Kneel for the archives of Qu Yuan, Du Fu, Li Qingzhao, Su Shi, Su Wu and Hawking with 500 words each. Thank you! ! !

Qu Yuan, a native of Danyang (now Zigui, Hubei) at the end of the Warring States Period, was a descendant of Qu Xian, the son of Chu Wuwang Xiong Tong. Although Qu Yuan was loyal to Chu Huaiwang, he was repeatedly rejected. After the death of King Huai, Xiang Wang was exiled because he listened to slanderers, and finally died in the Miluo River. Qu Yuan is one of the greatest romantic poets in China, and also the earliest known famous poet and world cultural celebrity in China. The style of Chuci, which he created, is unique in the history of China literature, and it is also called "Sao" with the Book of Songs, which has had a positive impact on later poetry creation. It also created the tradition of "vanilla beauty". His representative works include Li Sao and Nine Songs. Li Sao is the representative work of Qu Yuan and the longest romantic political lyric poem in the history of ancient poetry in China. The poet described his life experience, moral character and ideal, expressed the anguish and contradiction that he was slandered to death, rebuked the fatuity of the king of Chu, the madness of the villain group and the ineffective governance of Japan, and showed the poet's fighting spirit of adhering to the ideal of "beautiful politics", attacking the dark reality, not colluding with evil forces and his patriotic enthusiasm to death.

I am a descendant of Emperor Levin ... Come first, doffer! It is the first part: describing the poet's family background, birth name, and how to actively study by himself and exercise his quality and talent.

The purity of the past and the future ... the digitalization of spiritual practice. The second part: The frustration the poet encountered in the process of realizing his political ideal.

Because I am the ninth of Zilan ... I am willing to follow Peng Xian's legacy. It is the third part: after the political career of the poet suffered setbacks, he did not shrink back or be discouraged, and set up education to cultivate talents for the country. However, in the environment of "everyone is greedy", many people are vulgar-this is the poet's second setback, but the poet himself still actively studied and did what Peng Xian left behind.

Take a deep breath to hide your tears ... and consolidate the thickness of the former saint! It is the fourth part: because of the poet's maverick, it immediately caused the greed of the mediocre people in the world, made the poet encounter setbacks again, and the poet fell into a lonely and desperate situation. However, the poet is still unyielding, willing to "hide innocence to die straight" and unwilling to yield to the secular: "back rope ink to pursue happiness."

I feel sorry for the ignorance of Tao ... how can I be punished? The fifth part: this poet, who experienced hardships and setbacks and fell into a lonely and desperate situation, further developed the process of contradiction, hesitation, depression and pursuit of ideals, as well as the struggle of his soul, and finally strengthened his moral sentiments and political ideals.

This girl's heart is full of love ... with the tide of excess. Part VI: Because of her daughter's persuasion, the poet had to come to Zhong Hua and present his views to him, hoping to arouse sympathy.

Kneel down and give a speech ... how can I bear to die here? It is the seventh part: after the poet expounded his political proposition of "promoting talents and empowering people" in front of Zhong Hua, he led to the fantasy realm of "wandering up and down", fully expressing the poet's strong feelings that he could not survive in the world.

Brief introduction of du fu

Du Fu (A.D. 7 12-770), Han nationality, with beautiful words, was named Shaoling Yelao, Du Shaoling and Du Gongbu. China was a great realistic poet in ancient times, and was called "Poet Saint". He wrote 1400 poems in his life. Originally from Xiangyang, Hubei Province, Gong County, Henan Province. The distant ancestor was Du Yu, a famous poet in the early Tang Dynasty, and his father was Du Xian. Tang Suzong, Official Left Addendum. After he entered Shu, he was recommended by his friends as a staff officer of Ren Jiannan Drug Rehabilitation Center, and Yuan Wailang was appointed as the school's engineering department. Therefore, later generations also called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu.

Du Fu studied and traveled before he was thirty-five. During the Tianbao period, he went to Chang 'an and had no way to join the army. After ten years of hardships, he won a small position in which you Wei led Cao to join the army. At the beginning of An Shi Rebellion, he was exiled and captured by the rebels. After getting out of danger, the official got a left pickup truck. In the second year of Gan Yuan (759), he abandoned his official position and went west. Finally he went to Sichuan and settled in Chengdu. He once played Yuan Wailang in Jiannan Our Time Yanwu, so he was also named Du Gongbu. In his later years, his family moved eastward, staying in Kuizhou for two years and leaving the gorge. Wandering in Hubei and Hunan, he died of poverty and illness.

Zi Mei lived in the historical period from prosperity to decline in the Tang Dynasty. Her poems are mostly about social unrest, political darkness and people's sufferings, which is called "the history of poetry". He cares about the country and the people, has a noble personality and exquisite poetic skills, and is known as the "poet saint".

Du Fu is good at using many systems of classical poetry and creatively developing them. He is the pioneer of the new Yuefu poetry style. His Yuefu poems contributed to the development of the new Yuefu movement in the middle Tang Dynasty. His "May 7th" ancient novel, which is also a history of poetry, begins to narrate and focus on the whole story, marking the high achievement of China's poetry art. Du Fu also showed extraordinary creativity in the May 7th law, and accumulated complete artistic experience in the aspects of temperament, antithesis and refining words and sentences, which made this genre reach a fully mature stage. Du Gongbu has been handed down from generation to generation.

Du Fu is as famous as Li Bai and is known as the "Great Du Li" in the world. The core of his thought is the Confucian thought of benevolent government. He has a great ambition of "making the monarch Yao and Shun superior first, and then making the customs pure". He loves life, people and the great rivers and mountains of the motherland. He hated evil, criticized and exposed the corruption of the imperial court and the dark phenomenon in social life. He sympathized with the people and even fantasized that he was willing to make self-sacrifice to save their suffering. Therefore, his poetry creation always runs through the main line of worrying about the country and the people, which shows Du Fu's greatness. His poems are rich in social content, rich in the color of the times and distinctive in political inclination, which truly and profoundly reflect the political current affairs and broad social life prospect of a historical era before and after the An Shi Rebellion, and are called the "history of poetry" of a generation. The style of Du Fu's poems is basically "gloomy and frustrated", and the language and text structure are full of changes, emphasizing the refinement of words and sentences. At the same time, his poems have many styles. Besides the five ancient poems, the seven ancient poems, the five laws and the seven laws, he also wrote many lines. There are also various artistic techniques, which are the epitome of the ideological art of Tang poetry. Du Fu also inherited the spirit of Yuefu in Han and Wei Dynasties, got rid of the shackles of the ancient Yuefu themes and created many new Yuefu themes, such as the famous Three Officials and Three Farewells. After his death, he was highly praised by Huang Fan, Han Yu, Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi. Du Fu's poems had a far-reaching influence on Bai Yuan's literary thought of "New Yuefu Movement" and Li Shangyin's near-body allegorical current affairs poems. However, Du Fu's poems were widely valued after the Song Dynasty. Yu Wang, Wang Anshi, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Lu You and others highly praised Du Fu, while Wen Tianxiang regarded Du Fu's poems as a spiritual force to adhere to national integrity. The influence of Du Fu's poems, from ancient times to the present, has long gone beyond the scope of literature and art. For details of his life, see Old Tang Book 190. This is Du Gongbu.

Three Officials and Three Farewells are the representative works of Du Fu's realistic poems. It truly describes the thoughts, feelings, actions and language of county officials, customs officials, old women, old people, brides, husbands and others in a specific environment, vividly reflects the social reality of that period and the profound disasters and pains of working people, and shows people tragic life tragedies.

Brief introduction of Li Qingzhao

Li Qingzhao (born in 1084 March13 ~1kloc-0/55 May 12), a poetess in the Song Dynasty, was born in Jinan (now Jinan, Shandong). She was born on February 5th (13) in the 7th year of Yuanfeng (A.D. 1084) and died on April 10th (12) in the 25th year of Shaoxing (A.D.10/55). He lived a rich life in his early years. Together with her husband Zhao Mingcheng, he devoted himself to the collection and arrangement of epigraphy and calligraphy, and engaged in academic research. Like-minded, happy life. Nomads from the Central Plains, living in the south, Zhao Mingcheng died of illness, and Li Qingzhao was alone. Experienced the prosperity and danger in the late Northern Song Dynasty and the turmoil in the early Southern Song Dynasty.

[Ding Jiageng, a famous calligrapher, wrote three poems by Li Qingzhao in small letters]

Ding Jiageng, a famous calligrapher, wrote three poems by Li Qingzhao in lowercase letters.

Li Qingzhao was a rare talented woman in ancient China. She is good at calligraphy and painting, and is familiar with epigraphy, especially poetry. Her ci works are unique and spread through the ages, and are known as "a great poet". Her ci can be divided into early stage and late stage. In the early stage, write more about your leisure life, describe your love life and natural scenery, and use beautiful rhymes. Such as "dried plums". Later, I lamented my life experience, recalled my hometown and felt sad. For example, slow voice. Her personality is as awe-inspiring as her works. She has both women's Shu Xian and men's fortitude; There are both the cynicism of ordinary people and lofty patriotic feelings. She is not only talented and knowledgeable, but also has lofty ideals and heroic ambitions. She has made many achievements in the field of literature. Among her contemporaries, her poetry, prose and ci theory are outstanding. However, she worked the hardest, achieved the highest success and had the greatest influence on the creation of ci. Her ci reached the acme of art and formed her own unique artistic style-"Yi 'an Style". She does not pursue exquisite ornamentation, but extracts expressive "eight tones of common language", expresses her keen feelings about things around her by line drawing, depicts delicate psychological activities, expresses rich and varied emotional experiences and creates vivid artistic images. In her poems, sincere feelings and perfect forms are integrated. She developed the graceful school of "endless words and endless feelings" to the peak, thus winning the position of the "originator" of graceful poets. At the same time, the bold style of her poems made her unique in the Song Dynasty, which had a great influence on Xin Qiji, Lu You and later poets. Her outstanding artistic achievements won high praise from later scholars. Later generations thought that her ci "not only looked down on women, but wanted to overwhelm men's eyebrows", and was called "the greatest poetess in the Song Dynasty and also the greatest poetess in the history of China literature".

There are works handed down from ancient times such as Collected Works of Yi 'an Jushi. Representative works include Slow Voice, Pruning Plums, Dreaming Like a Dream, Summer Poems, Drunk Flowers, Wulingchun and so on. Li Qingzhao's literary creation has a distinctive and unique artistic style. As one of the representatives of graceful and restrained school, it has a great influence on later generations and is unique in the field of ci, which is called "Yi 'an Style". Her famous words; Live and be a man among men; Die and become the soul in the soul.

Brief introduction of Su Shi

Su Shi, also known as Su Dongpo. According to historical records, Su Shi was "more than eight feet three inches long and generous as the sea". Su Shi is the second son of Su Xun (the eldest son died). In the second year of Jiayou (1057), he was a scholar with his younger brother Su Zhe. Dali was appointed as the judge and signed the book Fengxiang House. In the second year of Xining (1069), he returned to the DPRK after the expiration of his father's funeral system and sued the judge in court. Because he disagrees with the political views of Prime Minister Wang Anshi, he opposes the implementation of the new law (not completely disagreeing, but partially agreeing). He opposed it in the early stage, went deep into the people in the later stage, learned the benefits of the new law, and turned to favor the good aspects of the new law. ), from outside, out of Hangzhou. Later moved to Mizhou (now Zhucheng, Shandong Province) and moved to Xuzhou. In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), he was involved in a "Wutai Poetry Case" and was responsible for granting Huangzhou (now Huanggang, Hubei Province) as an envoy. He was placed in this state and was not allowed to sign official documents. The Empress Dowager Zhelai came to the DPRK, returned to the DPRK to serve Lang Zhi, and went to Dengzhou (now Penglai, Shandong). Four months later, he was transferred to the Ministry of Ritual as a doctor and served for less than ten days. In addition to housing, he also moved to the Library of China, and moved to Hanlin imperial academy (Second Product) to know the tribute of does. Yuan You four years (1089), out of Hangzhou, then changed to Yingzhou, Yangzhou and Dingzhou. In the eighth year of Yuan You (1093), he took charge of the government, relegated Huizhou (now Huizhou City, Guangdong Province), and later joined Changhua Army (now Danzhou City, Hainan Province). Hui Zong acceded to the throne and returned to the north after being pardoned. Zhong Jian Yuan (11kloc-0/) died in Changzhou (now in Jiangsu) and was buried in Tancheng County, Ruzhou (now in Jiaxian County, Henan Province), at the age of 66, posthumous title Wenzhong (male).

Brief introduction of Su Wu

Su Wu (former 140- former 60), Zi Zijing, born in Ling Du (now southwest of Xi, Shaanxi Province), was the son of Su Jian. In his early years, he took his father's shadow as his own lang and moved to the stable prison slightly. In the first year of Tianhan (before 100), I worshipped the corps commander. At that time, the relationship between the Han Dynasty in the Central Plains and the Xiongnu, a minority regime in the northwest, was good and bad. In BC 100, the Xiongnu regime Sinkhan ascended the throne. As a gesture of friendship, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Su Wu to lead 100 people and brought many possessions to the Huns. Unexpectedly, when Su Wu completed his mission and prepared to return to China, civil strife broke out in the upper Huns, and Su Wu and his party were implicated, detained and asked to betray the Han Dynasty and submit to Khan.

At first, Khan sent someone to lobby Su Wu, promising him a generous salary and high officials, but Su Wu flatly refused. Seeing that persuasion was useless, the Huns decided to use torture. It was winter and it was snowing heavily. Khan ordered Su Wu to be locked in an open cellar, without food and water, hoping that this would change Su Wu's faith. Over time, Su Wu was tortured in the cellar. When he was thirsty, he ate a handful of snow. When he is hungry, he will chew the sheepskin jacket he wears. After several days, Su Wu, who was dying, still refused to give in and had to let Su Wu out.

Khan knew that there was no hope of persuading Su Wu to surrender, but he respected Su Wu's integrity more and more, didn't have the heart to kill Su Wu, and didn't want him to return to his own country, so he decided to exile Su Wu to Siberia's Baikal region and let him shepherd sheep. Before he left, Khan summoned Su Wu and said, "Since you don't surrender, I'll let you go herding sheep. When the ram gives birth to a lamb, I will let you go back to the Central Plains. "

After being separated from his companions, Su Wu was exiled to the inaccessible Lake Baikal. Here, you can't escape on your own. Su Wu was accompanied only by envoys representing the Han Dynasty and a small flock of sheep. Su Wu takes this knot to herd sheep every day, thinking that one day he can bring it back to his own country. In this way, day after day, year after year, all the ornaments on the envoys fell off, and Su Wu's hair and beard turned white.

At that time, it was in Lake Baikal, Suwu Shepherd 19. For more than ten years, Khan, the Xiongnu who ordered his imprisonment, has passed away. Even in Su Wu, the old emperor died and his son succeeded to the throne. At that time, Khan carried out the policy of reconciliation with the Han Dynasty, and Zhao Han immediately sent a special envoy to bring Su Wu back to his country.

Later, the envoys of the Han Dynasty came to the Xiongnu area and finally learned that Su Wu was still alive, so they threatened that the emperor of the Han Dynasty had killed a wild goose in Shanglinyuan, and the goose's feet were tied with silk, making it clear that Su Wu was in the swamp in the north. Khan had to return Su Wu and other nine people.

In the sixth year of Zhao Di's reign, that is, 8 1 year BC, Su Wu finally returned to Chang 'an. The following year, Shangguan Jie, Shangguan 'an and Sang Hongyang were charged with rebellion. Su Wu has a good relationship with Shangguan and Sang Hongyang, and his son is also involved. Su Wu was removed from office. After the death of Emperor Zhao, Su Wu was created as the Hou of Guan Nei for his participation in the establishment of Xuan Di, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty.

Hawking Profile

Stephen Hawking 1942 1.8 was born in Oxford, England. This is a special day. Galileo, the founder of modern science, died on the same day 300 years ago. 1942 65438+/kloc-0 was born in Cambridge on October 8th.

The family moved to St. Albans on 1950.

1959 Entering Oxford University

1962 graduated from Oxford and went to Cambridge for postgraduate study.

1963 was diagnosed as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

From 65438 to 0965, she got a doctorate from Cambridge University and married Jenny Wilder.

The eldest son Robert was born.

Daughter Lucy was born/started to use a wheelchair.

1973 published the first book "The Structure of Time and Space".

1974 announced the discovery of black hole radiation and became a member of the Royal Society.

1977 was appointed Professor of Gravitational Physics at Cambridge University.

1979, Timothy, the second son, was born/appointed Lucas Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University/198 1 published Review of General Relativity: Commemorating Einstein's Centennial Birthday. He attended the Vatican Cosmology Congress and announced the borderless thought/published Space-time and Gravity/was awarded the Senior Knight of the British Empire.

He fell ill in Switzerland on 1985/underwent tracheotomy and lost his language ability. He published A Brief History of Time: From the Big Bang to the Black Hole in 1988 with a computer with a sound generator/and won the Wolf Foundation Award.

1989 was awarded the title of honorary knight of the British Empire.

1990 Divorce with his wife

199 1 time brief history release.

1993 "black hole and baby universes" and other papers were published.