History: Australian immigration history from colonial times!

The first batch of British prisoners arrived in Australia before Qianlong abdicated 1786 and 10. The Qing Dynasty still believed that China would go to the country. 1000 prisoners have just set off from the English port and started their colonial journey. After that, the fleet arrived in Australia, and the British government decided to establish the first permanent colony in Australia-Port Jackson.

Initial development

The earliest colonial team that arrived in Australia needed the support of the British government, even if it was basic survival materials. In order to survive, they began to farm, farm and hunt. By 1820, the colony expanded, and then the British authorities allowed freemen to explore in Australia. A large number of landless farmers and domestic servants in Britain are scattered all over the world, and Australia has also entered a period of rapid population growth.

From 65438 to 0823, Australia's agriculture and hunting industry began to prosper. During this period, the whale industry flourished. Peeling subcutaneous tissue, viscera and bones, and boiling to obtain fish oil. In that era when oil was not discovered, they were used as lighting, industrial lubricants, and even raw materials for producing soap and candles.

With the rapid development of the whole industry, the demand for fish oil has gradually increased, and whale industry has become a pillar industry in Australia in a short time.

Due to the huge demand for wool in Britain, wool breeding industry has emerged in Australia, and wool export has become a major industry in Australia in a short time. After more than half a century of development, the population of Australia has gradually increased to more than 400,000! New South Wales has also gained autonomy and established a local council.

Gold rush:

/kloc-In the 1950s, gold mines were discovered in southern New South Wales and other places, and the gold rush attracted people with lofty ideals from all over the world to go to Australia for gold!

Before the Gold Rush, the population of Australia was only 430,000, and it increased to 6.5438+0.7 million 20 years later. At this time, China people who were still under the Qing government heard about the gold mines in Australia and flocked to Australia. At that time, China people became the main force of immigrants.

According to incomplete statistics, as of 190 1, China people are the third largest immigrant group after Britain and Germany. At this time, Victoria, South Australia, Tasmania and other colonies have set up autonomous governments.

At this time, Australia's economic development level has caught up with Europe and tied with Argentina to become the two richest regions in the southern hemisphere.

Form a Coalition government:

During the period of 1860, the major colonies went their own way and faced some common problems, such as tariffs, transportation, postal services, national defense and policies restricting China's immigration. So eight inter-colonial conferences were held from 1863 to 1880, and then the Australian federal government was established at 190 1.

Due to the influx of colored people into Australia, the federal government promulgated the notorious immigration restriction bill 190 1. "The bill proposes that anyone who plans to immigrate to Australia must take a 50-word European language dictation test if necessary. Since immigration officials have the discretion to judge who needs the exam, natural white immigrants don't need the exam.

Considering the education level and the popularity of writing at that time, this test is extremely difficult for applicants whose English is not their mother tongue. According to statistics, until 1909, a total of 1359 people signed up, and only 52 people passed. After 1909, no more applicants passed the exam. The bill is also known as the White Australia Policy.

World war:

With the outbreak of World War I, Australia entered the war on the grounds of protecting Britain. At that time, Australia, with a population of less than 5 million, had participated in more than 400,000 wars, and the Australian army had participated in various major wars, with 20% casualties. However, the world war broke out again soon, people of all ethnic groups in the world fought together, and Japan coveted Australia, which made Australia feel a sense of crisis for the first time. With the help of all walks of life in China, the all-round war of resistance made the Australian people realize the irrationality of the "White Australia Policy"!

After the Second World War, Australia's labor force was insufficient and a large number of refugees poured in, which made the domestic people quite dissatisfied with the "White Australia Policy". All walks of life called for the abolition of this policy until the Australian government officially abolished the immigration restriction bill on 1972. Subsequently 1975, the anti-racial discrimination bill "Racial Discrimination Act 1975" was officially promulgated. In Australia, racial discrimination has really become illegal.

The 1980s

In the 1980s, good immigration policies made Australia's economy recover rapidly. Since then, the Australian government has always maintained a welcome attitude towards immigrants. From 65438 to 0983, the Hawke government carried out the family immigration policy, which made the number of Australian immigrants rise continuously, reaching the highest level in history from 65438 to 0988.

However, at that time, due to the failure of Australia's domestic economic transformation and the rising unemployment rate, all measures to restrict skilled immigrants from seizing scarce jobs in China deepened.

It was not until the late 1980s that the Liberal Party's expansion concept (skilled immigrants can improve the basic vocational skills in the domestic labor market and enhance international competitiveness) was supported by the public, and the Australian government gradually opened up to skilled immigrants, thus adding points to special occupations. ...