The difference between China sports and American sports.

1 Comparison of Chinese and American competitive sports systems

From the perspective of teleology, China's competitive sports system, also known as the national system, is a hierarchical product controlled by actors in a certain historical period to meet the political needs of the state and governments at all levels to stimulate national spirit or national consciousness and reflect the superiority of the system. Therefore, it is more politicized and a national administrative coordination system. Judging from the structural characteristics of the existence and development of the system, China's national system is a three-level training system model. The internal organizational structure is divided into three training levels: junior, middle and senior, and the operation mode adopts ladder-like ascending system. According to the administrative divisions of provinces and cities, the administrative departments of the state (Sports Commission) shall exercise unified supervision. This organizational structure is conducive to overall arrangement of limited sports funds, formulation of unified competition laws and regulations and integration of sports resources. At the same time, it is conducive to optimizing the selection mechanism of competitive sports talents, timely and effectively selecting outstanding competitive sports talents to enter the national team training, thus ensuring the smooth implementation of the Olympic glory plan. Culturally, it embodies the cultural characteristics of the Chinese nation with patriotism as the core.

The competitive sports system in the United States was gradually formed in a long historical period to meet the economic and cultural needs of the country and economic entities at all levels, such as obtaining economic benefits through high-level competitions, pursuing excitement, promoting individuality, and eliminating racial discrimination. In a sense, it is a spontaneous economic product. So it is more economical, and its competitive sports system is a combination of national administrative coordination and social self-coordination. Judging from the characteristics of the existence and development of the system, the internal organizational structure of the American competitive sports system is a training system with amateur training as the mainstay and short-term training as the supplement. It is characterized by diversification of amateur training forms, modernization of the layout and setting of competitive sports events, and diversification of the selection, training and flow system of high-level competitive talents; Diversification of competition system and so on. From a cultural point of view, it embodies the cultural characteristics of immigrants with the core concept of conquering nature and defeating nature.

Although the characteristics of Chinese and American competitive sports systems are simplification and diversification respectively, they are all closely related to their respective cultures in essence. Culture is a system of spirit, values and knowledge, and it is the embodiment of human group system. System is used to build living space for the spirit and concept of order, rules and norms, so as to inherit and develop national culture. Competitive sports system is the carrier of sports culture, which gradually forms its own unique style in the historical and cultural changes of different nationalities and countries.

2 Comparison of the dominant cultural characteristics between China and the United States

By analyzing the splendid culture of China for 5,000 years, we can find that the Chinese national culture, under the social background of attaching importance to patriarchal clan system and family ethics, carries the Confucian thought of "harmony between man and nature" and the enterprising spirit of "Heaven is powerful and gentlemen strive for self-improvement" in the Book of Changes, and finally carries forward the patriotic spirit of the Chinese nation taking the country as its own responsibility, forming an attitude of attaching importance to feelings, respecting morality, respecting ancestors, supremacy of etiquette and law, and simplicity. This national cultural feature has a certain positive influence on the existence and development of sports system in China. In order to achieve the breakthrough of gold medal in China and the leap of sports in China, many athletes train hard, regard unification as the ideal state of society, put the future and destiny of the country and the nation first, and are willing to pave the way for more powerful athletes to attack the gold medal and ensure the good operation of the national system. It is this fervent patriotic enthusiasm that deeply accumulates in the hearts of athletes and creates sports miracles again and again in China. Behind the glittering national system in a certain historical period, it also embodies the profound spiritual tradition and cultural connotation of the Chinese nation. It should be noted, however, that China culture is a mainland culture characterized by farming culture, which emphasizes "golden mean and average distribution", which subconsciously hinders the professionalization, commercialization and industrialization of competitive sports in the new period. From a cultural point of view, the competitive sports system in China embodies this feature and value orientation of China culture.

American immigrant culture originated from ancient European culture. Through the modern scientific and industrial revolution, the knowledge system and method of understanding the world were formed, which paid attention to rational thinking and cognitive spirit, widely praised individual competition and advocated individuality, and emphasized the core concept of conquering and defeating nature, and finally formed the national cultural characteristics of self-esteem, innovation, eclecticism and rule of law of all ethnic groups. This cultural feature makes American native culture and foreign culture compatible, thus showing a diversified form. Specifically, it is the diversification of religious beliefs, nationalities, political systems and traditional customs. This form provides a strong cultural support for the operation and development of professional, commercial and industrialized competitive sports, and then lays a cultural foundation for the establishment of professional competitive training system in the United States, and always keeps an open state, accepts all kinds of talents and talents. These cultural characteristics are problems that we can't ignore when we examine the American competitive sports system.

3 Chinese and American sub-cultural groups: national culture and national cohesion

As the United States with immigrant cultural background, under the influence of long-term racial discrimination and apartheid policy, many blacks and other races at the bottom of society have gradually formed a dominant consciousness-to become outstanding athletes through sports to gain money and status, thus completing biological and cultural missions. It is this dominant idea that permeates the sports training system, which makes the amateur training form in the system effectively carried out in middle schools and universities and has strong vitality. At the same time, it is precisely because of the racial logic of white Americans themselves-confirming the superiority of their own race, discriminating against other races, and further strengthening the ruling consciousness of other races such as blacks, so as to consciously and diligently improve their sports skills. Therefore, in many competitive sports, the competitive ability of whites is obviously at a disadvantage, and the racial logic of whites is gradually weakened in the field of competitive sports. More importantly, money and victory are the foundation of the existence of vocational training system. The racial exclusion of white Americans compromised in the face of profiteering. Diversified selection channels are open to outstanding athletes with different skin colors but sports talents. Amateur training and specialization have built a solid mobile platform. Diversified competitive sports talent flow mechanism is gradually formed, and diversified training system model is gradually established. When sports is endowed with the magical responsibility of eliminating racial discrimination, national culture transcends the core role of dominant cultural characteristics and becomes the basis of promoting diversified training system.

China culture, rooted in Confucian culture for thousands of years, has gradually formed a cultural and psychological mode, that is, "cultural tradition", which reflects its national and national consciousness under the oppression of long-term feudal autocracy. National cultural traditions are highly inheritable. Under the influence of the external historical and social environment, a nation's values, religious beliefs, national psychology, national spirit, behavior, language, etc. have gradually formed a national gene, which has been passed down from generation to generation. Confucian culture, which advocates "courtesy" and "concession" as the core and emphasizes the harmonious development of overall relations and group relations, is a lofty moral ideal and sentiment, and it is also a cultural gene formed by the long-term historical and cultural precipitation of the Chinese nation, which finally contributed to the strong centripetal force and cohesion of the Chinese nation. Pursuing lofty personality spirit and vigorous enterprising spirit is the concrete expression of national cohesion, and it is this internalized spiritual element that makes athletes feel national pride and pride in the arena, so as to make every effort to create good results. Therefore, national cohesion can be said to be an important cultural factor for the emergence and continuation of China's national system. As a sub-cultural group, national cohesion has dual attributes of spiritual culture and social practice, and is a collection of political relations, economic relations, social relations and other relations. Economic and political factors are the basis of long-term stability of national cohesion. The middle layer of national culture is the relationship between individuals, individuals and groups, and groups and groups. These forms of relations cooperate or influence each other in the process of material production, distribution and consumption. The deeper the cooperation and influence, the stronger the national cohesion. In the era of planned economy, the available sports resources are scarce, and it is difficult for all kinds of relationships to give full play to their overall advantages when the production, distribution and consumption processes of material materials are not closely related. Therefore, China's competitive sports training system is completely exercised by the government, and the state undertakes most of the economic obligations, with administrative means as the main management means, thus effectively integrating and optimizing sports resources and achieving excellent results in major international events such as the Olympic Games. More and more people and groups are linked together, forming an interdependent interest body, and the strength of this interest body reacts on the national system, and then makes brilliant achievements in a specific historical period.

4. Maintain and break through the systematic mode of competitive sports in China from the cultural perspective.

4. 1 Rebuilding national cohesion

Examining the competitive sports system in China from the perspective of system theory, we can find that political elements are the core of its composition, economic elements are still the basis of its formation and development, sports science and technology elements play a leading role in the structure of the training system, and national cohesion is the natural link for the formation of the training system. With the trend of political and cultural globalization and the integration of China's economy with the world economy, China's traditional closed national system is gradually facing reorganization in the process of sports industrialization, marketization, professionalization and socialization. Economic means instead of administrative means has become the fundamental way to adjust the internal operation and external integration of sports system, thus adapting to the impact brought by globalization, sports industrialization, marketization, professionalization and socialization. In addition, as an important production factor of sports industry, the mobility of competitive talents in the world has increased, and establishing and perfecting the mobility system of competitive talents will become the focus of sports system research in China in the future. In the process of the transformation from planned economy to market economy, the original state and balance of various relations, including economic relations, political relations and social relations, are broken in the process of production, distribution and consumption of material materials and need to be reorganized. As a collection of these relations, the deconstruction and reorganization of national cohesion will inevitably lead to the reform of competitive sports system. The specific performance of reconstruction is: 1) establishing and forming the same stakeholders in the market. Through the market, individuals and individuals, individuals and groups, groups and ethnic groups, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, the mainland and overseas Chinese are connected into an organic interest body, thus building a solid foundation for national cohesion. This kind of national cohesion is mapped into the competitive sports system, that is, it is necessary to handle the relationship between local interests, departmental interests, unit interests, personal interests and national interests, pursue the maximization of overall interests, enhance the organizational attributes of the cooperation and coordination system of competitive sports project management centers, and gradually transfer some projects to the association system to realize the materialization of the association. 2) Unity of social ideal value system. In modern society, subjects with different values show different behavioral goals and behaviors. By establishing long-term, local and short-term behavior goals, we can react on the subject, integrate various value orientations, form a unified social ideal value system, and build a strong internal motivation for national cohesion. Mapping to the competitive sports system means that through the reform of the competition system of the National Games, other competition systems will be driven to form a long-term, short-term and local online competition system. Under this smooth online competition system, the social ideal and value orientation of athletes will be remolded, thus injecting new internal motivation into the formation and development of Chinese national cohesion.

4.2 Absorption of different cultural characteristics

The main cultural characteristics of the United States determine the economy of American sports culture. With the help of modern high-tech means, we pursue the continuous improvement of sports technology, so as to achieve higher, faster and stronger sports goals. China's main cultural characteristics determine the ecological attributes of China's sports culture, and pay attention to the transcendence of self-realm. Individual behavior is integrated into the natural environment in a static way, and thoughts, sports behaviors and natural scenes are coordinated with each other to achieve the realm of integration of heaven and earth. Although the main cultural characteristics of China and the United States are mapped in different forms in structure, they are all physical cultures in essence. This heterogeneity creates the necessary conditions for the exchange of sports culture among different nationalities. Under the background of global cultural integration, the sports culture of China and the United States has changed, and the structure and form of sports culture have changed as a whole. However, the differences in dominant cultural characteristics determine that Chinese and American sports cultures will inevitably collide in the process of collision, and need to adapt, adjust, absorb and integrate. However, we must be soberly aware that the confrontation and integration of sports culture and spirit will inevitably lead to changes in competitive sports system and sports behavior. Therefore, paying attention to carrying forward the excellent spiritual tradition of the Chinese nation and learning from the operating mechanism of the American sports system will inject fresh blood into our sports system and play a positive role in promoting the development of our competitive sports system.

5 conclusion

Examining the competitive sports system between China and the United States from a cultural perspective, we can find that the sports culture of the Chinese nation has experienced thousands of years of internal cultural shock and development, gradually formed a dynamic balance with national cohesion as the transmission link, inherited the profound spiritual tradition of the Chinese nation, and still maintains a unified national system model and plays a unique role. American culture, as an immigrant culture, is always in an unbalanced state because of the racial and cultural roots of its subculture groups, showing a diversified form to maintain the stability of its own culture. The difference of cultural factors leads to the difference of structural expression of competitive sports system between the two countries. The homology of sports culture between China and the United States-body culture provides a prerequisite for the exchange of sports culture and the mutual reference of systems between the two countries. The trend of globalization has become the inducing factor, which makes the integration of Chinese and American sports cultures possible, and economic factors are the source of power, which eventually leads to the great integration of Chinese and American sports cultures. In the process of integration, the collision of dominant cultures and the gradual establishment of market economic system have contributed to the reconstruction of the value system of Chinese national cohesion. The reconstruction of national cohesion and value system will inevitably affect the competitive sports system and its behavior mode, and accelerate the reform of the competitive sports system and its behavior mode. China's competitive national system model is facing an impact and unprecedented test.