What inventions have China people made since the founding of New China?

100 outstanding invention, I am very proud, I am very proud!

Since ancient times, our people have had creative thinking of glorious traditional inventions. Such as dragons and phoenixes. The magical combination of phoenix's beheading and peacock's feathers. Rondo's idea is that the dragon is a magical combination of animal head, deer body, snake's foot, eagle's claw, human body and fish's tail. In addition, Joseph Needham, a famous British scientist, made an in-depth investigation and study of China's ancient scientific and technological achievements, and wrote his magnum opus Science and Culture in China (translated Science and Technology in History). Under the guidance of Dr. Robert Temple Needham, 1986 published a concise and popular introduction to the books China —— A Country of Invention and Discovery and The Best in the World. Introduce it to everyone through the following invention sequence.

1, photosensitive drum:

In 3500 BC, China invented the legend of artificial drum. In 3000 BC, the frame or container of Piedmont was a drum beast. By 1000 BC, Mesopotamia and Sumer had already had drums of body painting pictures. Later, there were small bronze drums and big bronze drums. /kloc-cavalry in the 0/5th century and/kloc-bronze drums in the 0/7th century were adopted by orchestras. 1692 Searle's score for "The Queen of Elves". This drum is the so-called timpani now, and the bass drum is19th century. Drums will make a unique, lasting and powerful beat. In the 2nd century BC, China invented the timpani.

2, binary:

It is said that Fuxi invented the binary system in 3000 BC. The Book of Changes, one of the Five Classics, is one of the oldest books in China. According to legend, around 3000 BC, Yao Ming resigned from Fuxi's divination, and the divination in the middle of Duke University was revised by Confucius and became the Book of Changes. Modern computers use binary instead of decimal. Who invented the binary system? The changes of the Book of Changes and numbers are binary. In other words, Fuxi invented binary. Fuxi Shennong said that Shennong tasted a hundred herbs and had grain, which was our only primitive agriculture. Fuxi is a great man. Our Social Progress was built at the Xiannongtan in Beijing to pay homage to his descendant Shennong (Fuxi).

3. Wire rope:

In 2800 BC, China people had mastered the technology of making marijuana. People began to use hemp fiber rope. In A.D., hemp fiber has become the main cable material in most parts of the world. The era of man-made fiber rope making machine and hand-made rope making is over. From 1950, Manila rope with a length of about 2 mm and a diameter of 55 12 kg will break, and nylon rope with the same thickness can bear 13227 kg.

4. Compass:

Legend has it that in 2700 BC, the Yellow Emperor of China invented the compass, the compass and the fog of the Yellow Emperor to tell the direction, thus defeating Zhi. According to historical records, China people used the compass as early as the Warring States Period. "Everything is done wrong" said that in the 3rd century BC, during the Warring States Period in Song Shen, someone used "Ian's compass". Shen Kuo's Meng Qian Bi Tan recorded more details. 1090, China and Arab navigators installed compasses. As a navigation tool. In Europe in the 1 1 century, the magnetic needle floated in the water before use, which kept the magnetic compass system in the Mediterranean area in balance with the central fulcrum in about 1250.

16th century compass is installed on a rack to play with the compass. On the boat. /kloc-the compass of the 0/9th century iron ship will be installed on a Princeton iron to correct the errors caused by ship magnetism. In the 20th century, the gyro compasses of ships and planes. According to the principle of rotation, the star with stable vertex attitude-gyro compass has two advantages: it is close to the metal and deflects, and the two points are true north rather than magnetic north. 1908, Germany obtained the first practical instrument in the world. Best Compass Li Sibo System. The Dalopita was successfully tried on 19 10, and will be adopted by the US Navy. In a word, the compass is one of China's four great inventions, which has made great contributions to the development of the global shipping industry, as well as other problems.

5. Fishing method:

In 2500 BC, people in China already knew how to fish. When our people could increase their consumption with artificially hatched eggs in the 1960s and 1970s, salmon and other fish in Europe and America were artificially propagated. Britain and other western European countries now produce about 10 tons of freshwater fish farms every year.

BR/>； 6, equatorial astronomical instruments:

In 2400 BC, China invented the equatorial astronomical instrument.

7, decimal counting system:

China invented the decimal counting system in14th century BC. Modern science is very important. The official evidence of Europeans, the earliest manuscript discovered by the Spanish in China in 976 AD, was used as early as BC14th century in Shang Dynasty. Unearthed in Oracle bone inscriptions in the 3rd century BC/KLOC-,I saw the decimal of an example of "547 days" in a China account.

8. Print:

1324, in China, seal cutting, ink printing and document printing were the earliest media in the world, before which there were data and information dissemination. Printing is one of the four great inventions in China. We in China have carved people's names or rankings with seals since ancient times. After the official title of seal script was 1324, the original ink began to use red inkpad in the fifth and sixth centuries. "China seal soapstone, jade, bamboo, ivory carving. People in China believe that seals are more reliable when signing documents, letters and notes. The oldest printed book is the Diamond Sutra, which was printed by the people of China. It has become the exclusive block printing invented by China people in 868. The Diamond Sutra is printed in relief. It is a 5.25-meter-long scroll printed by 9 1 cm long and 36 cm wide, which later fell in Britain and is now kept in the hands of the British Museum in London.

1040 China lettering workers won the invention of movable type printing in Beijing over the years, hexahedral molding clay, heating hardening printing machine, and rhyme ranking turntable. Printing movable type printing workshop turpentine, 65438+February binding materials, such as iron plate, iron truss, fire heating, adhesive melting, cooling, pica bar, soldering iron baking, hot iron plate abridged movable type printing, for future use. After India, in 1403, Li Taizong, the founder of the earliest metal casting factory in North Korea (written characters were always used in North Korea at that time), created pinyin letters instead of written characters after consulting ancient Indian Sanskrit in North Korea for 30 years. There are 40 letters in Korea, and it only takes a few letters to spell all the words. 1438 Life in Gutenberg, Mainz, Germany First, Schegenfer (Germany) created a set of hard metal perforated characters carved with a metal letter mold, and then hammered the perforated characters into a soft copper wire system pressure mold, and the mold lines were printed on the frame. It may have started in15th century. He was printed in 145 1 year, and donato Latin, the first book printed with movable type in Europe, was printed in Latin in 1453. He converted the ordinary screw press into a press. As a printing plate, to a stage, brush ink and paper, and use a spiral platen to cover the pressure. The first line of a day can only print about 16 yuan per hour.

1457 Foster and Qiao invented the first two-color book-Latin hymn. 146 1, Bamberg printed the first book, Book-German Fables, with illustrations *** 10 1. 1470, a set of Roman movable type printing designed by Frenchman Sen 1477 Tuo Lei's world map intaglio and ***26 copperplate were printed in Venice. It is difficult to imitate, the ink paper is slightly swollen, functional, and it is easy to distinguish authenticity. It is still used to print banknotes, stamps and securities. 150 1 Italian isolation suit in italics; 156 1, he printed these words on the pocket edition. (words emphasized mainly in italics in the west. ) 1620, Kimball Oho invented the convenient printing of received words, printing 150 copies per hour. 1642 german elector invented the intaglio method, which is most suitable for printing. The first picture shows a vertical German countess Irina Kaptelova.

1 107, China also invented color printing. 600 years later, in 17 19, the design of LeBron color printer in Germany won many patents. The first book printed was Harmony of Painting Colors. 1727, Scottish goldsmith Gert invented the rigid casting method. 1775, Dido, France developed the measuring size unit. 1798, Nufield invented the lithographic printing method, which is the most suitable method for printing illustrations. 1875 First, the image is printed on the blanket by offset printing, and then it is formally printed on the flexible material. 1800, Stan, who became the first reporter to replace the wooden printing press with an iron frame. It can be printed in 250 hours. Germany works in London. 18 10, the gurney steam printing machine was patented (mechanized manual printing machine), which can print 400 sheets per hour. German Gniger and Powell 18 12 designed the drum roller press. The machine sold by The Times can print 1 100 sheets per hour. Later, Gniger designed it so that everyone could print on two printing machines.

Electroforming was invented by Britain, America and Russia in 1839. Electroformed metal plate, not wood plate. 1845, the first practical patent of rotary printing machine was issued in new york. The Philadelphia Chronicle bought this machine. 1848 Apps and Cowper, engineers of The Times of London, designed a rotary printing machine, which can print 8,000 copies per hour. 186 1 year, He Ao bent the plate, and the paper system changed from a completely circular printing layout. 1852, Talbot, the pioneer of British photography technology, discovered the principle of wire relief printing, and copied the photos of this method for the first time in 1880' s new york Pictorial, entitled Slum Scene in new york. 1886, Germany's silent Genthaler worked in the United States and invented a high-speed automatic typesetting machine. This machine was used in The New York Times. After two years of formal operation, the line matrix is 6000 hours, which is four times the speed of the most skilled workers. 1887, Langston, a British civil servant, invented the single-cast typesetting machine with complex typesetting, which was put into production in 1897. Before this, 1477 people knew the method of copper intaglio carving, 1895 Austria invented Crick intaglio printing, 1839 Xubu imagesetter was in the United States. From the printing machine without metal movable type, we turned to lithography technology to replace the traditional letterpress printing. This method is projected on the letter photo paper in turn, and then punched and pasted into samples. A good version of this battle has a camera shooting on the photosensitive film of a metal plate. After etching, a printing plate has the performance of 1798, and the lithography task was invented in nuffield. Ink is only installed where there are graphics on the board. Imagesetter has now replaced most of the traditional typesetting.

1965, Germany invented the electrophotographic typesetting machine. In the era of computer-controlled typesetting, it can be designed on the computer. On the advanced print page layout screen, the designer correctly uses all the contents stored in the computer storage device, including words, titles, pictures, locations, etc. Then, the computer-controlled laser scans the photographic paper and prints out the whole layout of the printed image, making it a laser phototypesetting. Many major newspapers have adopted advanced methods and typesetting in the world today, such as China's Science and Technology Daily, China TV News and Beijing Evening News.

9, paint-the world's first plastic:

In the 3rd century BC/KLOC-China people have invented the latest paint. The "female corpse" (buried in the 3rd century AD 1976) unearthed in the tomb of Anyang City, Henan Province proves the coffin she painted. Needham said, "Lacquer is probably the oldest knowledge of industrial plastics people. "In ancient China, the organization and management of coating industry was a very unorganized private paint workshop, which was the national production center. Paris Oriental Art Museum, painted wooden wine glasses, the description of the fourth year inscribed with inscriptions outside the World Cup, and the names of seven craftsmen involved in the case of five officials are also engraved in the production center. The performance of this wooden wine glass is the manufacturing process watched by China people more than two thousand years ago. On the other hand, the cup also shows that it is likely to be used as a pipe in modern industrial production. As early as the second century BC, China people had discovered pigments with important chemical properties. Through the evaporation of paint, it is found that the paint of several crab shells will remain liquid and will not dry. In Huainanzi in BC120th century and Plum in AD12nd century, it was mentioned that crab shells, as a coating, had a special function of keeping its liquid state. Modern scientists' laboratories have confirmed that some enzymes in the chemical composition of crustacean tissues inhibit the activity, among which the enzyme is the one that hardens the paint. The coating can keep a long-term liquid, so that the biochemical process of this industrial prototype can continue through chemical action.

10, bronze mirror:

About BC12nd century, China people invented bronze mirrors. China also invented the mirror on the wall. In the 5th century, William Breg, a British crystallographer, systematically expounded the mirror theory, which was more than that of China about 1500 years later. Mirrors are one of the strangest projects in the world. "What's the magic of the Daily Mirror? A bronze pattern cast on the opposite wall-an image or text, or a combination of both. The convex shape of the reflecting surface is made of bronze and polished like a mirror. Under most lighting conditions, this kind of mirror looks no different from other ordinary mirrors. However, when you see the bright sunshine from the mirror on the wall, its reflecting surface can "see through". Sunlight reflected by walls and mirrors shines into the darkness, and people project visible images onto mirror patterns or characters on the walls. Solid bronze products become transparent, which is a phenomenon understood by mysterious people in China. It is a translucent mirror, which has a name. Bronze is opaque, but actual people will feel light. Why? Extensive and profound Chinese and foreign scholars have discussed the miracle for hundreds of years, while China scientist Shen Huo and foreign scientist Sir William Breg have published it too highly. In 1932, Sir William Breg discovered a mystery. He said, "Obviously, this is the amplification mode of reflection. Needham expressed these so-called "leaders' mastery of the fine structure of gravel as the first step". "

Umbrella 1 1:

People in China have been using umbrellas since 65438 BC+065438 BC+000 BC, and it is said that they are related to umbrellas. Made of bamboo or sandalwood, covered with leaves or feather umbrellas. 12 century English word "umbrella". In the past, there were only parasols, and there were tarpaulins in Paris. Tel: 1733. 1750, the British umbrella Han Wei returned to London after a trip, causing a sensation. 1874 patent for metal wire drawing Hawkes bending steel umbrella in Dika area near Xueer. With this umbrella, the umbrella has been tightened and has since become the rain gear for British gentlemen. 1930, put invented the telescopic umbrella. It is also said that the umbrella was invented by academic talents during the Three Kingdoms period in the 4th century.

12, kite:

BC 1000, China people flew kites for the first time. As early as before, messengers and legendary China people were flying kites. According to legend, in the 4th century BC, Lu Ban, a famous craftsman in China, made a kite, and the third kite won't drop. There is a story, generally around the palace, measuring the distance between the palace wall and its own army with a kite. Kites can be used to send bricks to a house, or to tie the tail of a fishing kite with a hook. 1600 Oriental kites (diamonds) spread from Holland to Europe. Inspired by the kite of British inventor craven in the19th century, the glider was invented. Texas actor Cody "Captain" dragged a folding boat across the English Channel and continued his efforts. 190 1 year, he flew with a double-box kite, which aroused the interest of the British War Department. Soon, this plane replaced Cody as the "captain" of the military kite and released his new biplane in 19 13. 1970, the U.S. space program designed a variety of flying wing kites to re-adult, such as Roger Lele's folding flying wing, which was specially designed for the safe landing of the cabin of the Mercury spacecraft, and was later replaced by a parachute; However, this folding wing leads to the suspension of glider wings today. The principle and enlightenment of kite flying in the sky and plane flying in the sky.

13, rice wine:

In BC 1000, people in China invented rice wine.

14, bow and arrow:

Bow and arrow invented by China in the 8th century BC. In 200 BC, China invented the crossbow. Mainly used for vertical shooting, riding and shooting of war and hunting rifles, with great power. 10 century and 1200 years later, Italy used more bows in Europe than China.

15, ancient robots:

During the Eastern Zhou Dynasty from 770 BC to 256 BC, China people invented ancient robots. Today's world is just a talking robot. The real world has reached Europe, the United States and Japan, but it may be the oldest ancient robot system in the world. You never know, we China people. The robot system in ancient China is not only small in size, but also versatile, and there are many kinds of robots. These robots can dance, sing, blowing sheng, fish and make money by robots ... and so on.

A robot that can dance. China was besieged in Pingcheng in Tang Dynasty, in Anxi before Han Dynasty, and in Xiongnu in Han Dynasty. Han knew that this soldier would be his wife. She was the most fierce elite team in a country, but Xiongnu was jealous of others' personalities. Chen Ping ordered the craftsman to make a delicate wooden robot. Wooden robots put on beautiful clothes, dressed up beautifully, and put rouge on their faces, which made them more handsome. Then put it on the female wall (low wall) on the wall and push out the mechanism (mechanical part), the graceful dance of this robot and the engine of the graceful dance killer. Outside the city, the Huns felt very real wrong when they saw this scene. This dancing robot is the true goodness and beauty of human nature. They are afraid of destroying the city, designing and snubbing their pets. E Shi led her army to abandon the city. Pingcheng saved the day.

A robot that sings and plays the flute. More advanced robots and magic in the Tang Dynasty, in the Tang Dynasty, Zhang greedy "super upload: Yan was used as a magistrate (equivalent to the mayor) in Luozhou, a clever figure, and liked to drink. He carved a wooden robot, dressed it in satin and made it a waiter. "Waiters" are always polite at bank banquets.

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Money-making robots. In the Tang Dynasty, a craftsman in Hangzhou, China, developed a robot like a monk, which could learn from the monk's alms with a copper bowl. When the pot is full, it will automatically collect money and the donor will bow. Hangzhou citizens scrambled to put money into this bowl and watched such a wonderful performance. Every day, people who can escape from the Lord moan for thousands of dollars. This phenomenon is called ingenuity to create wealth.

Fishing robots, robots of the Tang Dynasty, can also be used in production practice. According to similar otters, the king of Liuzhou in the Tang Dynasty could sink in rivers, lakes and seas, catch fish and develop robots with their heads above the water. Why can you catch fish? If the bait and Ann push this device out, it can absorb the water from the stone and let him put the robot in his mouth. The fish is hooked, the component is pushed out, and the stone falls into the water. From its mouth, its mouth is full of fish. Don't run away from it, it will float on the water. This is the production of the first robot in the world.

In addition, the record book Addendum also records the blind ingenuity of ancient robots related to administrative lights on the stage.

16, branch tillage method:

In the 6th century BC, China invented the method of cultivating farmland with branches, and Europeans adopted the technology of 173 1, which was about 2400 years later than China.

/kloc-June 0/7, iron plow:

In the 6th century BC, China invented the iron plow, which was not used by Europeans until17th century. About 2300 years later than China, in A.D. 1050, China also invented the plow mirror, which was installed on the plow to turn over the soil, thus improving agricultural production. Around 3500 BC, farmers in the Mesopotamian plain invented the ox-drawn plough, which was an early agricultural tool used to cultivate land. China people have used Niu Geng plows and wooden shovels since Shang Dynasty. In 500 BC, the old-fashioned iron plow of European farmers, the first two wheels of the plow, and the plow blade (that is, the share). During the Warring States period in China, the V-shaped iron sheet of wooden plow handle, commonly known as iron mouth plow frame, was small, light and flexible, with adjustable depth, which greatly improved the breeding efficiency. /kloc-at the beginning of the 0/8th century, Europeans began to cooperate with advanced Roslin plows, Ransom iron plows and seeders. American immigration began at 1830, and copper plows were also used in mainland China such as Deere. In a word, the invention, application and development of plough condensed the efforts of inventors in China and other parts of the world and showed their wisdom.

18, calm tone clock: BR/& gt；;

China invented the grand tuning clock in the 6th century BC. Europeans set the sound clock to 1000, and after more than one hundred years, it will be about 1600.

19, ever-burning lamp:

Around 589 BC, China invented the ever-burning lamp. Asbestos sealing oil or kerosene whale oil wick.

20, abacus:

In 550 BC, China people invented abacus, which was also widely used as a commercial computing tool. Since ancient times, it was gradually replaced by modern Arabic numerals in the12nd century. In the 20th century, in the Soviet Union and the Far East, many people still use abacus. The plastic used for abacus replaced wooden abacus and bamboo abacus, and electronic calculators and computers replaced trend abacus. But because abacus is cheap, it will take at least ten years for a computer in the world to completely replace abacus.

2 1, carpet:

In 500 BC, carpets appeared in China. The earliest known carpets originated in the 5th century BC. 1606, China and Iran used looms to weave carpets near Paris for the first time. Now carpets are made of man-made fibers and wool.

22. Double-acting piston bellows:

In the 5th century BC, China invented the double-acting piston bellows, which was similar to the bellows in the west before16th century. About 2 1 USD, one hundred years later than China.

BR/>； 23,

Bowl was invented by China people in the 5th century BC.

24. The method of clearing the form:

BR/>； In the 4th century, in front of China, China's abacus indicated zero vacancy. According to the traditional western version, the symbol "0" was invented by Indians in the 9th century. In fact, it was carved in 870 AD. However, the symbol "0" appeared much earlier. There are symbols in the inscriptions in Cambodia and Sumatra in 683 AD, and in the inscriptions near Sumatra Island in Bangka Island in 686 AD. Some experts believe that there are zero symbols in these countries, China in the past, and they are in India. Zero is very important. If ignored, modern technology will collapse. Of course, the vacancy is zero, which was invented by China people. However, we belong to our country, so I don't need to say more. The absolute priority of the "0" symbol "0" did not appear in our printed materials for the first time until 1247. Even though we believe that this symbol was used at least a century ago, no one knows that it represents a zero symbol.

25 kinds of chemical weapons:

The history of China's chemical warfare with poisonous gas can be traced back to at least the early 4th century BC. The bellows used in Mohism's early works ranged from mustard seeds released by burning gas stoves to the recorded siege of enemy tunnels. Mustard gas was less than 2,300 years earlier than German trenches in World War I: dung bombs of China's chemical weapons, that is, the embryonic form of gas bombs. Quicksand bomb is the gunpowder on pottery, which consists of quicklime, rosin and ethanol extract of poisonous plants. The weapon came down from the wall and exploded with deadly venom. "Tear gas", people in China will use tear gas in the second century A.D., and the smoke it produces will soon make people burst into tears. The venom of sea vein oil, Sichuan lacquer and starfish will make the enemy hoarse, and our enemy will rot some toxic muscles and expose bones. Pyrus pyrifolia contains arsenic and toxins. 1540 Bellinguccio's "Fireworks" said that the fire spear burns and emits a burning flame, two or three steps away, thrillers, police films and horror films. In Europe, arsenic was very popular before 1580, but in17th century, it was a mercury smoke ball, and then it was a gift to the world.

The change of horse chest belt on June 26 and

Around the 4th century BC, China invented the change of horse's chest belt. Before that, the West only referred to the changes of neck circumference and horses in the 8th century. This is an unreasonable method, because the belt is stuck in the throat, which means that once the horse tries its best, it will suffocate as soon as possible. We invented other tools to overcome this shortcoming of horse breasts. This invention passed through China and later spread to Europe and Central Asia. European archaeologists have discovered the changes and cultural relics of the chest belt of tombs from the 7th century to 10 century.

27, petroleum lighting method:

Around the 4th century BC, China invented the oil lighting method and the gas lighting method.

28, cast iron technology:

In the 4th century BC, China invented cast iron surgery.

29. Saddle sling:

From the 4th century BC to 1 century BC, China invented the scenery change of Withers. A century later, it has changed more than the European chest seat belt and rotator cuff a thousand years ago. China also found that the change of the rotator cuff was related to another simpler way: changing the rope and tying both sides of the collar and rotator cuff (on it, directly on the car). This is a change of this form of rotator cuff, which is still widely used in today's world.

30, saltpeter identification method:

China discovered denitrification in the 3rd century BC. 2000 years before the West. Before the invention of gunpowder, we must first realize its three components, and the most important component is saltpeter. I knew nothing about it before the Middle Ages. As far as Europe and China are concerned, this material is rich in resources and can be distinguished from other minerals and purified. The identification of saltpeter is based on the color reaction of the surface. The purple flame from saltpeter combustion verified the existence of potassium. At least in the 3rd century BC, people in China used this method to determine whether saltpeter existed. China's discovery laid the foundation for the later inventions of gunpowder, saltpeter and saltpeter.

3 1, the world's highest canal-Lingqu.

In the west, a contour canal was built in13rd century, which is about 1600 years longer than China.

32, three-dimensional map:

China invented the latest 3D map in the 3rd century BC.