The Development Course of Beihai Bank

1The Lugouqiao Incident on July 7th, 937 opened the curtain for China people's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. Japanese invaders invaded Shandong in August, and soon Dezhou, Pingyuan, Yucheng and Jiyang fell one after another. In the middle of June+10, 5438, the Shandong Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China secretly held an emergency meeting in Jinan, formulated a ten-point program for guerrilla warfare against Japan, and made a decision to launch anti-Japanese armed uprisings in various places to establish people's political power.

1March 8, 938, Zhongye County Committee held an armed uprising. Under the leadership of Zheng Yaonan, the commander-in-chief, he conquered the county seat, shot Liu, the traitor county magistrate, set up the "Third Detachment of Jiaodong Anti-Japanese Guerrilla", established the earliest anti-Japanese democratic government in Shandong, and set up a financial and economic committee. In April, Beihai Bank was established, and Zheng Yaonan entrusted Zhang Yutian, former general manager of Qingdao Zhonglu Bank, to take charge of the preparatory work. The original Beihai Bank was a public-private partnership. At the beginning of August, 1938, Yexian edition of Beihai Bank was issued with the words "Beihai Bank" inscribed on it. The first and second corners of the issue are characterized by Yecheng Vulcan Pavilion, the fifth corner by Yecheng Drum Tower, and the first one by Yexian Anti-Japanese Democratic Government Building. The word "Zhenyuan" is signed in the lower right corner of the banknote, indicating that it was designed and drawn by Deng Zhenyuan, a native of Yexian County. This is the earliest batch of North Sea paper money. Because of its small circulation, small circulation range and short circulation time, these banknotes stamped with the words "Xian Ye" are rare.

1On August 5th, 938, the "Beihai Administrative Supervision Department" based on Penglai, Yexian and Huangxian Anti-Japanese Base Areas was established in Huangxian, with Cao Manzhi as the Commissioner. Subsequently, the head office of Beihai Bank was located in Yexian County, with offices in Penglai and Huangxian County, as the manager of the head office, the deputy manager of Chen Ren Head Office and the director of Huangxian County Office. During this period, the currency of Beihai Bank still used the Yexian version, but the printing color and number stamp were changed, and the name of Yexian county was not stamped, which was convenient for the circulation of the three counties under the jurisdiction of Beihai Office.

1938 12 1 Shortly after Beihai Bank opened in Yexian, the Japanese puppet troops attacked Yexian on a large scale. 65438+1October 65438+June 6, Ye County fell, leading the staff of Beihai Bank to move to Huangxian in a hurry, and then moved to Penglai after the fall of Huangxian. In Beigou, Penglai, Zhang Yutian took refuge in Zhao Baoyuan, the brigade commander of the third brigade of Luba District of the Kuomintang stationed in Laiyang. The early Beihai Bank temporarily closed down. 1April, 939, the central government criticized Shandong for canceling the Beihai Committee and Beihai Bank. In mid-May, the * * * Central Committee issued the "Instructions on the Work in Jiaodong", and put forward the relevant principles and policies for establishing the anti-Japanese base area in Jiaodong and developing local armed forces. According to the instructions of China Shandong Branch, the Party Committee of Jiaodong District resumed the organizational system of Beihai Bank in Zhanggezhuang (now Laixi City, Shandong Province) located at the junction of Laiyang and Zhaoyuan in Jiaodong District in August 1895- 1988, and appointed Chen (a native of Longkou, Shandong Province) as its president. In September, Donghai Banknote Printing Factory (later Jiaodong Banknote Printing Factory No.2) was established in Yexian County to print and distribute the Jiaodong version of Beihai Bank Currency. The Yexian version of the ticket was still used, and the name of Jiaodong was changed, and the number, seal and color were changed. With the expansion of our anti-Japanese base area, the Yexian version of the one-dollar coupon was stamped with the sub-regional circulation of "East China Sea, South China Sea, South China Sea and North China".

On June 1940 and 1 day, Qinghe Beihai Bank was established in Shouguang with the words "Qing, Qinghe" stamped on its face. At the same time, Qinghe Banknote Printing Factory was built in Xujiazhuang, Linzi County. 194 1 moved to boxing county in March and moved to Guangrao soon. After the "Xinzhuang Incident" in February, 1942 (the village head of Xinzhuang rebelled and all the staff of the banknote printing factory were captured), Huilu Village of Kenli County rebuilt the Qinghe banknote printing factory, and under the extremely difficult war environment, Beihai bank notes stamped with the words "Qinghe" were successively printed and issued.

1940 In August, the head office of Beihai Bank was established in Qingtuo Temple (now yinan county, Shandong Province) in Linyi County, central Shandong Province, with Ai Chun 'an (1901-kloc-0/987, Mizhi, Shaanxi Province) as the president and Sahai as the president. After the establishment of the head office, the bank set out to build a banknote printing factory. 194 1 In the spring of, the banknote printing factory was put into operation in Daliangyu Village, Wen Yi Town, yinan county, and the first batch of Beihai bank coins printed with the words "Shandong" were printed. Before and after the establishment of the head office, Qinghe Beihai Bank was changed to Qinghe Sub-branch of Beihai Bank, with Wang (Taian, Shandong Province) as the president of the sub-branch, and continued to issue Beihai Bank currency stamped with the word "Qinghe"; Jiaodong Beihai Bank was renamed as Beihai Bank Jiaodong Sub-branch, and its president was Chen. 194 1 In August, Wendeng Printing Factory was merged into Donghai Banknote Printing Factory, and was renamed Jiaodong Banknote Printing Factory No.2 at the end of the same year, but the printed Beihai banknotes could not meet the actual needs. 194 1 At the end of the year, the No.1 Jiaodong banknote printing factory was established in Qixia, and the Beihai banknotes printed with the words "Jiaodong" were printed and distributed. The issue of currency in Beihai Bank was carried out in the struggle against the enemy, counterfeit currency and legal tender. Compared with other regions, Jiaodong District basically established a unified currency market with Beihai Bank as its bookkeeping base currency in August 1942. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Jiaodong Banknote Printing Factory No.1, No.2 and Shandong Plate Making Factory were merged into Jiaodong Banknote Printing Factory. At the beginning of 1948, it was renamed as Beihai Bank Banknote Printing Factory No.3, and later developed into Jinan No.2 Printing Factory, which printed the first set of RMB offset printing (the famous red and blue trains and bridges were printed by it).

194 1 Jilubian Branch was established in July, and its president, Galazeng (from Yanshan County, Hebei Province), established Jilubian Banknote Printing Factory in Leling County in August. 1August, 942, moved to Haixing County, Hebei Province, and successively printed and issued Beihai Bank currency stamped with "Jilubian". In July, 194 1 set up an office in Binhai District, with Wang as the office director. 1942 In February, Binhai Banknote Printing Factory was established. In September, Binhai Office was changed to Binhai Branch, with Wang (a native of Linzi, Shandong Province) as the president of the branch, and Beihai Bank Coin stamped with the word "Binhai" was successively issued. Lunan district began to set up an office in the autumn of 1942, with Geng Jingshan as the director of the office, and soon the office was changed to a branch under the leadership of Binhai Branch. Lunan Sub-branch was established in July 1944, and its president is Geng Jingshan (from Jinxiang, Shandong). 1946 65438+ 10 Ren Zhiming (Shaanxi Mizhi) was transferred as the president of the branch. Lunan district didn't print banknotes at first, and all the banknotes issued were transferred from Binhai Sub-branch. /kloc-in the winter of 0/944, Lunan Banknote Printing Factory was established in Tianbaoshan District, Pingyi County, and Beihai Bank Notes stamped with the words "Lunan" were printed and distributed. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Lunan Branch moved to tengxian from the countryside, and Lunan Banknote Printing Factory merged with Luzhong Banknote Printing Factory within one year. All Beihai bank notes stamped with the words "Lunan" are rare. At the beginning of 1943, the morphology of central Shandong deteriorated. In March, the head office of Beihai Bank moved to Binhai District, and Binhai Branch was merged into the head office. 1April, 943, after the head office moved out of Luzhong, Luzhong Branch was established, with Jia Hong (from Taian, Shandong) as the president of the branch. 1944 Ma, Deputy Director of Xialuzhong Administrative Office and concurrently President of Luzhong Sub-branch. From June 65438 to August 0945, Liu succeeded the president of the branch and successively issued the currency of Beihai Bank stamped with the words "Luzhong". /kloc-in the autumn of 0/943, the Hebei-Shandong branch merged with the Qinghe branch to form the Bohai branch in Kenli County. Wang, the financial director of Bohai Management Office, is also the president of the branch. At the end of 1944, Wang succeeded as the president of the branch. At the same time, Jilubian Banknote Printing Factory was merged into Qinghe Banknote Printing Factory, and Bohai Banknote Printing Factory was established to print and issue the currency of "Bohai" Beihai Bank. Because of the war, it moved to Zhanhua County in the spring of 1944. During this period, the Shandong version of Beihai Bank currency issued by the head office and Beihai Bank currency issued by branches were only used in various regions. Before and after War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's victory, Beihai Bank developed in full swing, and the banknote printing factory also developed and expanded, and its main work was transferred from rural areas to cities. The head office of Beihai Bank moved back to Luzhong District from Binhai District, the original Luzhong Sub-branch was merged into the head office, the newly established Luzhong Sub-branch was stationed in Boshan, and the Binhai Sub-branch was changed into a directly affiliated branch. From August 1944, the Shandong version of Beihai Bank Currency issued by the Head Office was expanded from Luzhong District to Luzhong District and lunan district. With the comprehensive establishment of the anti-Japanese base area, the currency of Beihai Bank began to circulate in Shandong in equal value in August 1945. At the end of 1946, Mu Chen led Huazhong Bank and its banknote printing factory to withdraw from Shandong in the north. Under the unified leadership of East China Bureau, Huazhong Bank merged with Beihai Bank. 1947 On August 6th, Mu Chen (19 10- 1996, from Nanjing, Jiangsu) succeeded Ai Chunan as the president of Beihai Bank. On June 5th, 1948, 10 Shandong Beihai Bank Coin, North China Jinan Bank Coin and Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Border Coin were circulated at fixed prices. On June 6th, 1 16, it was announced that Beihai Bank Coin and Central China Bank Coin were in equal circulation. During this period, the currency of Beihai Bank was not stamped with place names, which was convenient for circulation outside Shandong.