What is the history and culture of Chuxiong?

Chuxiong Prefecture is one of the birthplaces of human beings, with a long history and splendid culture. From the mid-1960s to the early 1980s, the Ramazan Australopithecus fossils from Lufeng, which lived 8 million years ago, were found in Lufeng, and the Yuanmou Bamboo shed Australopithecoidea, which lived 3 million years ago, was found in Yuanmou County. 1965, Yuanmou fossils were found in Yuanmou county 1.7 million years ago, and traces of stone tools and fire were found, which proved that Yuanmou man not only completed the evolution from apes to humans, but also mastered the skills of using fire. From 65438 to 0975, the earliest bronze drum in the world was unearthed in Wanjiaba, Chuxiong, which proved that Chuxiong ancestors created a bronze culture characterized by bronze drums as early as 2500 years ago. In the pre-Qin period, Chuxiong had three major nationalities: Bianqiang, Baiyue and Baipu. By the mid-Western Han Dynasty, the Central Plains Dynasty had successively set up counties in the southwest, and the economic and cultural exchanges between various ethnic groups had been strengthened. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, after a long period of ethnic integration, counties and counties formed residential areas dominated by barbarians and white barbarians. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, the "Thirty-seven Nanzhao Departments" included Bailu Department (Chuxiong), Luobu (Roots), Wuluo Department (Wuding), Zhuhua Department (Yuanmou), Toklie Department (Mouding), Yizhou Department (Guangtong), Medog Department (Shuangbai) and other ethnic minority regimes with Yi ancestors as the main body. After a large number of immigrants settled in the early Ming Dynasty, the Han nationality gradually became the most populous nation in Chuxiong.

Chuxiong Prefecture has been an inseparable part of the Chinese nation since ancient times. In the 4th century BC, Chu Zhuang arrived in Yunnan, and Chuxiong belonged to Yunnan. The Han Dynasty belonged to Yizhou County and Yuelong County. Shu and Han belong to Jianning County, Yuebi County and Yunnan County. The Western Jin Dynasty belonged to Jinning County and Yunnan County, and the Southern and Northern Dynasties belonged to Jinning County, Xingning County and Jianning County. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, it belonged to Rongzhou Prefecture. Nanzhao belongs to Tuodong Festival and Dongnong Festival. During the Dali period, it belonged to Fu Yao and Wei Chu. In the early Yuan Dynasty, it belonged to Wei Chu Wanhufu, Wu Luo Wanhufu and Dali Wanhufu, and later it was changed to Lu, Zhou, Zhou and County, belonging to Zhongqing Road, Weichukai South Road, Wuding Road and Dali Road. The Ming Dynasty belonged to Yunnan, Chuxiong, Yao 'an, Junmin and Wuding. In the Qing Dynasty, it belonged to Yunnan Prefecture, Wuding Zhili Prefecture and Chuxiong Prefecture. During the Republic of China, there were Chuxiong, Zhennan, Mouding, Yao 'an, Dayao, Yanfeng, Yongren, Yuanmou, Wuding, Roots, Lufeng, Guangtong, Yanxing and Shuangbai counties. After the founding of New China, Chuxiong and Wuding were divided into two districts. 1953, the two regions merged into Chuxiong region, which governs Chuxiong, Zhennan, Mouding, Yao 'an, Dayao, Yanfeng, Yongren, Yuanmou, Wuding, Roots, Lufeng, Guangtong, Yanxing, Shuangbai, Luquan, Fumin and Anning. 17. 1957 Anning county is included in Kunming city. 1958, Wei Chu was formally established, and Yanxing County was merged into Guangtong County; Chuxiong County, Nanhua County, Mouding County and Shuangbai County merged into Chuxiong County; Yaoan, Dayao County, Yanfeng County and Yongren County merged into Dayao County; Roots County, Lufeng County and Guangtong County merged into Lufeng County; Wuding County and Yuanmou County merged into Wuding County; Fumin County was designated as Kunming City. During the period from 1959 to 196 1, the six counties of Yongren, Yao 'an, Nanhua, Shuangbai, Mouding and Yuanmou were successively restored. 1September 1983 Chuxiong County was changed to Chuxiong City,1June 1983 Luquan County was transferred to Kunming City. So far, the pattern of 9 counties 1 city has been formed.

The people of all ethnic groups in Chuxiong Prefecture have valuable anti-violence spirit and glorious revolutionary tradition. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, large-scale uprisings of Yi, Hui and Han nationalities swept the whole state, which dealt a heavy blow to the decadent feudal dynasty. The Yi peasant uprising in Ailaoshan led by Li and Qi Caishun has been struggling for more than 20 years. During the Revolution of 1911, the National Protection Movement and the Northern Expedition, a large number of heroes and people with lofty ideals emerged in Quanzhou. Some of them galloped on the battlefield, some strategized, some set up industries, and some devoted themselves to innovation. During the First Revolutionary Civil War, a group of young people studying abroad accepted Marxism and joined the China * * * Production Party, including Zhao Zuochuan, secretary of the Yunnan Special Committee, propaganda committee member and Bi. They gave their young lives for the cause of human liberation. From 1935 to 1936, the 25,000-mile long March of the Chinese Red Army of Workers and Peasants passed through Chuxiong Prefecture, sowing the flame of revolution. After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, ten thousand people in Quanzhou joined the army, wave upon wave, and shared the national humiliation. In the late period of the war of liberation, the anti-Chiang wave in Quanzhou surged. Under the leadership of China Underground Party, revolutionary base areas such as Nanshan District, Dongshan District and guerrilla zone in northern Yunnan were established, which contributed to the liberation of Yunnan with the cooperation of field troops.

Due to the influence of geographical environment and historical conditions, Chuxiong culture presents the dual characteristics of richness, openness, singleness and closeness. In the dam area and along the traffic line, due to the influence of the surrounding culture and the development of the Central Plains dynasties, a local culture with Chinese culture as its main feature was formed. In the mountainous minority areas, the traditional cultures of the Yi people and other ethnic minorities have been preserved because of their relative isolation from the outside world. However, the two cultures have blended, influenced and absorbed each other for a long time, forming a pluralistic and integrated national and local traditional culture in Chuxiong Prefecture.

Ancient culture is rich and colorful. Yi people have a large number of myths, legends and epics about the universe and the origin of human beings, such as Mei Ge and Zhan, which are treasures in the treasure house of Chinese culture. From the ocean of folk songs and dances that are still popular today, we can not only feel the artistic refinement and expression of Yi people's life, but also sum up colorful folk sports activities. In the long history, the ancient October solar calendar of the Yi people and its related Yi-Hu cosmology and Yin-Yang view have deeply penetrated into all fields of China culture.

In the Ming Dynasty, a large number of immigrants from the south of the Yangtze River flowed into the state, and the Han culture gradually spread in towns and dam areas, and a large number of local literati emerged, such as Yao An's Ertao (Tao Zi and Tao Gong) and later Gao Ying, Chuxiong's Liu Liansheng and Chi Shengchun, who made outstanding achievements in literature, history and philosophy. From the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, society changed rapidly. With the emergence of modern education and the introduction of various new ideas and new cultures, Chuxiong culture has developed in a turbulent social environment and has always been combined with social change and national salvation movement. Some Chuxiong students went abroad to study, participated in various new cultural movements, promoted social improvement, advocated civilized atmosphere, accepted Marxism-Leninism and devoted themselves to the cause of Chinese national liberation. During the Anti-Japanese War, a large number of mainland intellectuals set foot in China, and new cultural activities such as movies, photography, newspapers and periodicals, literature and art, and drama performances began to appear. Mass cultural activities were active for a while, and medical care, sports, and natural sciences also developed accordingly.

While Han culture is widely spread in the dam area, ethnic minorities in mountainous areas are also "gradually learning Sinology" and "people who learn other subjects". In the process of communication with the Han nationality, ethnic minorities gradually use Chinese language, absorb Chinese culture and enrich their own culture. Han culture is also influenced by the local natural environment and national culture, and has obvious local characteristics. For example, the lanterns in the dam area are widely spread, and Yuanmou, Lufeng, Yao 'an, Lianhualuo and other places have different styles, and Yi lanterns with strong characteristics have also been produced. There are different styles of folk songs, yangko and folk songs all over the country, and Yunnan opera is also different in the state. However, due to class oppression and national prejudice, the excellent culture of Yi and other ethnic minorities has never been valued and advocated by the ruling class, which has greatly suppressed the prosperity of unique national culture. Most Yi languages and books are only circulated among the people and kept in Bimo's hands. Some excellent national folk cultures are just handed down from generation to generation, while others are left to their own devices. Feng Tusi in Wuding once founded the Book of Changes and published the Book of Changes. A large number of ancient Yi books have recorded history, astronomy, literature and art, medicine, customs, politics and so on.

After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Party committees and governments at all levels attached importance to the development of national culture. As an important part of the socialist cause, education, literature and art, health, sports and science and technology have achieved all-round prosperity and development. At the beginning of the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the old educational and cultural system was fundamentally reformed. After 1953, education began to develop in a planned way. People of all ethnic groups turned over and liberated, and sang praises to New China in various artistic forms. Literary creation, drama performance and folk song creation are in full swing, cultural groups and institutions have been established one after another, and books, movies, radio and cultural relics have emerged from scratch. With the continuous development of medical and health undertakings, some epidemics and endemic diseases have been paid attention to and treated. With the development of industrial and agricultural production, science and technology gradually flourished. During the "Cultural Revolution", under the influence of extreme "Left" thoughts, Quanzhou's cultural undertakings were greatly damaged. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, "revitalizing Yizhou and giving priority to education" achieved remarkable results, mass cultural activities became more and more abundant, national traditional culture was inherited and carried forward, and various national festivals were gradually restored. Torch Festival of Yi people has become a statutory festival in the whole state. In addition, there are national festivals and folk gatherings such as Dayao Flower Arrangement Festival, Mouding March Festival, Lufeng Peak Flower Festival, Yao 'an Longhua Festival and Yongren Dressing Festival. A good fashion of respecting knowledge and talents has gradually formed, and science and technology are playing an increasingly important role in the development of national economy. Chinese medicine and Yi medicine are valued by the government. The vigorous development of mass sports activities has sent a batch of talents to the country, and produced famous national sports stars such as Jiang, Li and Yang.