What major scientific research achievements does China have? Are there any scientists who have made outstanding contributions?

Qian Sanqiang (1913-1992) was born in Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province in 1913, male, a member of the Communist Party of China, a nuclear physicist, and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He graduated from the Department of Physics of Tsinghua University in 1936, and then went to the Curie Laboratory of the University of Paris and the Nuclear Chemistry Laboratory of the Collège de France to engage in nuclear physics research, and received a doctorate. In 1946, he won the Henri Debard Microphysics Prize of the French Academy of Sciences. He returned to China in 1948 and served successively as professor of the Department of Physics of Tsinghua University, director of the Institute of Atomic Energy of the Peking Research Institute, director of the Institute of Modern Physics (later changed to the Institute of Atomic Energy) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, director of the Planning Bureau, deputy secretary-general, deputy director of the Second Ministry of Machinery, China Vice President of the Academy of Sciences, Chairman of the Chinese Physical Society, Honorary Chairman of the Chinese Nuclear Society, and Special Advisor to the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Died in 1992.

One of the pioneers and founders of China's atomic energy industry. In the 1950s, he led the construction of China's first heavy water atomic reactor and first cyclotron, as well as a number of important instruments and equipment. Our country's scientific research work such as reactor physics, reactor engineering technology, solder chemistry, radiobiology, radioisotope preparation, high-energy accelerator technology, controlled thermonuclear fusion, etc. have all been carried out successively. After the Soviet government stopped providing technical assistance to China, it quickly selected a group of outstanding nuclear science and technology experts to go to the Second Ministry of Machinery to be directly responsible for all aspects of the atomic bomb development. On the other hand, it organized joint research with relevant leaders of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Many key technologies were solved in a timely manner, making important contributions to the successful development of the first atomic bomb and hydrogen bomb. As early as 1960, two research groups on neutron physics theory and experiment were organized at the Institute of Atomic Energy to carry out pre-research work on hydrogen bombs, making theoretical preparations for the development of hydrogen bombs, which contributed to China's development of the first atomic bomb only two years and eight years after the explosion. Within months, the hydrogen bomb was developed.

4. Edison (1847～1931)

Edison, Thomas Alva

American inventor. It is famous in history for establishing factory laboratories and pioneering ways to closely integrate technology development and scientific research. Born on February 11, 1847 in Mylan, Ohio, to a Dutch immigrant family. Died on October 18, 1931 in West Orange, New Jersey. He only received 3 months of formal education when he was young. Since the age of 12, he has worked as a newsboy, hawker, and telegraph operator to make a living. Influenced by M. Faraday, he devoted his life to electrical experimental research and invention. In 1868, he invented a vote recorder and tried to sell it to Congress, but it was not adopted. Edison's first invention did not find a market, which made him pay more attention to the practicality of the invention. In 1869, Edison moved to New York from Boston. He improved the telegraph machine of the Golden Indicator Telegraph Company and was appreciated by the company manager. He was employed with a monthly salary of US$300 (which was a very high monthly salary at the time). In 1870, he moved to New Jersey and began his period of efficient invention. The typewriter was improved in 1874. In 1876, a carbon microphone was added to the telephone invented by A.G. Bell to improve the sound of receiving calls.

5. Newton's first law of motion

Newton's first law of motion

One of Newton's laws of motion. The content is: An object that is not acted upon by an external force remains in a state of uniform linear motion or rest until an external force forces it to change this state. This law was summarized by Newton based on the research results of Galileo, Descartes and others. It is the starting point of Newtonian mechanics, so it is also called the first law of motion. In "Dialogue of Two New Sciences", Galileo said that according to the fact that a ball rolls along a smooth and hard inclined plane, the upward roll is decelerated and the downward roll is accelerated. He said: "There are acceleration factors downward along the inclined plane and deceleration factors upward. It can be seen that on the horizontal plane The motion on the object is permanent, will not slow down, let alone stop, so it is uniform. "For the first time, he proposed a new idea that objects move at a uniform speed when there is no external force. Before Galileo, people linked force and speed, believing that force was the factor that maintained the uniform motion of an object. Once the force disappeared, the object would stop moving. However, Galileo believed that after the force disappeared, the object would continue to move forever, so force did not maintain motion. State factors, but factors that change the state of motion of an object, that is, accelerate or decelerate. Since all objects have the property of maintaining uniform motion or rest, this property is called the inertia of the object. Newton's first law is also called the law of inertia. It is the basis of Galileo's principle of relativity and the basis of the inertial reference system. in accordance with. When there is no external force, if an object remains in motion, it means that the motion is immortal; if it remains in a static state, it means that the motion cannot generate itself. Newton's first law reflects that motion cannot generate or destroy itself, which is the conservation of motion (including the conservation of momentum and kinetic energy). ) special case.

Attached are a few that I hope will be useful to the original poster

Marie Curie (1867-1934), a French-Polish scientist, studied radioactive phenomena and discovered two radioactive elements, radium and polonium, throughout her life. Won the Nobel Prize twice. Marie Curie (1867-1934) was a French-Polish scientist who studied radioactive phenomena and discovered two radioactive elements: radium and polonium. She won the Nobel Prize twice in her life. As an outstanding scientist, Marie Curie had a social influence that ordinary scientists did not have.

Especially because she is a pioneer of successful women, her example has inspired many people. Many people heard her story as children but mostly got a simplified and incomplete impression. What the world knows about Madame Curie. He was largely influenced by his daughter's biography "Madame Curie" published in 1937. This book beautifies the life of Marie Curie and calmly handles the twists and turns she encountered in her life. American biographer Susan Quinn spent seven years collecting unpublished diaries and biographical information from Curie family members and friends. A new book was published last year: "Maria Curie: A Life", which paints a more detailed and in-depth picture of her hard, bitter and struggling life.

The following are the best

Newton - a British scientist and the founder of modern physics. His discoveries such as Newton's three laws and the law of universal gravitation have far-reaching influence.

Siemens --- generator

Benz ---- automobile (internal combustion engine)

Bell ---- telephone

Nobel---Explosives

Edison--Electric Light

Thomson (1856-1940) British physicist. 1897 Discovered the electron, the first fundamental particle in the structure of matter.

Fulton (1765-1815) American inventor. In 1807, Fulton built a steamboat.

Benz (1844-1929) German engineer. In 1868, the world's first three-wheeled internal combustion engine car was built.

Vota (1745-1829) Italian physicist. In 1800, he made a voltaic pile and soon invented the voltaic battery, which enabled people to obtain stable and continuous current for the first time.

Otto (1832-1891) German engineer. In 1876, the first four-stroke cycle gas internal combustion engine was built. Made possible the advent of the automobile and later the airplane.

Daimler (1834-1900) German mechanical engineer. The first gasoline engine was made in 1883, and the world's first four-wheel internal combustion engine car was made in 1886.

Parsons (1854-1931) British inventor. In 1884, the first multi-stage reaction steam turbine was made.

Diesel (1858-1913) German engineer. The first diesel engine was built in 1897.

Bessemer (1813-1898) British engineer. In 1856, the converter steelmaking method was invented.

Edison (1847-1931) American inventor. He completed more than 1,300 inventions in his lifetime and had a huge impact on mankind. In 1897, he successfully developed the incandescent lamp.

Morse (1791-1872) American inventor. In 1837, the telegraph was invented, and on May 24, 1844, the world's first telegram was sent.

Bell (1847-1922) American inventor. The telephone was invented in 1876.

Marconi (1874-1937) Italian engineer. Wireless telegraphy was invented in 1895. On March 28, 1899, he successfully achieved radio communication. 1 Qian Xuesen, known as the "Father of China's Modern Rocketry", is a famous aerospace engineering and aerodynamics expert. He studied in the United States in his early years. Under the guidance of Professor von Kármán, he made significant progress in rocket research and made significant contributions to the victory of anti-fascism. In 1947, Qian Xuesen, who was just 36 years old, was hired as a tenured professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the United States. When the good news of the founding of New China reached Qian Xuesen, he thought: "I am a Chinese. I can give up everything here, but I cannot give up the motherland. I should return to the motherland as soon as possible and contribute all my strength to the construction of New China." "In order to serve his new and backward motherland, Qian Xuesen formally applied to the authorities in the United States to return to China starting in 1950. However, the U.S. authorities obstructed and persecuted him in every possible way. They confiscated Qian Xuesen's various materials and books, framed him as a "spy", interrogated and imprisoned him, and imprisoned him on an isolated island for only half a month. It made him lose 14 kilograms of weight. At that time, the U.S. authorities claimed that as long as Qian Xuesen gave up the idea of ??returning to China, they would continue to provide him with laboratories and equipment. However, Qian Xuesen would rather die than return to China and never gave in. After five years of hard struggle, with the kind care of Premier Zhou Enlai, Qian Xuesen embarked on his return to China on September 17, 1955. After returning to China, Qian Xuesen made immortal contributions to New China's aerospace industry, which leapt into the forefront of the world.

2 Qian Sanqiang, the founder of my country's atomic energy science industry, went to France to study atomic theory in 1937. He was considered by the younger Curies and his wife to be the best scientific researcher. In 1948, Qian Sanqiang and his wife He Zehui proposed to return to China, but their mentors and colleagues repeatedly persuaded them to stay.

The Kuomintang government's ambassador to France viciously threatened: "It would be strange if he could reach the shore of the mainland!" The meaning was very clear. If Qian Sanqiang insists on returning to the motherland, Kuomintang agents will kill him halfway. Regardless of personal safety and life and death, Qian Sanqiang and his wife held their half-year-old daughter in their arms and returned to the motherland decisively and tactfully. He made a major contribution to the development of my country's atomic energy industry and is known as the "Father of the Nuclear Bomb" in China. ".

3. In his early years, in order to support the Anti-Japanese War and drive out the Japanese invaders as soon as possible, Chinese nuclear physicist Wang Ganchang dedicated all the silver and jewelry he had saved at home to the motherland. In 1961, when there was a serious natural disaster in the country and money was very short, Wang Ganchang, who was in the Soviet Union, gave the 140,000 rubles (approximately RMB 20,000 to 30,000 yuan) he had saved through frugality to the Chinese Embassy. The Soviet Embassy transferred it to the motherland and people. In 1982, Wang Ganchang donated all the 3,000 yuan he received from the first prize of the National Natural Science Award to the primary school.

4 The famous geologist Li Siguang studied hard for six years at the University of Birmingham in the UK and obtained a master's degree in geology. His teacher, Professor Ballton, advised him to stay for further study and return to China after obtaining a doctorate. Li Siguang declined the teacher's kindness and replied: "No, I want to contribute the knowledge I have learned to my motherland as soon as possible." In 1920, he returned to China and worked until the Anti-Japanese War broke out in 1937. Later, he went abroad for a time and continued his geological research work abroad. By 1950, he gave up the favorable conditions abroad and resolutely took a detour from the UK to return to China when New China was in dire straits. As the Minister of Geology of New China, he made outstanding contributions to my country's petroleum industry.

5. After Deng Jiaxian, the father of my country's "two bombs", received his doctorate in the United States, the United States will provide him with good conditions and generous treatment, hoping that he can work in the United States for a long time. However, Deng Jiaxian did not waver in his determination to return to his motherland to work because of his high official salary. In 1950, with the ambition of serving the country, he returned to the motherland and made outstanding contributions to the successful development of the "two bombs".

1. Newton - discovered the law of universal gravitation;

2. Einstein - proposed the theory of relativity;

3. Faraday - discoverer of the law of electromagnetic induction ;

4. Edison--invented the electric light;

5. Deng Jiaxian--the hero of the "two bombs".