The five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council

The permanent members of the United Nations Security Council are the five founding members of the United Nations Security Council and the five major countries in the anti-fascist allies during World War II.

Article 23, paragraph 1, of the Charter of the United Nations clearly stipulates: "The Republic of China, France, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the United States of America shall be members of the Security Council ”

In 1971, the seat of the Republic of China was replaced by the People’s Republic of China. In 1991, the seat of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the Soviet Union was replaced by the Russian Federation.

China became a permanent member of the Security Council

During the Tehran Conference, Roosevelt held a 45-minute private meeting with Stalin on the afternoon of November 29, 1943. During the meeting, Roosevelt described in detail his vision for the United Nations organization, including the issue of "world police".

Roosevelt believed that the future United Nations organization should be composed of three levels of institutions: the lowest level was the General Assembly, which was composed of about 35 anti-fascist member states at the time. This body meets regularly in different locations, and each country has an equal right to express its views and make recommendations to a smaller body. The middle level is the Executive Committee, with participants from the Soviet Union, the United States, the United Kingdom, and China, plus two European countries, a South American country, a Near Eastern country, a Far Eastern country, and a British Empire (later changed to the Commonwealth) Dominion. , a total of 10 to 11 countries. This body has the power to deal with all non-military issues, and the decisions it makes have certain binding force on all relevant countries. The highest level is the "Four Police" agency, composed of the Soviet Union, the United States, the United Kingdom and China. This agency will have the power to quickly deal with any incidents and emergencies that pose a threat to peace.

In answering Stalin's question, Roosevelt further added that when peace may be threatened, the "Four Policemen" have two ways to deal with it: One situation is if the threat arises from the revolution of a small country Or to expand, the "Four Police" can adopt isolation methods, seal the borders of relevant countries and impose embargoes. The second scenario is that if the threat is more serious, the four major powers will act as "police" and issue an ultimatum to the country in question; if this ultimatum is rejected, bombing and possible military attacks will be carried out immediately against the country. .

Stalin agreed with Roosevelt's idea of ??strengthening sanctions. He believed that the highest level body of the United Nations should not only have the power to make decisions, but also have the power to control important military strongholds around Germany and Japan to prevent this. The two countries once again embarked on the path of aggression.

Stalin emphasized that in order to prevent aggression, it was not enough to establish a few proposed institutions. It was necessary to have the power to occupy important strategic points in Europe and the Far East, to surround Germany and Japan, and to launch attacks on them when they appeared. When there is danger of invasion, shoot them down.

The Soviet Union maintained that the "world police" should be composed of the United States, the Soviet Union, and the United Kingdom, and China had no right to be included. As early as October 1943, when the Soviet Union, the United States and Britain held a foreign ministers' meeting in Moscow, when U.S. Secretary of State Hull proposed to include the review of the "Four-Power Declaration on Universal Security" on the agenda of the meeting, Soviet Foreign Minister Molotov raised objections. The Soviet Union's true intention was to exclude China, but the reason it proposed was that China did not participate in the meeting, and it was inappropriate for the Three-Power Conference to discuss the declaration documents of the four major powers. Hull insisted on listing China as a co-sponsor of the declaration, and even stated that he would not hesitate to pay for the failure to reach an agreement at the meeting. In the end, Molotov compromised and agreed to leave the issue of China's status to be discussed later.

Concerned that the United States might insist on winning over Chiang Kai-shek's China, Stalin proposed an alternative. He suggested the formation of two organizations: one was a European organization, consisting of the United States, Britain, the Soviet Union, and possibly another European country; the other was a Far Eastern organization or a world organization, or a European organization plus a Far Eastern organization, or a European organization plus a world organization. The plan is very thorough and the words are very tactful. The ultimate goal is to prevent China from entering the ranks of the "world police". Britain also advocates that the world should be ruled by the "Three Policemen" rather than the "Four Policemen".

Roosevelt still insisted on his own ideas. He said on multiple occasions: “In the future, a China that remains invincible will play an appropriate role in maintaining peace and prosperity not only in East Asia, but also in the world.

"He said that he did not realize that China is still very weak at present, but he thought about the further future. After all, China is a country with a population of 400 million. It is better to treat it as a friend than as a potential source of trouble. Some. He said: "As a member of the Supreme Council of the world organization, China will make this organization global, which will help to rally Asia and make it loyal to this organization. "

Due to the repeated insistence of the U.S. government, China has entered the "world police" group.

China resumed its seat in the United Nations

October 25, 1971, Vol. The 26th United Nations General Assembly overwhelmingly passed Resolution 2758, deciding to restore New China's legal seat in the United Nations. This draft resolution was sponsored by Albania, Algeria, Myanmar, Ceylon (now Sri Lanka), Cuba, Equatorial Guinea, and Guinea. , Iraq, Mali, Mauritania, Nepal, Pakistan, Democratic Republic of Yemen, Democratic People's Republic of Congo, Romania, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Syrian Arab Republic, United Democratic Republic of Tanzania It was jointly proposed by 23 countries, including Yemen, Yugoslavia, and Zambia, and supported by 53 other countries. As people often say, it was the vast number of developing countries that "lifted" China into the United Nations. The victory of the Chinese people is also a victory of all countries that uphold justice. It has a historical impact on the international situation and the development of the United Nations. Salim, the then Permanent Representative of Tanzania to the United Nations, said, “This is a declaration to the world: Third World countries, small and medium-sized countries. Countries can express their opinions proudly on the United Nations forum."