Introduction to Jingjiang dialect?

Jingjiang dialect Jingjiang mainly has two dialects: Lao 'an dialect and Shashang dialect. There are also several small dialects: Taixing dialect, Rugao dialect, Chongming dialect, Jiasha dialect, where Shashang dialect and Lao 'an dialect are merged. Lao 'an dialect, Chongming dialect and Jiasha dialect belong to Wu dialect, while Shashang dialect, Taixing dialect and Rugao dialect belong to Jianghuai dialect. Lao 'an dialect is the representative dialect of Jingjiang City, and its population accounts for 7 1% of the city's population. Usually, the so-called "Jingjiang dialect" is "Old Shore dialect". Let's talk about the characteristics of Jingjiang dialect first. Jingjiang dialect, like dried pork and Jinbo wine in Jingjiang, has a unique flavor. There are many initials in Jingjiang dialect that vibrate when pronounced. If you put your finger on your throat and pronounce the words "embrace, lack, Tao, help, build, bridge, less, kneel and be noble" in Jingjiang dialect, your finger will feel a slight vibration. They are all representatives of initials. Jingjiang dialect has a full set of voiced initials, which is a remarkable symbol of Wu dialect and a basic feature different from Putonghua. Jingjiang people will never say "photography" or write "ground" as "de", just because "image" and "ground" are voiced initials, and "phase" and "de" are unvoiced initials, which have different pronunciations in Jingjiang dialect. When people in non-Wu dialect areas study Jingjiang activities, they often refer to "rice" as "water arrival" and "comedy" as "foot washing". Books and newspapers often write "Shuo" where it should be, because the initials of those authors are confusing in their mother tongue. Jingjiang dialect is not warped, which makes it difficult to distinguish between "poet", "private" and "wood" and "firewood". Distinguish the JianTuan in Jingjiang dialect, you won't say "old wine" as "Laojiu", "wife" as "cheating", let alone "Taixing" as a homonym. Jingjiang dialect "n" and "l" are not mixed, unlike Nanjing people who say "brain" is "Laozi" and Yangzhou people who say "buying a basket" is "buying a man". Jingjiang dialect does not distinguish between Wu and Hu, nor does it distinguish between Wang and Huang. If you ask a gentleman, "What's your name?" He said, "My surname is Wang." You will definitely ask: "Three horizontal kings or grass heads are yellow?" In Jingjiang dialect, "moth" and "sentence", "biography" and "circle", "book" and "xu" are homophones respectively, which are different from Suzhou dialect, Taizhou dialect and Taixing dialect, which is another unique feature of Jingjiang life. There is no difference in nasal sounds before and after Jingjiang dialect. The word "human" is homophonic with the word "bright" and the word "tree root" is homophonic with the word "plowing". When Jingjiang learns Mandarin, he often refers to "a bumper harvest" as "a bumper harvest" because "en" and "eng" can't be distinguished. A striking feature of vowels in Jingjiang dialect is that "Jiang" is homophone with "Jian" and "Gun" is homophone with "Qian". Therefore, when people talk about "ten years", they always change it to "ten years" to avoid the vulgarity of hearing caused by the homonym of "year" and "year". Jingjiang dialect is dominated by single vowels, such as "Bao", "Kai", "Duo" and "Dui". Vowels are straightforward and don't need to turn. When someone has something to celebrate, relatives and friends often don't use the word "he" when singing congratulations on TV, just because "he" and "disaster" are homophonic in Jingjiang dialect. There is an intermediate sound "I" between the syllables of "Lou", "Tou", "Even" and "Hou" in Jingjiang dialect, which is rare in dialects all over the country and is a feature of vowels in Jingjiang dialect. Jingjiang dialect has seven tones. We try to use the words "tong", "tong", "unification", "pain", "hole", "baldness" and "poison" as the representatives of a tone and read them in Jingjiang dialect. Their ups and downs are different. Jingjiang dialect has two short tones of "baldness" and "poison", which are called Rusheng. Mandarin has no tone; Yangzhou dialect has entering tone, that is, "baldness" and "poison" are homonyms; Shashang dialect also has two entering tones, but the tone of "poison" is slightly higher than that of "bald", which is just the opposite of Lao 'an dialect. Jingjiang dialect has 28 consonants, 7 more than Mandarin. There are 54 vowels, 3 more than Mandarin. Jingjiang dialect has 567 basic syllables consisting of initials and finals, more than Mandarin 16 1. In this way, there are more syllables, fewer homophones and clearer phonetic expression. In addition, the formation of Jingjiang dialect. Jingjiang dialect is like Jiangnan dialect and the region is not in Jiangnan; Jingjiang is in Jiangbei, and his words are not like Jiangbei dialect. How did this unique language individual come into being? We analyze the situation of Jingjiang immigrants in three stages. The first stage: the first human habitation period. At the beginning of Jingjiang landing, Wu Dadi sent people to release their horses here, and the sergeant who released his horses was the earliest ancestor of Jingjiang. At that time, the language of Jingjiang was mainly "military language"; Even the military language should belong to the Wu language, because most of those soldiers were recruited from the south of the Yangtze River by Sun Quan, whose ancestral home is Wu Jun. For example, Jingjiang was first named as "herding horses to carry sand", which was misinterpreted by later generations as "white horse to carry sand", because the homonym of "herding" and "white" in Wu language is even the same, and "big" and "carrying" are even contemporary. The second stage: Jianghuai refugee period. The earliest recorded immigrant in Jingjiang was Yue Fei's Crossing the Yangtze River into the Sand in the fourth year of the Southern Song Dynasty (1 130). Legend has it that the eight surnames of Zhu, Liu, Chen, Fan, Ma, Lu, Zheng and Qi in Jingjiang came from those immigrants. The language of those immigrants should also be Wu. Because Wu dialect is distributed in the south of Huaihe River and reaches Jiangxi, Fujian and other vast areas. In the early years of Southern Song Dynasty, the northern dialect system in Jianghuai area had not yet formed. Although the Jin people invaded south and the northern dialect moved south, the Jianghuai dialect was formed in the north of the Yangtze River, Jingjiang was located in the Yangtze River, and the traffic was blocked, which had little impact, and even an island of Wu dialect like this appeared. And the internal language difference is not big, which shows that it is quite stable. The third stage: it belongs to Jiangnan period. After the Yuan Dynasty, Jingjiang was placed under the jurisdiction of Jiangyin. At this time, some people in Jiangyin began to transfer to Jingjiang. For example, Liu Xing, a native of Jiangxi province at the end of the Yuan Dynasty, was named "Thousand Households" because of his meritorious service in fighting bandits, and his descendants immediately settled in Jiangyin, Massachusetts and other places where they belonged, becoming a giant Han. Fan Zihui, a descendant of Fan Zhongyan in the Ming Dynasty, first lived in Jiangyin. Later, his father was robbed and drowned in the river, that is, he was involved in Yunmasha with his brother, and his countryside gradually opened up. After Jingjiang was established as a county, it belonged to Changzhou Prefecture. In the following 500 years, Jiangnan was under the jurisdiction of 460 years. Jingjiang has frequent contacts with Jiangnan, and the immigrants from Jiangnan gradually increase, which further strengthens the Wu dialect attribute of Jingjiang dialect and drives Jingjiang dialect to develop into modern Wu dialect. In Jingjiang, although Jingjiang dialect and Jianghuai dialect are only separated by a river in many places, the basic characteristics of Jingjiang Wu dialect can never be changed. However, since ancient times, people have moved from the northern dialect area to Jingjiang, and Jingjiang dialect has been surrounded by Jianghuai dialect for a long time, which inevitably incorporates the components of Jianghuai dialect, especially in terms of words. For example, "face" is not called "face", "dressing" is not called "dressing", negative adverb "no" is not called "fu", personal pronoun is "I, you, he", and "where" is also called "which piece", which are similar to Jianghuai dialect. Finally, talk about the development of Jingjiang dialect. Language is constantly developing and changing, and Jingjiang dialect is no exception. For example, the old county annals said that "Beijing dialect means that you are more than me", but now only Tuqiao and Chang 'an at the eastern end of this city, Hong Guang and Xinfeng at the western end are occasionally used by the elderly, and no other places are used. It can be seen that the evolution of language is expanding from the center of economic and cultural development to the surrounding areas. Jingjiang has several distinctive common words. Jingjiang's interrogative pronoun "What" is called "Di Gao", which is just a little similar to Changzhou's "Bi Ge" and Danyang's "Gao De", but different from other places. Jingjiang dialect calls "Xi" as "Xiang", which may be a quick pronunciation of the word "Bai Xiang" in Jiangnan with Jingjiang sound, but the word "Bai" in it has been blurred into a voiced sound with "Xiang" as the initial. Jingjiang dialect calls "Zi" auspicious, which is also a chorus phenomenon. According to the records of Jingjiang county annals in Guangxu five years, Jingjiang originally called "children" as "children". "Xiao Nan", the voice changed to "Xiao An", and now some old people in some remote places in Jingjiang still say so. The pronunciation of "An" in Jingjiang is similar to that of "ng" in the nasal sound, so "Xiao 'an" becomes "siang" when you read it quickly. In Jingjiang dialect, there is only one word "Siang" with "iang" as the vowel, which shows its special origin! With the strengthening of Putonghua teaching in schools and the popularization of radio, film and television, Jingjiang dialect is getting closer and closer to Putonghua. For example, the word "dry" is now commonly pronounced as "dry", and few people pronounce it as "irrigation"; "County" is now commonly pronounced as "xian", and it is difficult to hear someone pronounce it as "yuan". Jingjiang used to be called "grandpa" and "dad", later called "grandma", and now it is generally called "grandpa". In the past, calling "mom" or "mom" was swearing, but now children generally call mom "mom". In the 1960s and 1970s, it was tacky to call husband and wife, but it was a bit embarrassing to call husband and wife as usual. Jingjiang dialect is located at the junction of Wu dialect and Jianghuai dialect. Wu dialect is the foundation, but due to the long-term influence of Jianghuai dialect, it has formed the characteristics of "having something in the south and something in the north". At present, the economic tide is surging, people come and go, five parties are mixed, and eight tones meet, which is a huge impact on local dialects. It is the development direction of Jingjiang dialect to move closer to the same language of the whole nation. Shashang dialect used by hundreds of thousands of people in Jingjiang Shashang is basically the same as Yangzhong dialect, which is the main source of immigrants, and belongs to Tongtai dialect in Jianghuai dialect (also known as Tairu dialect, the biggest feature is that the ancient voiced initials are aspirated and voiced regardless of flat and flat pronunciation). Due to the differences in rivers and administrative divisions, there are some differences in vocabulary between Shashang dialect and Yangzhong dialect. Today, this dialect is still used in Yangzhong city, all Qiwei towns in Taixing, Jianghua and Binjiang towns along the river, Yonganzhou town in Gaogang, Jiangyin and Ligang town, Chunjiang town, Weicun town and menghe town along the river, with a population of about 500,000. Shashang dialect has 2 1 initials, 48 finals and 6 tones.