Does anyone know about the 75.8 flood?

1975 On August 3, Typhoon No.3 (No.7503) landed in Hualien, Taiwan, with a maximum wind speed of 55 m/s (wind 16), then entered the Taiwan Province Strait through the central part of Taiwan Province Province, and landed again in Jinjiang, Fujian Province on August 4, with a maximum wind speed of 35 m/s (wind16) Due to the strong intensity of typhoon, the low pressure of typhoon going deep inland, and the long stagnation time, there is a large-scale continuous rainfall in China, among which the "75.8" torrential rain in central Henan still maintains the extreme rainfall of 20 minutes to 72 hours in Chinese mainland. The rainfall in Zhuang Lin, Biyang County reached 830mm within 6 hours. This extraordinary typhoon brought unprecedented disaster to Henan. Two large reservoirs, Banqiao and Shimantan, as well as two medium-sized reservoirs and 58 small reservoirs in Zhumadian, Henan Province, burst their banks in a few hours. The flood of 5.7 billion cubic meters turned Zhumadian 10 county (town) into Zeguo. Adding Xuchang, Zhoukou and Nanyang, the number of people affected is 165438+. 240,000 people died (654.38+10,000 people drowned, and later died due to lack of food, water and epidemic infection140,000 people), and the Beijing-Guangzhou artery stopped driving 18 days, resulting in economic losses of nearly 10 billion yuan. Qian, then Minister of Water Resources and Electric Power, said: This is the largest flood with the largest disaster area and the largest number of deaths since the founding of the People's Republic of China, and it is the most painful lesson of water conservancy work. In addition, affected by Typhoon No.7503, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Anhui and other provinces were also affected to varying degrees. 5.39 million mu of farmland was affected, 208 people were killed, more than 560 people were injured and more than 60,000 houses collapsed. The specific situation has changed. Thirty years later, let's look back at the flooded flood ... Banqiao Reservoir was built in 195 1. 1In August, 975, a torrential rain occurred in Zhumadian, with a rainfall of 860mm in six hours, the highest in the world. The inflow exceeds the design standard of Banqiao Reservoir. On the morning of August 8th 1, the flood overflowed along the whole dam line with the potential of1.75m higher than the dam crest, resulting in dam failure. In fact, there are signs of catastrophe. In the summer of July 8, 1975, the people of Banqiao Commune, Biyang County, Zhumadian District saw a serious drought, with rivers cut off, ponds dried up and seedlings died. On August 4th, in Xiping, Linying, Biyang, Fangcheng, Queshan and other places, it was observed that there was no purple at sunrise, dark clouds followed the sky, southern rainbows appeared, ants moved, mice climbed trees, dogs refused to eat, chickens climbed trees and snakes came out of holes. The peasant women were surprised: their chickens and ducks were flying and screaming; Pigs run around in the pen and refuse to be quiet; Dogs jumped up and down, and a rhubarb dog even jumped on the roof and barked at the sky. In the courtyard of Banqiao Reservoir Management Bureau, there is an old pagoda tree with thick arms folded, and there are many holes the size of a bowl and more than a foot deep in the tree. These tree holes dry up on sunny days and water them on cloudy days, but no one has ever seen the water in the tree holes overflow. However, on the morning of August 4, water from several tree holes kept overflowing. The water in Banqiao Reservoir began to be turbid, and ants were everywhere under the dam. On the slope downstream of Banqiao Reservoir, there are dark crows, which can't be driven away and are noisy. 10 around 8 o'clock, a blinding flash of lightning suddenly split in the sky, and then a huge thunder exploded in mid-air. There was a lot of thunder and little rain. With the help of lightning, people found that the sky had changed from indigo to dark blue, and the clouds rolled rapidly, as if to send lightning to the ground. The precursor of a catastrophe appeared. On July 3 1, 65438, 0975 and 3 typhoons formed over the Pacific Ocean and entered Zhumadian area on August 7. Before the arrival of the typhoon, Zhumadian began to rain heavily. At noon on August 5, the water potential soared and the first flood peak appeared. The rain was pouring down, and no one could be seen a few steps away. Hold an empty washbasin and stretch it out from the door to get water. A washbasin can hold telescopic hands. At night, the water in the courtyard of Banqiao Reservoir Management Bureau has exceeded 1 m, and more than 70 houses including the switchboard room have been flooded, and the telephone in the reservoir area has been interrupted. The Administration lost contact with the rainfall stations such as Longwang Temple, Taohuadian, Huoshi Mountain, Mayigou, Lime Cave and Zushi Temple in the upper reaches of the reservoir. Banqiao Street accumulated more than two feet of water on average, and houses such as supply and marketing cooperatives and banks were washed away by floods. The flood outside the dam can't be discharged because the irrigation channel is blocked, which causes east-west backflow and floods the dam foundation of the reservoir. A large number of houses collapsed in the street, and residents cried. In the panic, the local garrison and Banqiao commune cadres organized forces to fight floods and rescue, and organized the masses to evacuate to Beishan. The torrential rain for several days caused the water level of Banqiao Reservoir to skyrocket. Coupled with poor communication, reservoir managers dare not release a lot of water without orders from superiors. However, a large number of floods in Shimantan Reservoir quickly flowed into Banqiao Reservoir, which accelerated the surge of water level in Banqiao Reservoir. On August 7th 19: 30, the Reservoir Administration sent a special telegram to the superior with the military communication equipment of the local garrison, saying: "The water level of Banqiao Reservoir has risen sharply, and the situation is very critical. The water level is only 1.3 meters away from the dam crest. If it rains for another 300 mm, the reservoir will be in danger of collapse! "At 0: 20 on the 8 th, the Reservoir Administration sent a special telegram to the superior for the second time, requesting that the auxiliary spillway be blown up by plane to ensure the safety of the dam. However, like the first urgent telegram, this telegram failed to reach the superior leader. Forty minutes later, the rising flood overflowed the dam. The third time, the Reservoir Management Bureau sent a special telegram to the superior to report the breach of the reservoir. At 4 o'clock, the local garrison of the reservoir risked being struck by lightning, moved the walkie-talkie antenna to the roof, got in touch with the superior and reported the danger of Banqiao Reservoir. At the same time, in order to report the danger of the reservoir in time and let the downstream people move urgently, the garrison fired two red flares downstream at the southern end of the dam in an emergency situation where it could not communicate with the outside world, each time. Three lights were ejected to the north dam head to warn the downstream. Subsequently, 10 flares and 40 bullets were fired. However, because there was no warning signal at the critical moment in advance, the downstream people didn't know what happened after seeing the flare. In the early morning of the 8 th, the flood rushed out of the Banqiao Reservoir like a runaway wild horse and rushed downstream at a speed of 6 meters per second. The tragedy is unforgettable: houses in a large area of suiping county are out of sight, and Wang Yang is everywhere. There are a few places where you can see a little treetops, and you can see the tall chimney of a factory in the county, but you can't see anything else. The flood rushed thousands of miles, from the reservoir to the banks of the Ruhe River, which is 50 kilometers long on the Beijing-Guangzhou railway. Three 60-ton oil tanks were washed into Suyahu Reservoir, and the twisted rails and overturned suiping county Jingguang Highway Bridge all showed the world the power of flood. The reporter saw from the information provided by the Party History Department of Zhumadian that after the flood, villages, houses, roads, bridges and trees were gone, which was terrible. Zhu Chengchao, then secretary of Biyang County Party Committee, ordered the members of Banqiao and Shahedian Commune to evacuate in advance, but the speed of flood was much faster than the pace of people's escape. Banqiao people were all evacuated, but 827 people died in the flood in Shahedian commune. More unfortunately, suiping county Wencheng Commune is separated from Shahedian Commune by water. When the people in Biyang were evacuated, they didn't know what happened. On the morning of the 8th 1, a flood more than 60 meters high suddenly struck like a river, and the unknown village of Wencheng disappeared instantly! Commune 36,000 people, 1.8 million people were killed! On the morning of 8th 1 hour, after the dam of Banqiao Reservoir broke, only one hour later, the flood rushed into suiping county and suiping county, 400,000 people, half of whom were drowned. Some people were strangled by wires on the way, some people rushed into culverts and suffocated, and some people even fell into the whirlpool and drowned when the flood crossed the high slope of Beijing-Guangzhou Railway. In just 6 hours, Banqiao Reservoir poured 71100 million cubic meters of flood downstream. Upon arrival in suiping county, [color=red] the water surface is wide 10km and the wave height is 3-7m[/color]. Suiping county has 830 square kilometers of land and a piece of Wang Yang. Where the flood passes, there are no villages, big or small. Five hours after the dam break of Banqiao Reservoir, the reservoir water was exhausted. The land of 14 commune and 133 brigade along the Ruhe River suffered a rare impact disaster. After the flood, the cooked soil in the field was blown away, and the black soil disappeared, leaving only a creepy bright yellow. At 23: 45 on August 8, Zhumadian City Flood Control Headquarters reported to the Central Flood Control Headquarters: "Since 20: 00 yesterday, Xiping, Suiping and Biyang counties have lost contact due to line interruption, railways and highways have been destroyed. The situation is unknown. According to the results of our investigation this afternoon, there is no house in a large area of Suiping County, but there is a piece of Wang Yang. In some places, you can see a little treetops, and you can also see the tall chimney of a factory in the county, but you can't see anything else. "According to statistics, this flood affected 30 counties (cities) in Zhumadian, Xuchang, Zhoukou and Nanyang. The affected population10155,000, and [color = red] 865,000 people [/color] suffered devastating disasters. 96% of the entire Zhumadian area was affected by the disaster, and many places were covered by Wang Yang, with an average water depth of 3-7 meters. The villagers of Daluchen Village, 4 kilometers east of Banqiao Reservoir, later described it as follows: "It is white from a distance and empty from a distance. There is no road into the village, only one tree is left. "After the flood, Zhumadian prefectural party committee sent an emergency telegram to the CPC Central Committee, the State Council, the Central Military Commission, the Henan Provincial Party Committee and all provinces and cities across the country, and organized party member cadres at all levels in the whole region to form a rescue team to go deep into the flood control line and rescue the masses. From August 8 to September 5, various military regions, the Railway Corps Command, the North Sea Fleet, the East China Sea Fleet, the Henan Military Region and other units rushed to the flood fighting and rescue forces in Zhumadian disaster area, reaching 66 units with 426 18 people. According to post-disaster statistics, in this flood, in addition to the state's assistance of 300 million yuan to the disaster-stricken areas in Zhumadian, all sectors of society and the People's Liberation Army spontaneously donated more than 300 million yuan ... At current prices, Zhumadian has regained its vitality after 30 years. 1986 Banqiao reservoir reconstruction project was included in the "seventh five-year plan" national key project.