What are the good effects of the foreign policy of Ming Dynasty on maritime trade?

1. What are the contents and characteristics of the foreign policy of the Ming Dynasty?

In the Ming dynasty, the tribute system was indeed a stepping stone to foreign friendship at that time. However, in modern times, people have been criticizing the diplomatic system of the Ming Dynasty for two main reasons. First of all, the Ming government set its image too high in this diplomatic way. China went to the countryside? Or? Male-dominated country? High status and so on are the characteristics of the Ming dynasty, which other countries regard as? Dependent country? Communicate with each other.

The second reason is that in the diplomacy under the tribute system of the Ming Dynasty, it was an unequal activity in economic exchange. The economic value of foreign tributes to North Korea is limited, while the value of gifts in Ming Dynasty far exceeds the economic value of foreign tributes.

China's feudal society entered modern times. Due to the fierce war of aggression in the west and its slow development, it fell into a period of incompetence. In the eyes of the West and Japan, China was a very incompetent country at that time. It is under this concept that some westerners and Japanese discuss China, especially the tributary diplomatic system in the early Ming Dynasty, with contempt and preconceived ideas. It is an unrealistic and self-righteous fantasy for them to laugh at the tributary diplomatic system of the Ming Dynasty.

In the long run, in the 20th century, even the academic circles in China generally learned from the West, learning the strategies of governing the country in the West, and other scholars in China naturally accepted this idea in the Ming Dynasty. They will comment on the Ming Dynasty with academic views of contempt and ridicule. Therefore, the views of scholars at home and abroad on the tribute system of the Ming Dynasty in modern times have a colonial tone. In sharp contrast, it was Britain at the same time? Empire when the sun never sets? Policy, and America behind it? Hegemonism? Policy, and the United States is rarely despised and ridiculed by future generations.

Japan's harassment of the coastal areas in the late Ming Dynasty brought great confusion to the Ming Dynasty, but it also led the Ming government to adopt corresponding long-term policies towards Japan and other countries to a great extent, that is, to be generous to foreign countries. Thick to thin? Policy.

At the same time, the internal affairs related to the Ming dynasty also implemented a relatively strict prohibition order: external traffic? In policy. This is also what we often say in the later period, the maritime ban of the Ming Dynasty. But in fact, the maritime ban in the Ming Dynasty was not an act of closing or prohibiting overseas trade in the traditional sense. The maritime ban in the Ming Dynasty refers to the prohibition of non-governmental trade in the Strait and the exclusion of individual ships from the sea within a specified period of time.

2. Looking at the world situation, what impact did the change of maritime trafficking policy in Ming Dynasty bring?

Did Ming Taizu, like Zhu Yuanzhang, write in some books or TV series? Pieces of wood are not allowed into the sea? Prohibition. But we checked the literature and didn't find this order from Zhu Yuanzhang. So-called? Pieces of wood are not allowed into the sea? It was the official language used in the Ming Dynasty when the sea was closed. In the maritime ban of the Ming Dynasty, they mainly targeted at Japan's provocation, harassment and looting. Is this so-called? Pirates? Harassment, when the Ming dynasty made this order, it was based on everyone's living conditions.

At that time, the maritime ban established by the Ming Dynasty to prevent pirates had little impact on overseas trade in the same period. Because before the15th century, the eastern countries and regions were still a relatively traditional country and a period of self-sufficiency, and the proportion of commerce and overseas trade in people's lives was relatively weak. The size of this order is also limited. Its trading market is very large, but the small empty area around it can't be managed, so people can still fish in the sea area at that time without affecting their normal lives.

Because Europeans had invaded Southeast Asia and the coastal areas of China at that time, overseas trade in this period was objectively a struggle between East and West for local trade rights. In the Ming Dynasty, coastal businessmen actively fought abroad and expanded their power in the east and west seas. * * * for the ownership of maritime trade.

The research shows that the ownership of maritime trade in Southeast Asia still belongs to us in the late Ming Dynasty. /kloc-After the 7th century, China's merchant ships have spread all over Southeast Asia and engaged in various transactions. The trade rights between East and West Seas are still in the hands of Chinese businessmen.

In the middle and late Ming dynasty, the Ming government relaxed some folk behaviors of selling the sea, and at the same time, the Ming government also strengthened the marine rules and regulations of maritime theft prevention, but there was no big change. This indirectly led to the loopholes in the tribute system of the Ming Dynasty, and folk goods were transported to the East China Sea not only through various channels, but also by folk people. The government must suppress it, and the people and the government can never cooperate. Maritime Silk Road? Do your part.

Businessmen in the southeast coast of the Ming Dynasty were suppressed by the government's ban on the sea and had to sell in the form of stealing chickens and dogs. During the Middle Ages in Europe, western maritime merchants generally took the form of business thieves as their trading arms.

They are predatory because they have big brains and dare to do it. The difference is that the piracy of western colonial groups can be supported by their own countries. Although in the historical space of the late Ming Dynasty, the armed trade of merchants in the Southeast Sea could develop, with the change of dynasties and the change of environment, their armed forces could not develop for a long time.

Later, the maritime merchants in the southeast waters did not form a force that could compete with the western colonial residents. If we look at this fact from the perspective of international trade, we will find that it is an important process for China Strait businessmen to gradually lose their maritime trade rights in Southeast Asia.

Thirdly, it briefly analyzes the core values embodied in a series of foreign policies of the Ming Dynasty.

Although the tributary system of Ming Dynasty was located in the peaceful area between China and neighboring countries, this political foreign policy usually forgot the deeper diplomatic communication. This foreign policy with a political tone will one day change with political changes. Political diplomacy is basically beneficial, but it lacks a long-term process. Therefore, after the17th century, the political planning in the Middle East has changed, and China's influence on South Asia, West Asia and even the whole Middle East is gradually declining.

The behavior of private maritime merchants in China endows them with strong vitality and adaptability in harsh environment, which make their trade activities stick to the end. Especially in immigration, they have a trend of continuous development and expansion.

The outward expansion of immigrants from China directly spread the main contents of China culture to various countries visited by overseas Chinese, thus enabling China's culture to be inherited and developed. Judging from the results of China's cultural spread to the outside world, they are very satisfied with the results. In the late Ming Dynasty, the development of China culture abroad had two levels and two ways, namely, it was conveyed by intellectuals from the west and China, translated and spread to European cities with Confucianism as the core. And let coastal businessmen emigrate overseas, and then spread the lifestyle of some people in the past.

18 century later. Accompanied by the great victory of the Western revolution and the great success of industrial development. ? Eurocentrism? Our culture has become the core values of the west. So European politicians and scholars have lost their curiosity and awe of China culture.

In the later period, probably no westerner admitted that his civilization thought and China's Confucianism had any intersection. /kloc-since the 0/8th century, the consciousness with Confucianism as the core has rapidly declined in the world, and the information spread abroad has gradually lost its movement.

On the other hand, the lifestyle of ordinary people brought overseas by coastal businessmen has been passed down in difficult difficulties. With the expansion of exchanges between the two countries and the merger of capital markets, there are countless Chinese businessmen who have emigrated overseas. The hard work of China's overseas immigrants for many years has gradually achieved remarkable results all over the world? Chinatown? 、? China City? . These two cities can be said to be the buildings that best embody the culture of China. This kind of architecture that highlights China shows the success of China culture brought by overseas coastal businessmen. The development of grass-roots culture of ordinary people's lifestyle was forgotten before and spread overseas by coastal businessmen. In fact, it became the main channel for China culture to spread to overseas markets after18th century.