The working principles of the Opinions on Deepening the Reform of Ecological Protection Compensation System are as follows

The working principles of ecological protection opinions are systematic promotion, policy coordination, government leading, participation of all parties, strengthening incentives and hardening constraints, which are the working principles of future ecological protection compensation system reform. Ecological environment is a major political issue related to the mission and purpose of the Party, and also a major social issue related to the national economy and people's livelihood. As an important part of system of ecological civilization, the compensation system for ecological protection is an important means to implement the rights and responsibilities of ecological protection, mobilize the enthusiasm of all parties to participate in ecological protection and promote the construction of ecological civilization. In order to thoroughly implement Xi Jinping's ecological civilization thought, further deepen the reform of ecological protection compensation system and accelerate the construction of system of ecological civilization system, we hereby put forward the following opinions.

I. General requirements

(1) guiding ideology. Guided by Xi Jinping's Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the New Era, we will thoroughly implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Second, Third, Fourth and Fifth Plenary Sessions of the 19th National Congress, adhere to the general tone of striving for progress while maintaining stability, base ourselves on the new stage of development, implement the new development concept, build a new development pattern, practice the concept that green mountains and green waters are priceless, and improve the overall coordination mechanism in the field of ecological civilization. Accelerate the improvement of the ecological protection compensation system, which combines the effective market with the government, gives overall consideration to classified compensation and comprehensive compensation, promotes vertical compensation and horizontal compensation in coordination, and strengthens the coordination of incentives and hardening constraints, so as to promote the whole society to form the consciousness of respecting nature, adapting to nature and protecting nature, and do a good job in the peak of carbon dioxide emission and carbon neutrality. Accelerate the development of green and low carbon, promote the overall green transformation of economic and social development, and build a modernization in which man and nature live in harmony.

(2) Working principle

-Systematic promotion and policy coordination. Adhere to and strengthen the overall leadership of the party, make overall plans to promote the reform of the compensation system for ecological protection and related fields, and strengthen the connection and matching of various systems. According to the integrity, systematicness and inherent laws of the ecosystem, we will improve the compensation mechanism for ecological protection and promote the overall protection of the ecological environment.

-government-led, all parties involved. Give full play to the leading role of the government in carrying out ecological protection compensation and implementing ecological protection responsibilities, actively guide the participation of all sectors of society, and promote the practice of market-oriented and diversified compensation. Gradually improve the ecological protection compensation system and mechanism with strong government leadership, orderly social participation and effective market regulation.

-Strengthen incentives and harden constraints. Accelerate the construction of the rule of law and regulate the compensation behavior of ecological protection by legal means. Clearly define the rights and obligations of all parties, realize the correspondence between interests and compensation, and match the right to enjoy compensation with the obligation to protect. Improve the evaluation mechanism, increase rewards and punishments according to laws and regulations, and investigate serious responsibilities.

(3) reform objectives. By 2025, an ecological protection compensation system adapted to economic and social development will be basically established. The classified compensation system based on the cost of ecological protection is becoming more and more perfect, the comprehensive compensation system based on improving the public service guarantee ability is constantly improving, the market-oriented and diversified compensation pattern based on the beneficiary payment principle is initially formed, the enthusiasm of the whole society to participate in ecological protection is significantly enhanced, and the benign interaction between ecological protectors and beneficiaries is basically formed. By 2035, an ecological protection compensation system will be basically established to meet the requirements of ecological civilization construction in the new period.

Second, pay attention to important ecological and environmental factors and improve the classified compensation system.

Improve the classified compensation system for ecological environment factors, comprehensively consider the economic and social development of ecological protection areas, the effectiveness of ecological protection and other factors to determine the compensation level, and appropriately compensate the ecological protection costs of different factors.

(1) Establish and improve the classified compensation system. Strengthen the protection of aquatic biological resources and ensure that the ten-year fishing ban in key waters of the Yangtze River Basin is put in place. Compensation for ecological protection of water flow will be implemented in key areas such as river sources, important water sources, key areas for soil erosion prevention and control, flood storage and detention areas, and damaged rivers and lakes. Improve the dynamic adjustment mechanism of compensation standards for public welfare forests, and encourage local governments to explore differentiated compensation for public welfare forests in light of actual conditions. Improve the natural forest protection system and strengthen the protection and management of natural forest resources. Improve the compensation mechanism for wetland ecological protection, and gradually realize the full coverage of ecological protection compensation for national important wetlands (including internationally important wetlands). Improve the subsidy system of agricultural ecological governance oriented by green ecology. Improve the compensation mechanism for cultivated land protection, promote conservation tillage according to local conditions, and improve the system of cultivated land rotation and fallow. Implement the incentive policy for grassland ecological protection. This study included degraded and desertified grasslands in the scope of grazing prohibition. We will ban and protect contiguous desertified land that temporarily does not have governance conditions and is not suitable for development and utilization due to ecological protection, and improve the compensation system for ecological protection of desertified land. Study and establish a compensation system for offshore ecological protection.

(two) gradually explore the overall protection mode. Under the premise of ensuring the implementation of the classified compensation policy for the right holders of ecological environment elements, the local government of ecological protection areas should combine the systematic planning of various ecological environment elements coexisting in the ecological space, steadily promote the overall use of ecological protection compensation funds from different channels according to law, flexibly and effectively promote the ecological protection compensation work, and improve the overall efficiency of ecological protection. Relevant departments should strengthen communication and coordination to avoid repeated compensation.

Third, focus on national ecological security and improve the comprehensive compensation system.

Adhere to the matching of ecological protection compensation and financial capacity, and link up with the promotion of equalization of basic public services. According to the function of ecological space, the comprehensive compensation system of vertical and horizontal integration is implemented to promote the interests of ecological benefit areas and protected areas.

(1) Increase the vertical compensation. Combined with the financial situation of the central government, the scale of transfer payment in key ecological functional areas will be gradually increased. The investment in the central budget will be inclined to the construction of infrastructure and basic public service facilities in key ecological functional areas. We will continue to give ecological protection compensation to ecologically fragile poverty-stricken areas and maintain support for the original deep poverty-stricken areas. Provincial governments should increase investment in ecological protection compensation funds, introduce guiding policies and incentive and restraint measures for ecological protection compensation according to local conditions, mobilize the enthusiasm of local governments below the provincial level, strengthen ecological protection and promote green development.

(2) Highlight the key points of vertical compensation. For areas with prominent ecological functions, such as the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the South-to-North Water Transfer Project, we will increase support by increasing the transfer payment coefficient and increasing the ecological environment expenditure in the calculation of key ecological function areas, so as to promote their basic public service guarantee ability to be at the forefront of areas with the same financial level. Establish and improve the compensation mechanism for ecological protection of nature reserves with national parks as the main body, and increase protection compensation according to the scale of nature reserves and the effectiveness of management and protection. Provincial governments should fully include areas with important ecological functions into the scope of provincial transfer payment for ecological protection compensation.

(3) Improve the vertical compensation method. According to the characteristics of ecological benefit spillover, ecological function importance, ecological environment sensitivity and fragility, differential compensation is implemented in the transfer payment of key ecological function areas. Introduce the red line of ecological protection as the distribution factor of related transfer payments, and increase support for areas with high coverage of the red line of ecological protection. Explore the establishment of a reverse correlation mechanism between compensation funds and industries related to the destruction of ecological environment, and appropriately reduce the scale of compensation funds for the development of industries related to the destruction of ecological environment in areas with important ecological functions. This paper studies how to compensate the areas that absorb more ecological immigrants through the incentive funds for the urbanization of agricultural transfer population, and guide the population of areas with important ecological functions with great pressure on resources and environment to gradually and orderly transfer outward. Continue to promote the pilot work of comprehensive ecological compensation.

(4) Improve the lateral compensation mechanism. Consolidate the pilot results of cross-provincial basin horizontal ecological protection compensation mechanism, and summarize and popularize mature experience. Encourage local governments to speed up the construction of cross-provincial horizontal ecological protection compensation mechanism for key river basins and carry out cross-regional joint prevention and control. Promote the establishment of compensation mechanisms for horizontal ecological protection in the Yangtze River and Yellow River basins, and support the provinces along the Yangtze River (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) to independently establish inter-provincial and intra-provincial compensation mechanisms for horizontal ecological protection of the main stream and important tributaries. The central finance and provincial finance give guidance and support to the compensation for horizontal ecological protection of key river basins across provinces and cities, which is particularly important for ecological functions. Encourage local governments to explore compensation methods for horizontal ecological protection of other ecological environment factors such as the atmosphere, and promote positive interaction between beneficiary areas and ecological protection areas through counterpart cooperation, industrial transfer, personnel training, building parks, and purchasing ecological products and services.

Fourth, give play to the role of market mechanism and accelerate the diversification of salary

Reasonable definition of ecological environmental rights, according to the principle of beneficiary pays, through marketization and diversification, promote the interests of ecological protectors to be effectively compensated and stimulate the enthusiasm of the whole society to participate in ecological protection.

(1) Improve the market trading mechanism. Accelerate the unified registration of natural resources, establish a property right system of natural resources assets with clear ownership, clear rights and responsibilities, strict protection, smooth circulation and effective supervision, improve the paid use system of natural resources assets that reflects market supply and demand, resource scarcity, ecological value and intergenerational compensation, and give reasonable compensation to the obligee who fulfills the obligation of protecting natural resources assets. On the premise of controlling the total amount reasonably and scientifically, the initial distribution system of water rights, emission rights and carbon emission rights should be established. Gradually develop market-oriented environmental rights transactions. Encourage all regions to solve the new water demand through water rights trading according to the total amount and rights of regional water intake. Clear water users' right to use water resources, and encourage water users to transfer water rights with compensation on the basis of saving water resources. Fully implement the pollutant discharge permit system, and implement the paid use and transaction of emission rights in ecological protection areas on the premise that the ecological environment quality meets the standards. Accelerate the construction of a national market for energy use rights and carbon emission rights. Improve the carbon emission rights offset mechanism based on the national voluntary greenhouse gas emission reduction trading mechanism, and incorporate voluntary greenhouse gas emission reduction projects with various ecological and social benefits such as forestry, renewable energy and biogas utilization into the national carbon emission rights trading market.

(2) Expand market-oriented financing channels. Research and develop financing tools based on water rights, emission rights, carbon emission rights and other resources and environmental rights, establish a green stock index, and develop carbon emission rights futures trading. Expand the pilot scope of the green financial reform and innovation pilot zone, and take the ecological protection compensation financing mechanism and model innovation as important pilot contents. Promote the financial model of eco-industrial chain. Encourage banking financial institutions to provide green credit services that meet the financing characteristics of green projects. Encourage qualified non-financial enterprises and institutions to issue green bonds. Encourage insurance institutions to develop innovative green insurance products and participate in ecological protection compensation.

(3) Explore diversified compensation methods. Support ecological education and training in areas with important ecological functions, guide the development of industries with distinctive advantages, and expand the production of green products. Accelerate the development of ecological agriculture and circular agriculture. Promote the pilot of eco-environment oriented development model. Encourage local governments to organically combine environmental pollution prevention, ecosystem protection and restoration projects with eco-industry development, improve residents' participation methods, and establish a sustainable benefit-sharing mechanism. Establish and improve the franchise management system of business projects in the control area of nature reserves. Explore the compensation mechanism for trans-regional transfer and disposal of hazardous wastes.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) improves the supporting measures in related fields and enhances the coordination of reform.

Accelerate the system construction and institutional mechanism reform in related fields, and provide more reliable legal guarantee, policy support and technical support for deepening the reform of ecological protection compensation system.

(1) Accelerate the construction of the rule of law. Implement the Environmental Protection Law, the Yangtze River Protection Law and laws and regulations on water, forests, grasslands, oceans and fisheries. Accelerate the study and formulation of compensation regulations for ecological protection, and clarify the rights and obligations of ecological beneficiaries and ecological protectors. Carry out legislative research on laws and regulations related to ecological function areas such as ecological protection compensation and important river basins, and speed up the legislative process of the Yellow River protection. Encourage and guide local governments to introduce laws, regulations or normative documents related to ecological protection compensation in light of local conditions. Strengthen law enforcement inspection and create a rule of law atmosphere for fulfilling ecological protection obligations according to law.

(2) Improve the ecological environment monitoring system. Accelerate the construction of a unified natural resources investigation and monitoring system, and carry out the classification of natural resources owned by the whole people and the inventory of natural resources assets. Improve the unified ecological environment monitoring network, optimize the layout of national ecological environment monitoring points such as important water bodies, key areas, key ecological function areas and ecological protection red lines, enhance the ability of automatic monitoring and early warning, accelerate the improvement of the ecological protection compensation monitoring support system, and promote the national ecological quality monitoring and evaluation. Establish a statistical index system and information release system for ecological protection compensation.

(3) Give play to the adjustment function of fiscal and taxation policies. Give play to the regulatory role of resource tax, environmental protection tax and other taxes related to ecological environment protection, as well as the income management system of natural resources assets such as land, minerals and oceans. Continue to promote the reform of water resources tax. Implement preferential tax policies in energy conservation and environmental protection, new energy, ecological construction and other related fields. Gradually explore the evaluation of eco-environmental protection budget expenditure. Implement the government's green procurement policy, establish a green procurement guidance mechanism, increase the procurement of green products, and support the innovation of green technology and the development of green building materials.

(4) Improve relevant supporting policies and measures. Establish an eco-environmental protection mechanism with occupation compensation, damage compensation and protection compensation. Establish and improve the occupation compensation system for occupying all kinds of natural ecological space according to law. Gradually establish a unified green product evaluation standard, green product certification and labeling system, and improve the geographical indication protection system. Establish and improve the green electricity production and consumption certificate system. Vigorously implement major projects for biodiversity protection. Effectively prevent and control the harm caused by wild animals, and compensate the casualties, crops or other property losses caused by wild animals protected by law according to law. Actively promote international exchanges and cooperation in the fields of ecological protection, environmental governance and climate change, and carry out joint research on technologies and methods related to ecological protection compensation.

Sixth, strengthen the sense of responsibility for ecological protection and strengthen incentives and constraints.

Improve the ecological protection evaluation system, strengthen the application of evaluation results, strictly investigate the responsibility for ecological environmental damage, and promote all parties to implement the main responsibility and earnestly fulfill their respective obligations.

(a) the implementation of the main responsibility. Local party committees and governments at all levels should strengthen the sense of main responsibility, establish a correct view of political achievements, implement the responsibility system for ecological civilization construction of leading cadres, compact the responsibility for ecological environmental protection, strictly implement the responsibility of the party and the government, strengthen policy propaganda, actively explore practice, and promote the detailed implementation of reform tasks. Relevant departments should strengthen the system construction, give full play to the role of the inter-ministerial joint meeting system for ecological protection compensation, and study and solve important problems in the reform process in time. The Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Ecology and Environment should coordinate and promote the implementation of the reform task. The local government of the ecological protection zone should co-ordinate the compensation resources for ecological protection in all channels, increase the protection of the ecological environment, and prevent the ecological environment from being damaged while enjoying the compensation policy. Ecological benefit areas should consciously strengthen the sense of compensation and actively fulfill their compensation responsibilities.

(2) Improve the evaluation mechanism. On the basis of improving the monitoring and evaluation system of ecological environment quality, comprehensively evaluate the implementation of ecological protection compensation responsibility and the effectiveness of ecological protection work, and improve the incentive and restraint mechanism linked to the evaluation results and the allocation of transfer payment funds. To carry out relevant evaluation in accordance with the regulations, the implementation of ecological protection compensation responsibility and the effectiveness of ecological protection work should be taken as important contents. Promote comprehensive budget performance management of ecological protection compensation funds. Increase the publicity of ecological environment quality monitoring and evaluation results. Incorporate the improvement of ecological environment and basic public services into the performance appraisal system. Encourage local governments to explore the establishment of a green performance evaluation mechanism.

(3) Strengthen supervision and accountability. Strengthen the tracking of the progress of ecological protection compensation, carry out the evaluation of the implementation effect of ecological protection compensation, and include the areas and departments with poor ecological protection compensation and outstanding problems into the scope of supervision. Strengthen the audit of natural resources assets leaving office. Those who make blind decisions regardless of the ecological environment and cause serious consequences will be strictly accountable and accountable for life according to the rules and regulations.

All relevant departments in all regions should fully understand the great significance of deepening the reform of the compensation system for ecological protection, thoroughly implement Xi Jinping's thought of ecological civilization, unify thoughts and actions with the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, strengthen the "four consciousnesses", strengthen the "four self-confidences", realize the "two maintenances", actively plan, carefully organize and solidly promote the construction of various systems of ecological civilization, effectively transform institutional advantages into governance efficiency, and strive to create a bluer sky and greener environment.

legal ground

Opinions on Deepening the Reform of Ecological Protection Compensation System

Ecological environment is a major political issue related to the mission and purpose of love, and also a major social issue related to people's livelihood. As an important part of system of ecological civilization, the compensation system for ecological protection is an important means to implement the rights and responsibilities of ecological protection, mobilize the enthusiasm of all parties to participate in ecological protection and promote the construction of ecological civilization. In order to thoroughly implement Chairman's ecological civilization thought, further deepen the reform of ecological protection compensation system and accelerate the construction of system of ecological civilization system.