What is Mayan civilization? Where is Maya?

Maya civilization is an outstanding representative of Latin American ancient Indian civilization and American ancient Indian civilization, named after Indian Maya. It was formed around 2500 BC and mainly distributed in southern Mexico, Guatemala, Brazil, Belize, Honduras and western El Salvador. Mayan civilization has made great achievements in material culture, science and art.

Mysterious cultural relic Crystal Head Skull Maya Sacrifices Mayan Civilization —— A new probe into the mystery of the extinction of Mayan civilization: One possible reason for the disappearance of Mayan civilization is the mystery of pyramids. Today's solar Mayan pyramid summarizes the basic information of Maya; Introduction to mysterious prophecy: the end of the world begins; The architecture of Mayan civilization has reached the highest level in the world, and it can carve and process solid stones. Through the long Mayan civilization (pottery)

[1] Observed the astronomical phenomena, and mastered the solar eclipse cycle and the motion laws of the sun, the moon and Venus. Sculptures, painted pottery and murals all have high artistic value and are called Greece of America. An early slave country was established around 400 BC, which flourished in the 3rd-9th century, declined in the/kloc-0th/5th century, and was finally destroyed by Spanish colonists. And then lost in the tropical jungle for a long time. 1502, Columbus sailed to America for the last time, only 10 years after he first discovered the "New World". The ship landed in the Gulf of Honduras, and Columbus and his crew set foot on the lush land for a long time. In the local market, a beautifully made pottery basin caught his attention. The seller told him that this exquisite pottery basin came from "Maya". This magical name was first introduced to the ears of Europeans. 15 19, Spanish explorer Hernando Cortes led the Spanish army across Mexico and conquered the Aztec empire, which was in the heyday of civilization. "Eradicating a culture is like a passerby breaking a sunflower by the roadside." At this time, the Mayan civilization is coming to an end, but there are still some small Mayan countries on Yucatan Peninsula. 1526, a Spanish expedition went to Yucatan Peninsula, trying to establish a Spanish colony by violence and enforce Christian belief. The Maya, who refused to yield, waged guerrilla warfare for more than a hundred years. It was not until 1697 that the last Mayan city-state was destroyed by Spanish artillery. /kloc-began to attract academic attention at the end of 0/8. At the end of 19, a number of important sites were excavated, and the modern archaeological research of Mayan civilization began. Since the 1950s, research has made rapid progress, forming a special Maya study, which is an important field of world archaeology and historical research. Scholars have different opinions about the development stage of Mayan civilization. According to the division of American archaeologist N Hammond, it can be divided into three stages: pre-classical, classical and post-classical. At present, there are still descendants of the ancient Maya on the eastern islands of the Pacific Ocean: pre-classical period, classical period and post-classical period, that is, the formation period of Mayan culture, from about 2500 BC to 250 AD. Settled agricultural life has emerged in the Peten Basin in the middle of Yucatan Peninsula and its surrounding valleys, with corn and beans as the main crops. An early sacrificial center composed of earthen platforms and altars has also been established. Since then, the country has sprouted and hieroglyphics have appeared. In the classical period (about 250 ~ 900 AD), Maya culture entered its heyday, and hundreds of large-scale cities and residents were self-reliant small city-states, which had not yet formed a unified country. The hieroglyphics and calendar characters used in each state are the same, and the urban planning, architectural style and production level are roughly the same. Most of the main sites are located in the central tropical rain forest area, and the sacrificial centers such as Tikal, Wahatong, Negras, Piedras, palenque, Copan and Kirigua have formed large-scale buildings. The Tikal site consists of hundreds of pyramid-shaped temples with magnificent weather. The urban area of 898 is 50 square kilometers and the estimated population is about 40,000. At this time, there are a large number of stone pillars engraved with age inscriptions. Generally, a stone pillar is built every 5 years, 10 years or 20 years to become a unique timing pillar. Around 800 ~ 900, these sacrificial centers were suddenly abandoned, and Mayan civilization declined sharply. 1 1 century later, the center of Mayan civilization gradually moved to the limestone lowlands in the north. The culture in the post-classical period (about 1000 ~ 1520) has a strong Mexican style. The Toltecs from Mexico conquered Yucatan Peninsula and made Chen Chi their capital. There are stone colonnades, "sacred wells" and stadiums offering sacrifices to the living, as well as astronomical observatories and the best-preserved pyramid-shaped Taiwan Province Temple, where Quezalkoyatel, the god of Gechar, is enshrined. Since then, Maya Pan in the north has replaced Itza in Chen Chi as the center of post-classical culture. During this period, the art of pottery and sculpture was rough, and the secular culture rose, which brought a militant wind. The rulers of Mayapan allied themselves with other city-states and established their own rule by force. 1450, Mayapan was burned down due to internal rebellion, and the culture tended to decline after a hundred years. From 1523 to 1524, Spanish colonists took advantage of this situation and occupied Yucatan Peninsula from Mexico, and the Mayan civilization was completely destroyed.

Reference: /view/ 169 17.htm