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French (also known as French) belongs to the Romance family of Indo-European languages, including Romance (French, Italian, Sardinian dialect, Catalan, etc.). ), western romance (Spanish, Portuguese, etc. ) and oriental romance (Romanian, etc. ). It is one of the Romanesque languages with the largest number of users after Spanish. At present, 87 million people in the world use it as their mother tongue, and the other 654.38+0.9 billion people use it (including those who use it as a second language). French is the official language of many regions or organizations, such as the United Nations and the European Union. French and Canadian French are two branches of French in the world, and there are great differences between them.

French is phonography, and the meanings of words are mostly expressed by the combination of roots and affixes. This is obviously different from us in China. In addition, the word "Dharma" is also used in Buddhism, which means the Buddhism taught by the Buddha and the machine language taught by the bodhisattvas and teachers.

Historical origin

Although many French people think they are descendants of les gaulois, it seems that only a few Celtic influences remain on the French people today. Many words come from Latin or Germanic. In the 4th century AD, the Roman Empire ruled France, and Latin became popular in France. By the 5th century, Latin had widely replaced Celtic, which was originally used in France. In Gaul, with the increase of Roman immigrants, the common Latin used by Gauls merged into popular Latin, and the written Latin used as a scholar of high society began to decline. In the 5th century AD, the early Latin-speaking residents of Gaul began to merge with the Germanic-speaking Franks who entered Gaul with the great national migration. French began to lose unstressed syllables. In the 6th-7th century, popular languages became Unlanguage Composite. In the 8th century, the establishment of Charlemagne Empire began to standardize French. In the 9th century, Latin and Germanic finally merged into Romance. French became the only official language in France since the Capé dynasty in 939. The predecessor of modern French is Gaul Romance, which evolved from vulgar Latin.

Brief introduction to French dialects

(1) Provence Dialect Provence is a dialect of Occitan. Provencal itself can be subdivided into French-Provencal and Petroleum. The following focuses on Franco-Provence: this language includes Indo-European, Italian, Romance, Italian-Western, Gaul-Iberian and Gaul. Gallo-Romance Gaul -Richieu oil (with two dots on the letter I) southeast) France-Provence; ; Apeta speakers: 1 13400 Countries that use the language: Italy, France, Switzerland; Areas where this language is spoken: Valle Dhaos Tower, Piedmont, Foggia, French Comte, Sava, Brecey. Official status of Bugai, Donbass, beaujolais, Dove, Lyons, Freze and Swiss Romance: This language is protected in Italy and the autonomous region of Osta Valley.

Edit the geographical distribution of this part.

French is the first language of the following countries: France (60 million people speak French, including Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saint Pierre and Miquelon), Canada (6.7 million users, especially Quebec and New Brunswick), Belgium (4 million users, Walloon is a dialect of Languedio, which is significantly different from Belgian French) and Switzerland. Aise) French-speaking countries in Haiti

French is also the main second language in Algeria, Lebanon, Mauritius, Morocco, New Caledonia, Reunion and Tunisia. It is the official language and the only language used in schools in Comoros, Congo, French Polynesia, Gabon and Mali. It is the official language of Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, C? te d 'Ivoire, Guinea, Madagascar, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Seychelles, Togo, Vanuatu and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is also the common language of Andorra and Luxembourg. In addition, there are some French speakers in Egypt, Italy's Vallée d'Aoste, Laos, Mauritania, Britain (Chahe Island, Channel Islands), the United States (Acadia, Cajun) and Vietnam. La Francophonie is an international state and government organization that speaks French and illegal languages. The French have always been proud of their language. During the colonial period, the British Empire brought English to the vast colonies. After World War II, the powerful United States continued to spread English around the world, which made the status of French declining. The French are very angry about this and try their best to fight against the British cultural forces where they can. Nevertheless, French has been influenced by English to varying degrees in all aspects.

Edit the international status of this paragraph.

Because of its rigorous usage, French is used internationally to write such rigorous and important documents as legal provisions. The United Nations has adopted English as its first language and French as its first language. As one of the six working languages of the United Nations, French is widely used in the international community and diplomatic activities. As a language second only to English, it is not only the official language of France, but also the official language or common language of more than 40 countries and regions all over five continents. The number of French speakers is estimated to be around1.200 million. Although there are not many French speakers in the world, French-speaking countries are widely distributed. If English is the largest language in terms of the global distribution of languages, then French is the second largest language! French is the official language of the United Nations (UN) and its affiliated international organizations, the European Union (EU) and its affiliated institutions, the International Olympic Committee (IOC), the International Organization of la Francophonie (FIO), the World Trade Organization (WTO), the International Red Cross (IRC), NATO, FIFA and other international organizations.

International Olympic Committee and France

The International Olympic Committee (IOC) was established in 1894, and its headquarters was originally located in Paris, France, and moved to Lausanne, Switzerland in 19 15. The International Olympic Committee is the highest authority of the Olympic Movement and leads the Olympic Movement according to the Olympic Charter. It is an international, non-governmental, non-profit organization, with IOC plenary session, executive committee, secretariat and special committees. 198 1 year, the international Olympic Committee was recognized by the Swiss federal parliament as an international institution with unlimited legal personality. The official languages of the International Olympic Committee are French and English.

FIFA and France

Fé dé ration Internationale de Football Association (FIFA for short), originally headquartered in Paris, France, is normal to use French. At present, the official language of FIFA and the International Olympic Committee is also French. FIFA's office was initially located at No.229 St. Hongnor Street, and then moved to Zurich Railway Station Street 1932- 1954, and "Dward Villa" on Hitch Road in Zurich 1977. Zurich oros Street 1977- 1979, May 2 1 Day 1979, enter the new address, Hitchcock l 1 FIFA Building. And the official language of many international organizations is also French, because it is very strict.

French-speaking countries or regions

1. Countries whose official language is French are: France, France, Europe, Switzerland, Switzerland (French, German, English), Belgium, Belgium (French and Flemish), Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Monaco, Africa, C? te d 'Ivoire, C? French teaching in C? te d 'Ivoire

Chad Chad Rwanda Rwanda Central Africa Morocco Togo Gabon (French, English) Guinea Guinea Mali Burkina Faso Congo (citizen) Congo (democracy) Cameroon Cameron) Congo (Brazzaville) Congo (Brazzaville) Benin Niger Burundi Senegal Senegal Djibouti Madagascar Comoros Seychelles North America Canada (Quebec) Canada (Quebec) Haiti Vanuatu Vanuatu II. French-speaking countries and regions are: Tunisia, Tunisia, Morocco, Morris, Algeria, Algeria, Mauritania, Mauritius, Andorra, Guadeloupe, reunion island, French Guiana, Guyana, Fran? French Polynesia Porini West Asia French? Wallis islands and Futuna Islands of New Caledonia in New Caledonia.

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brief introduction

United Nations, World Trade Organization, Olympic Games and World Expo; China has a place in many international organizations, and countless facts prove that China will definitely become an economic power in the future. Therefore, foreign language teaching in China will be an important topic in the future. At the same time of economic opening-up, China also urgently needs to communicate with the outside world, which has brought economic growth to China. It is necessary to establish an effective foreign language learning system. French, despite its historical factors and international reputation, still lags behind in China compared with real international foreign language English. However, we also notice that in recent years, more and more people in China have begun to learn French: many colleges and universities have opened French departments, more and more middle school students take French as a second foreign language, and more and more people teach French.

China culture has aroused people's interest (movies, art, music ...). English plays a unique role in the foreign languages that China people learn, because middle school students and college students, and even primary school students in some large and medium-sized cities have to learn it. At present, there are 5 12 universities in China * * * which have opened English departments and offered English courses at various levels. As for other foreign languages, such as Russian and Japanese, there are 265, 438+07 and 78 university departments respectively, while there are 62 and 47 university departments in French and German respectively. In middle schools, only a few schools (foreign language schools) are allowed to offer foreign language courses other than English from the first grade. However, since the establishment of the 1997 middle school French teaching project, more than 3,000 students in the project 4 1 cooperative schools have used French as a second foreign language. In recent years, thanks to the good diplomatic relations between China and France, French teaching has made great progress in China. There are the following data to prove it:-In 2000, 700 candidates took the National College French Test Band 4, and in 2004, the number reached 7,000. -In 2000, there were 3,804 students in the four French-speaking leagues. In 2004, the number of students in the eight French-speaking leagues was about 9,800. Among the institutions of higher learning, among more than 65,438+0,700 public schools (China Ministry of Education, July 2005), 65,438+0 have French courses, of which 62 have French departments and 665,438+0 are key institutions.

College French teaching

There are two ways to set up college French courses: professional French and French as a second language. Only in the French department of a university can French professional courses be offered, including French, French culture, French literature, and sometimes business French or other professional French. The academic system of college French major is four years, which is divided into two stages. At the end of the study, you need to take the final exam, write a thesis in French and get a bachelor's degree in French language and literature. For many years, foreign language teaching in China has been focused on language training, which is based on the traditional teaching methods centered on grammar and translation practice. This method has been dominant in foreign language teaching for a long time and still has great influence. Because ordinary teaching methods can no longer meet the needs of gradual clarity, it is possible to develop teaching for purposes other than language. More and more people decide to link the teaching purpose with the job market, so that college students can acquire other knowledge and skills, such as business or law, while learning a language. This is what China said about cultivating compound talents. Therefore, future language learning will also be combined with the study of another subject or subjects.

French teacher

In China, there are more than 700 teachers and about 200 French foreign teachers who are paid by China University to teach French as a foreign language. According to French diplomatic official statistics, * * * has more than 55,000 people studying French. The ability of foreign teachers is different from that of diplomas, which is related to the level of recruitment requirements of domestic schools. Middle schools will have the same disunity when recruiting teachers from China, but this phenomenon is much less in colleges and universities. In fact, middle school recruitment only requires undergraduate education, regardless of the subjects studied. Universities require teachers who teach French as a second language to obtain a bachelor's degree in French, and teachers who teach professional French need a master's degree or a doctorate. Recruiting a teacher goes through several stages: reviewing the resume, interviewing and listening to the candidates. In contrast, 80 to 90 universities offer German courses, of which more than 50 have German departments, 800 teachers are from China, and more than 50 foreign teachers are from Germany, of which 27 are paid by the German Embassy. German foreign teachers are not necessarily very professional, because of the lack of candidates, on the one hand, the lack of relevant information in Germany, on the other hand, the requirements of China University are becoming more and more strict. On the contrary, teachers in China must obtain a master's or doctor's degree in German from China. Spanish is taught by 300 China teachers with master's or doctoral degrees and more than 65,438+05 foreign teachers. Foreign teachers are all professional teachers, who are hired and paid by domestic universities and subsidized by the Spanish Embassy.

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Undoubtedly, public schools are the primary places to learn foreign languages in China, at all stages. No matter what English is learned in universities or other foreign languages, even the teaching of these foreign languages is gradually expanding to middle schools. Although French teaching lags behind other foreign languages commonly used in China, it ensures the teaching quality to some extent. In fact, French teaching in middle schools is mainly carried out in schools that have participated in French teaching projects in middle schools, and these schools that have signed cooperation agreements enjoy certain preferential policies. In colleges and universities, 175 offers French courses, of which 6 1 is the key institution. Language centers under the name of private, public or embassy are complementary to public schools. Apart from universities, French teaching is mainly undertaken by training institutions.

Beijing New Oriental English School

French training in Beijing New Oriental English School, composed of experienced foreign teachers and a number of French returnees, has created efficient, professional and fashionable French training, comprehensively constructed the basic language framework of students, deepened their understanding of French education and culture, and cultivated their language application ability. Courses include junior, middle and advanced classes, TEF/TCF training, oral English for foreign teachers, through train for studying abroad, etc.

French Union

Chinese mainland French Trade Union is a Sino-French joint venture. The French director of each French Union is appointed by the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and the director China is appointed by the cooperative school. French teachers must have a diploma in teaching French as a foreign language, while China is a French major at the university.

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Let's talk about several directional problems first: the way of the world. If you don't know that in terms of foreign languages, the north is dominated by foreign languages (there are several other northern universities or foreign languages majors) and the south is dominated by foreign languages (there are several other southern universities or foreign languages majors), you don't know that Reflets is a French training center (Alliance Fran? Aise, AF) textbook, then you enter the temple gate and burn the wrong incense. Speaking French in front of the National People's Congress of Beijing Foreign Studies University, you can't tell the story of "I am in AF" when you enter a French enterprise, and you can't tell why "acquaintances make things easy". The county magistrate is not as good as the current management. Before you take any exam, you should first ask what the textbook is. This is a mistake, no matter how high the level is, it will also suffer. For example, TEF will repeatedly say, "We have a French proficiency test, which has nothing to do with the textbook." But if you have taken AF class, I believe you will have some other understanding. The school debate. There have always been two schools in language teaching-communicative school and grammar school. The former emphasizes listening and speaking ability and is practical; The latter focuses on reading, practice and grammar. Although as a teaching material, we will try our best to give consideration to both, but there will always be a tendency. Most textbooks in China belong to grammar school, while most textbooks abroad belong to communicative school. How to choose depends on your personal situation. Controversy between land and sea. In the choice of original textbooks and domestic textbooks, my suggestions are: at an advanced level, using more domestic textbooks will make it easier for people to understand the difficulties and grammar in Chinese; Above the advanced level, the roughness of domestic textbooks can be seen everywhere, but when it comes to grammar, there are great differences among schools. Copyright dispute. Genuine audio-visual products and teaching materials are definitely much more expensive than pirated ones, but the quality is also more guaranteed. It's like eating. Food stalls on the roadside are a way of eating, but in western restaurants, they are another kind of emotional appeal. Personally, I think that foreign language learning will only be more demanding than eating. It seems unwise to learn whatever you want. All roads lead to Rome. You can learn French from any textbook and you can learn French well. On the contrary, if you don't study and keep the best textbooks, you can't guarantee anything. Self-study can also make a master. There are also many people who have been eliminated by AF France Training Center. The following are some textbooks I have learned: French, written by Ma Xiaohong of the French Department of Beijing Foreign Studies University, and so on. Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, lesson 10, pronunciation classic explanation. The explanation of grammar is systematic and targeted. Large vocabulary, mainly reading. There is less oral training. Compared with the difficulty of the text, there are too few annotations, which makes it difficult to learn by yourself. There are many mistakes, especially the list of new words, which is quite unfavorable for self-study. Some people think that its written materials are too old. Three or four volumes may be aimed at French majors, which are more difficult and not very practical. Reflets French Training Center (Alliance Fran? Aise, AF) textbook. Have absolute authority. Exquisitely made. But its pronunciation and grammar need to be studied separately. Its learning curve is very steep and extremely difficult. New Borderless is famous for adopting the French training center, but it also faded out because it abandoned the French training center. Elementary teaching materials. Well-made, easy to learn. Many French training institutions also use it as teaching materials. France welcomes you to watch popular teaching programs on TV. Primary level. Lively and active. But it is far from the content of the exam. Pimsler French is explained in English. The English level is ok, and English and French are practiced together. Can be used as listening materials. However, its teaching materials can't be found, and the content of the provided PDF is quite different from the recorded content. Its English and French pronunciation seems to be not pure enough.