Characteristic vocabulary of Xuzhou dialect

The vocabulary of dialects is ever-changing, so it is difficult to sum up the rules. Here are only a few words, which will be found in life.

One side of the soil nourishes the other side. Similarly, one side's soil and water also cultivate one side's language. Xuzhou dialect has a close geographical relationship with Xuzhou. Xuzhou is in a position that is neither south nor north nor east nor west. Xuzhou people are northerners in the eyes of southerners and southerners in the eyes of northerners.

Xuzhou has been a battleground for military strategists since ancient times Therefore, Xuzhou dialect is often full of "gunpowder smell" or "war culture". Just give one or two examples: when playing poker, southerners are used to saying "score 80 points" and Xuzhou people often say "upgrade"; Southerners say "change owners", while Xuzhou people throw two cards on the table and say "no". Besides drinking, southerners often meet in advance. On the wine table, a few friends were chatting while drinking. There is no pressure to persuade them to drink, and there is no pain to drink. The atmosphere is harmonious, and the wine leaves slightly drunk on the table, saving time and effort. Old Xuzhou, especially young people, is different. There is a saying called "deep feelings". Old friends can't show their feelings if they don't drink well when they meet again. Drinking should be popular and lively, and friends are often called on the wine table. It is common for banquets to be later than the scheduled time, and there is a fine for being late. As is the custom in other places, the first three glasses of wine must be finished, and then "free activities" will be held. Everyone expressed their opinions, respected each other and served wine. Some old Xuzhou, whose folk customs are still the same, will also play some tricks to entertain. If there is a bluff, someone will stand up and say, "You all rest first, and I'll do it for them.": The other side did not show weakness and offered to "wear" nine fists. In the long run, the number of people who originally planned to drink two kilograms of wine will often double. (Of course, such a scene can only be seen in small restaurants all over the country now, and no one wants to go to such a "drinking wind")

Some people say that Xuzhou is male, and men are extensive, which is reflected in language. Xuzhou dialect is straightforward, direct and simple. If someone doesn't behave well, comment in Xuzhou dialect: This person is going to be laid off directly! When someone is extraordinary and outstanding in something, Xuzhou people simply say, "He is crazy today!" " " ; After drinking this cup of wine, the southerner said, you can finish this cup of wine, and Xuzhou dialect only uses two words: "completely! " " ; Drink too much, Xuzhou said "drink too much"; When someone is hesitant about something, others will persuade him to say, "What's the big deal? ! "When showing that they are fully capable of doing one thing well, Xuzhou people blurted out:" Don't ask! Give it to me. " Help yourself, my friend. "In a word!" Or just one word "tube!" .

The common features of all dialects can often express their meanings more vividly and vividly, which is one of the reasons why all local dialects can be preserved and continued. For example, when we say that someone is quick to do things and react quickly, we praise him for thinking deeply and getting on the road quickly. Otherwise, we mean "real meat" and "not on the road". As for Zhang San's "little ghosts" and Li Si's "clumsiness", it goes without saying that Xuzhou people immediately understood what kind of people Zhang San and Li Si are. "There is something wrong with your hair" means a mess. Some people can only understand the description of "hairy head". When you don't understand each other no matter how you say it, and you can't learn it no matter how you teach it, Xuzhou people will say humorously, "You are really worried about me!" " "These languages with strong local colors are often difficult to find corresponding components in Mandarin. With the frequent communication between people, various languages are communicating with each other, and more and more people speak Mandarin in Xuzhou.

Jiangsu dialect is basically called Sunan dialect and Subei dialect. Southern Jiangsu dialect is dominated by Wu dialect, and the language of Suzhou and Wuxi is dominant. From Changzhou to Danyang, earth-shaking changes have taken place. The dialect here is difficult to understand, especially in rural areas. When it comes to Zhenjiang, it is very close to Subei dialect. From Yangzhou to Huai 'an, the main body of Subei dialect was formed. Therefore, Xuzhou dialect is actually an area where Subei dialect has changed to Shandong dialect, so many difficult words have been formed. Everyone in Xuzhou knows that Xuzhou dialect has undergone this change from Suining to Suqian. From a small area, the dialects of these two places are quite different from those of Xuzhou and Huai 'an.

Great changes have taken place in Xuzhou dialect today. With the development of the times and frequent exchanges, many dialect words began to disappear. They disappear because these words are really hard to understand. Today, only the elderly in Xuzhou still use these words. For example: "Huang Zi", "What Huang Zi?" Outsiders simply don't understand that "Huang Zi" is the "thing" in Mandarin; "What yellow son?" But "what is it?" Use mandarin. Sai, it's time for the game, Sai Mao. "race" means "good"; "Great" means "great" and "Saimao" means "great". There is a verb that no one can understand: "four dimensions". This "four dimensions" is not "thinking", but the meaning of cultivation. For example, this car should be used by the company. Some dialect words, especially nouns, are also very interesting: "Fruit", Xuzhou people say: "Youzi"; "On the ground", Xuzhou people say: "Sliding on the ground"; "Cicada", Xuzhou people say: "Death, turtle"; "Dragonfly", Xuzhou people say: "light dragonfly"; "Slippers" Xuzhou people said: "Shoes are his sons; Very good, "Xuzhou people said," Do four ",and so on. Many verbs in Xuzhou dialect are also difficult to understand. For example, "rou" is pronounced with the first sound, which is not in Chinese, meaning to ignore it and is used in negative sentences. For example, I don't rou you. It means I ignore you. Another example: the first sound of "ai" means folding, for example, it is better than the newspaper "AI". It means: you fold this newspaper.

There is also a word used on verbs, which has different usages on different occasions. One of the meanings of "gram" kei is "eat" (only for eating melon seeds), and of course many such words can be said. However, there are some special situations in the process of language development: "going home" in Putonghua is a sentence without a subject, "Hui" is a verb, a predicate and "home" is an object. Old Xuzhou people also said "go home" according to this grammar, but now Xuzhou people say "go home" with the predicate and object reversed.

In fact, Xuzhou dialect has also been influenced by foreign dialects during its development. For example, in the Sui Dynasty, a large number of immigrants moved from the old stork nest in Shanxi to Pei County in the north of Xuzhou, so the dialect here was also influenced by Shanxi dialect. Peixian county is 80 kilometers north of Xuzhou. There are many differences in vocabulary and pronunciation between Peixian dialect and Xuzhou dialect, which is related to a large number of Shanxi immigrants. Through the analysis of lexical features, Professor Xu Normal University speculated that the author of Jin Ping Mei, Lan Ling Xiaoxiao Sheng, and the owner of San Quan were the authors of Jin Ping Mei, but the judges of Xuzhou in the book. In this way, Jin Ping Mei and The Journey to the West. All use false excuses and excuses. By praising the bottle and belittling the gold, they really take "Li Pinger" as the protagonist, focusing on economic and power corruption, and express the main purpose of "fighting corruption and promoting honesty" and "exposing corruption". Think about it, The Journey to the West is full of monsters, and it became a masterpiece because the theme of the article is to resist feudal society. From this perspective, Jin Ping Mei and The Journey to the West have something in common. In addition, Li, president of the Research Association of Jin Ping Mei, also believes that Jin Ping Mei is closely related to Xuzhou and the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. These explanations and evidences not only rehabilitate a banned book and a sexology work Jin Ping Mei, but also provide a clever solution for inferring the author and the place where the incident happened through vocabulary. This undoubtedly reflects the important role of vocabulary from the side.

The vocabulary display of Xuzhou dialect also shows the dialect characteristics of the intersection of Sulu, Henan and Anhui. Professor Xu Normal University has done a lot of comparison and valuable academic research on the evolution of these dialects. 1980, his Xuzhou Dialect Annals was published, and Jin Ping Mei Dictionary 1992 was published by Beijing Normal University Press. Li Shen's interest in Jin Ping Mei is entirely from the perspective of dialect research. One of his papers on the definition of modern Chinese words is particularly interesting to read. One of them, Explaining Three Words in Jin Ping Mei —— A Discussion with Taiwan Province Wan Wei Tze, reflects the concern of scholars on both sides of the Taiwan Strait about the dialect vocabulary of Jin Ping Mei. This composition involves "wiping your mouth", "beating melon seeds" and "getting more and more sunburned", and the most interesting one is the debate about "beating melon seeds". Mr Wan Wei Tze said: "Guagua" is a common name for "big melon". Today, people still love to eat melon seeds, which is this kind of' big melon'. Su, a native of the Central Plains, called it' playing melons'. "

Li Shen's view on this is that playing melon seeds means hitting your opponent with your hand when you "scratch" (the slap in the face in Jin Ping Mei is also called "shaving" and "scraping"), which is a way to punish the loser when you win or lose in gambling. There is also a cloud in Tong Hui's story: "Xiaoyu put Yu Di under her head and said with a smile,' Thief and whore, you won't let me fight if you lose your melon seeds. "melon seeds" and "beating" are said separately, and Mr. Wei may not have noticed. Yes, The Story of Awakening Marriage says in the seventy-fifth time: "I won the melon seeds with you, and I will give you a money if I lose;" You lost, hit you with melon seeds. Insert "you" and "one" between "fight" and "melon seeds". Both cases can prove that "playing melon seeds" is "playing melon seeds", not "playing melon seeds". Xuzhou means that hitting someone on the head with your hands folded (with a gap in the middle) (painless but clear voice) is called "scratching", which is also called "scratching melon seeds" (scratching). With your hands as a knife, it can be used to participate in politics.

Scholars on both sides of the strait are so serious about the dialect of Jin Ping Mei. In fact, domestic scholars, including Professor Shen Li, believe that the real author of Jin Ping Mei is a person at the junction of Sulu, Henan and Anhui, because there are too many Xuzhou dialects in the language of Jin Ping Mei. Jin Ping Mei Ci Hua taught by Shen Li is particularly interesting for Xuzhou people to read. For example, the exact meaning of "stir" in Xuzhou is a bit difficult to say. This is the "stirring fruit" in Jin Ping Mei, which means spending money. For example, the mother said to the child, "How much do you want to pack a month?" Just ask the child how much it costs a month. Besides flowers, there is another meaning, which is waste. The general meaning of this word is that "abnormal wasteful expenditure" is not limited to money expenditure; Another example is "big". People in Xuzhou often call their father "big", saying: I am big, and also saying: I am big. More interestingly, some people call their mother "Da". If so, then their father is my uncle. This title has been changed in Xuzhou. There is a principle to change the name, that is, the father is the oldest of the brothers, so after changing the name, the uncle often calls him father again.

When I lived in Xuzhou, I felt that the language of this land was not magical. If we compare it, we will find that the occurrence and development of language is related to the amateur war turmoil related to economic development. Social unrest and population migration have also changed the language. Since the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, Chinese has entered a new period, and the folk literature form of traditional Chinese opera and novel came into being. Northern dialects are the mainstream in some traditional operas and novels, among which dialects in the border areas of Jiangsu, Shandong, Henan and Anhui, especially Xuzhou dialect, also play a very important role.