, inclined beam and strip beam are different structures that bear the weight of the roof and are advanced specimens of ancient architectural mechanics. Painted wood carvings, dragons and phoenixes, figures, birds and animals, flowers and other shapes are all over the whole building, with vivid and exquisite images; Glass roof, noble style.

I suspect that this pavilion is actually a pavilion. Judging from the construction method of ancestral temple, there is no such thing as viewing pavilion; Theoretically speaking, the largest and highest specification building will not be designed for people to watch the play; According to the inscription "Rebuilding Guandimen Music Building" in the 28th year of Kangxi in the temple, there are main halls, sleeping halls, pavilions and rolling sheds in the temple, but there is no pavilion. Of course, it can be built later, but the specifications exceed the main hall and pavilion, which is a bit strange.

Music building, viewing pavilion, sacrifice pavilion

Watching pavilions, offering pavilions and rolling sheds

Pavilion, rolling shed, main hall and annex hall are provided.

Entering the museum, there is a roll shed in the middle and the main hall behind.

Standing at the entrance of the main hall, I turned around and saw the roll shed and the gazebo.

Xue Song's tomb in Zhang Cun, Shuitou Town, Xia County, is in the field outside the village. There are monuments and graves here, and a pavilion has just been built. It is the seventh batch of national key cultural relics protection units on 20 13. The grandson of Xue, the son of Xue Chuyu, and Xue Song are brave and good at fighting. In 2008 15, he broke through the Korean War with his father, and was accused of serial hunting at night. In order to honor the Yuanmen of the headquarters, he once entered the Guards (Guards).

John young and Youzhou saved Xue Chuyu and his younger brother Xue Ne from military reform and were dismissed by conservatives, which accelerated the outbreak of Anshi Rebellion. During the Anshi Rebellion, Xue Song joined the rebels and became a general under An Qingxu when his family was excluded and he was suppressed. After An Qingxu's defeat, he sent Xue Song to save Shi Siming and made concessions, which shows that Xue Song has a considerable position in the An Qingxu army. After the defeat of the rebel army and the surrender of the imperial court, Xue Song led 30,000 "rebel troops" in four states of Hunan, Wei, Ming and Xing, and was appointed by the imperial court as three ministers of the punishments, namely Shangshuhe, Ming and Xing. Jin Song was appointed to this post, and he is quite famous for his governance. He was appointed King of Pingyang County. In the seventh year of Dali (772), he was buried in Cizhou in winter and Xiaxian in October the following year. "Guangxu Shanxi Tongzhi": "Xue Song, Zu Guiren and Kao Chuyu were buried in the west of the county for forty miles."

Xue Song is the historical prototype of Xue Gang in Xue Gang's War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea. The dramatic story is far from the historical facts, and only the section to resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea is consistent.

The Monument Pavilion, a 604-cm-high tombstone of Tong Tang for eight years, is solid and majestic, and it is still tall and straight after more than a thousand years.

Tombstone Ming in Xue Song is a masterpiece of official script. The inscription records the life of Xue Song and the rise of the Xue family. It was written by Han Zemu, the son of Han Zemu, one of the four famous ministers in the Tang Dynasty. The revival of official script in the Tang Dynasty is represented by "the four official schools in the Tang Dynasty", among which Han Zemu is the uncle of Han Yu, and his calligraphy has been respected by all dynasties. After Han Cuimu became an official, Dai Zong sighed "unsustainable" and ordered him to recommend good books. Han Cuimu gave his eldest son, Han Daike, and Han entered the Hanlin as the imperial edict, in charge of the quartet, criticizing and answering the text. Han Lishu inherits the family style, elegant and profound, with ancient meaning. As one of the essences of Shanxi stone inscriptions, Gong Xue Tombstone Inscription was published by Shanxi People's Publishing House.

Xue Song's tomb is about 2 miles away from the tombstone, with a height of 2.45 meters and a week of 9 1 meter, from which we can imagine the scale of Shinto and the cemetery.

Sima Guang's Tomb, including the ancestral temple, Qing Yu Zen Temple, the tombstone of Sima Wengong and the stele building outside Sima Wengong Temple, is located in Xiaochao Village, Shuitou Town, Xia County. 1988 The third batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

Sima Guang (10 19 ~ 1086), a native of Sushui, Xia County, was known as "Mr. Sushui", and presided over the compilation of "Zi Tong Zhi Jian". After four dynasties of Renzong, Yingzong, Zongshen and Zhezong, Shangshu's official position has always been Zuo Assistant Minister. After his death, posthumous title Wen Guogong, posthumous title Zheng Wen.

The tombstone and stele building of Sima Wengong outside the ancestral hall of Sima Wengong was built by Zhu Shichang, a Shanxi secretariat in the third year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1524). There is a Qing Dynasty couplet on the eaves column of the monument: "The quintessence of Chinese culture is full of brilliance, and loyalty is sent to Yuexiu Emei". The monument is thick and high, with a decapitated turtle, 9 meters high. It can be called "the Great Monument of China", with the inscription "The Tombstone of Sima Wengong" and the inscription "The Monument of Loyalty, Purity and Virtue" in Zhao Xu, Song Zhezong. The stele building is a brick-wood structure, which is different from the common stone-like wooden stele building in the local area. It has no masonry carving, and it is simple and generous.

The original tombstone of Sima Wengong was built in Yuan You in the Northern Song Dynasty for three years (1088). Zhezong personally inscribed the seal "Monument of Loyalty, Purity and Virtue", Su Shi was pardoned for writing articles and Dan, and Wang Pan, the jade calligrapher, was ordered to engrave it. At the beginning of Shao Shengchu, Zhou Zhishou, an ancient scholar, said, "Wen Gong slandered the first emperor, abolished his laws, and punished him for his crimes." Zhezong ordered the original tablet to be knocked down and broken into four sections, and the inscription was destroyed and buried deep underground. The tablet was huge and survived. In the eighth year of Jin Dynasty (1 148), Wang Ting, the new magistrate of Xia County, visited Sima Wengong Temple directly, only to see an apricot tree growing on the ruins, with an umbrella crown and lush foliage. It was a wonder. Recalling the past, he ordered people to dig and dig, and four monuments were broken in the soil. Later, the broken tablet was re-engraved according to the original rubbings, and together with the forehead and postscript, it was called "Xinghua tablet". In the second year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1523), Zhu Shichang, a Shanxi army supervisor, rebuilt the huge monument in imitation of the original monument, with a height of 8.3 meters, a width of 1.76 meters and a thickness of 0.44 meters. It stands on the old turtle pier, bearing the "monument of loyalty, purity and virtue" written by the original philosopher, and now stands in front of Sima Guang's Wengong Temple.

Su Shi writes articles and Dan.

There is an existing Taishan Temple in Dayang Village, Yaofeng Town, Xia County, which was built in an ominous age. Judging from the inscription on the beam frame, it was revised in the eighth year of Dade in Yuan Dynasty (1304) and the fifth year of Qin Long in Ming Dynasty (157 1). Sitting facing south, five rooms are wide and two rooms are deep, hanging from the top of the mountain, with a cloister on the front eaves, which is a national key cultural relics protection unit. Looks like it's just been renovated. It's simple.

Notre Dame de fengcun, Zhang Nian Town, Xia County, a national key cultural relic protection unit, has Notre Dame and Bagua Pavilion (incense pavilion). Notre Dame Temple was built in the third year of Yuanyou (13 16), with three rooms wide and two rooms deep, hanging from the top of the mountain. It is said that the first year of Dashun Yongchang (1644), the twenty-five years of Qing Daoguang (1845) and the nine years of Guangxu (1883) were preserved in the temple, and the stone tablet was rebuilt. The gossip pavilion (incense pavilion) attracts attention.

Xiangting, as a memorial hall, consists of two parts: a three-room mansion on the top of the mountain with a front eaves and a main pavilion on the top of the mountain with a single eaves and five rafters. This is the building of Amin dynasty.

The whole exhibition hall really spared no expense. Look at the beams, look at the structure, look at the roof, only sigh! Walking in the east of the river, you will often experience unexpected surprises, but for quiet villages, they are normal! At this point, people like Donghe people are ordinary, but they will give you a surprise inadvertently. After all, China has the longest history here, and the 5,000-year-old civilization gene has sunk into the blood of Hedong people.

Looking at the pavilion from this side, it is simple and elegant, noble and beautiful.

Look at this hexagonal algae well, bucket arch, lotus column, multi-standard and three-dimensional

Guandi Temple in Xiaxian County, located in Jiefang South Road, the county seat, is the fifth batch of provincial-level cultural relics protection units. The mountain gate system was rebuilt after the expansion of 1994 street.

The Guandi Temple in Xiaxian County is located in the west facing the east and was built in the Yuan Dynasty. It was built in the Ming Dynasty and renovated in the Qing Dynasty. Now there are mountain gates, memorial archways, memorial halls and main halls in turn along the central axis. There are two annex buildings (Knife Building and Seal Building) on both sides of the memorial, and one wing on the east and west sides of the memorial.

The archway is a two-column single-story wooden archway with a single eaves resting on the top of the mountain and a glazed ridge.

Printing house, knife library and two wings

The Hall of the Great Hero is three rooms wide and six rafters deep, surrounded by cloisters, resting on the top of the mountain with double eaves, and there are colorful paintings in the hall.

Peijie Village in Xia County is the hometown of Jietui, whose tomb is in the south of the village. When he came to the cemetery, there were only two monuments left, which had been seriously eroded and the handwriting was everywhere. According to legend, in the second year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty (1724), Jieshi people set up a monument. The inscription reads "Recommend the Tomb of Jin Jiehui, the ancestor of Hugh", and the following paragraph reads: "Qin Ershi was moved and buried here since Jiexiu, and the clans of He Zi were established together". Another monument is the cultural relics protection monument set up by Xiaxian People's Committee in 1963. The inscription reads: "Minister Jie Zitui of the State of Zhou Jin was born in Pei County. Jin Wengong lived in seclusion in Mianshan, because his actions were not rewarded. After Jin Wengong couldn't find it, he burned the mountain and died. Qin Ershi moved away and was buried here. "

I stumbled across this Taiwan Province Peijie Guandi Temple, a municipal cultural relic protection unit, in the village. People and cultural relics in Xia county can't be protected. This is an example, which we will see later.

The fairly standard Shanmen Dance Building began in the Ming Dynasty and was popular in the Qing Dynasty. The ground floor is accessible, and the upper floor is used for acting. In addition to the gables of the stage, a two-story theater room was built, with the upper floor as the dressing room and the lower floor as the artist's kitchen and temporary rest place. Now a wall has been added to the stage and turned into a house. When I was young, I often heard people say naysayers. This is about Taiwan Province. The two plays are sung at the same time, which is more attractive to the audience there. The Houtu Temple and Guandi Temple under the wall are all in the same style.

The opposite stage is quite old. It was built in the 30th year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (1602) and rebuilt in the 40th year of Qingganlong (1775). It looks unremarkable and has stood here for more than 400 years.