I can answer about Het Achterhuis.

There is profound introspection, feeling, yearning for freedom, inner loneliness and fear. ...

1942, because the Nazi authorities arrested Jews more and more seriously, and Anne's sister also received the labor notice from the Nazi authorities, Fan Dan decided to move to a more secret and safe residence with Anne's family; On July 9th of that year, Anne and Fan Dan moved into the third and fourth floors of Otto Company, blocked the entrance and exit with bookcases, and lived a secret life. There should be room for one more person, so their partner added a dentist, Dussel. So there are eight people living in a secret house. However, on August 4, 1944, Anne's family was arrested by German and Dutch police because someone tipped them off. A few days later, all the people were transferred to Westerbork concentration camp in the Netherlands, and a month later, eight people were transferred from their secret houses to Auschwitz concentration camp in Poland. Later, Anne and her sister were transferred to Belgen-Balzen concentration camp. 1In March, 945, both sisters died of typhoid fever in the camp, less than two months after the British liberated the Belgen-Balcen concentration camp. Other members of the secret house, except Otto, died in the concentration camp. Anne's diary was preserved by the company's female staff, and then the company's female staff gave it to otto frank, and she survived. Anne's diary was published in 1947, which became a valuable first-hand information.

Early life

Anne Frank's family also includes her mother Idis and her sister margot. She was born Anne Marie, but her family and friends called her "Anne". Sometimes her father calls her "Anna Lin". Franks live in an assimilated community where Jews and non-Jews live together. Like other children living in this environment, Anne often contacts people of different faiths (such as Catholics and Protestants) and other Jews. Franks believe in Judaism, a branch of Judaism, and only abide by some primitive Jewish teachings, ignoring and abandoning many primitive Jewish traditions. Anne's mother, Idis, was a devout believer, while her father, Otto, was an official of the German government during World War I and was decorated. Otto is keen on pursuing knowledge, so she often encourages Anne and her sister Margot to study. 1March, 933 13, Frankfurt held a city Council election, and the Nazi party led by Hitler won. At this time, the rapid expansion of anti-Semitism made Franks start to worry that staying in Germany would cause danger to their own security. Towards the end of the year, Eidis took Anne and Margot to live in Aachen's mother-in-law's house, while ot to stayed in Frankfurt until he received an invitation to open a company in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, and decided to move there to take care of business and arrange a new residence for his family. Franks were one of the 300,000 Jews who left Germany from 1933 to 1939. Otto started a company called "Opekta Works", which is responsible for the wholesale of pectin extracted from various fruits. He found a new place for his family in Melwade Square on the outskirts of Amsterdam. 1934 In February, Idis moved to a new residence with Anne and margot, and rearranged the school for the two sisters. My sister margot attends a public school, while Anne attends a Montessori education school. The two sisters have their own specialties in learning. Margot is better at arithmetic and mathematics, while Anne is better at reading and writing. Hannah Gosla, a friend of Anne's at that time, recalled that Anne often covered her answers with her hands in her homework to avoid being copied by other students, and she would not discuss them with other students. But none of these assignments were kept later. At the same time, Anne and margot also have obvious differences in personality. Margot is gentle, conservative and diligent, while Anne is talkative, outgoing and energetic. 1938, Otto moved with his family from Osnabrü ck, Germany, and set up another company in partnership with a butcher named Herman Yunpes. Anne's grandmother also moved to Amsterdam in 1939, where she lived until her death in 1942+0. 1940 In May, the Germans invaded and quickly occupied the Netherlands, and the newly established pro-Nazi government began to persecute Jews through differential treatment and strict law enforcement. The government imposed compulsory registration and segregation on Jews, so even though margot and Anne did well in school, the new system stipulated that they could only study in designated Jewish schools, so they had to leave their original schools. After that, they were enrolled in Jewish workshops to continue their studies.

Diary life: hiding in front of the secret room: 1942 12 In June, when Anne was celebrating 13' s birthday, she received a small book as a birthday present from her father when she was shopping. This is an autograph book with a red and white plaid cover and a small lock. But Anne later decided to use this little book as a diary. She began to record all kinds of trivial things in daily life in her diary, such as herself, family and friends, campus life, neighbors and even playing with some boys. These early diaries all recorded her life, in fact, they are almost the same as other students. At the same time, Anne also recorded some changes around her under German occupation. Some are invisible on the surface. However, Anne also revealed in her later diary that the Nazi oppression of Jews was expanding rapidly and recorded some detailed data. One example is about forcing Jews to carry "Yellow Star" diaries in public. She also listed a series of prohibition and persecution measures against Jews popular in Amsterdam. At the same time, she also expressed her sadness at the death of her grandmother at the beginning of the year. 1942 In July, margot received a call-up notice from the Central Office of the Jewish Immigration Bureau, ordering her father to report to a nearby labor camp. Then Anne learned that her father Otto had "communicated" with the employees of her company and decided to hide them in the company, and her mother and sister had already learned about it. Therefore, the family moved to a secret room of the company on the bank of the Prince Canal in Amsterdam.

1On the morning of July 6, 942, Anne's family moved to a secret house for temporary shelter. They deliberately decorated the house in the style of Anne Frank.

Chaos, trying to create what they have left. Otto frank left a note hinting that they were going to Switzerland. They were forced to keep Annie's cat Mocky. Because Jews were not allowed to take public transportation, they walked several kilometers from home. Everyone wore several layers of clothes for fear of being seen with luggage. The secret of the house added in the diary is called "Achterhuis", which means back seat in Dutch. Vito Guga, Kilvin, Meiyaji and Voguzhi are the only employees who know that someone is hiding here. Kish's husband and Wo Guzhi's father are both people who help them hide. They are the only contact between the people in the house and the outside world, and they will also tell them about the war and political development. They ensure the safety of people in the house and take care of their daily life and diet-this task becomes difficult as time goes by. Anne wrote down their contribution to improving the morale of the house in the most dangerous period. They all know that once discovered, helping Jews will lead to the death penalty. At the end of July, the Youpeisi family joined the Frank family, along with a dentist and a friend of the Youpeisi family. Anne wrote down the excitement of talking with new friends, but soon, the narrow living environment caused conflicts. Anne and Hua Fei shared a room, and she soon found him unbearable. She's in conflict with Egis Yunpace again. She thinks she is stupid. The relationship between her and her mother is getting more and more tense. Anne said that she and her mother have nothing in common. Although she sometimes quarrels with margot, her closest relative is her father. After a while, she and Peter fell in love. Anne spends most of her time reading and studying and keeps a diary in her spare time. In addition to writing down what she experienced in her life, she also wrote down her feelings, beliefs and hopes, some things that she felt she could no longer talk about. Later, her confidence in writing increased and she became mature. She began to write something abstract, such as her belief in God or how she understood human nature. She wrote the last article in August 1944.

1on the morning of August 4, 944, the German police broke into their secret house and arrested them. The identity of the informant is still unknown. Under the leadership of SS leader Spapova, the German police always have at least three members. Everyone in the house was taken away by van for questioning. Vito Guga and Kilvin were both taken away and put in prison, but Meiyaji and Heji were not taken away. Everyone else was taken to the Gestapo base and interrogated all night. On August 5, they were transferred to the detention center, which is an extremely crowded prison. Two days later, eight Jewish prisoners were transferred to Westborg in the Netherlands. On the surface, this is a temporary detention camp. At that time, more than ten thousand Jews were detained here. Because they were found hiding, they were regarded as criminals and sent to hard labor. Vito Guga and Kilvin were imprisoned in a prison camp in Amherstford. Kilvin was released after seven weeks, but Vito Guga worked in different labor camps until the end of the war. Meiyaji and Wojizhi were forcibly questioned by the secret police, but they were not taken away. They later returned to the secret room and found Anne's papers scattered on the ground; They put them with the family photo album, and Keith intends to return them to Annie after the war. 1On August 7, 944, Mayagis approached Spapova, hoping to bribe him in exchange for the release of prisoners, but was rejected. On September 3, they were transferred for the last time and sent to Auschwitz concentration camp by train. Three days later, they arrived, separated, and never met again. 10 19 passengers, 549 people (including all children under 15) were directly sent to the gas chamber for execution. Annie is fifteen years and three months old, and she is still alive. Although everyone in the secret room survived, Anne believed that her father was dead. Annie, like other women who have not been sent to the gas chamber, must be stripped naked, disinfected, shaved and tattooed with identification codes. Forced to do slave-like drudgery during the day and crowded into cold barracks at night. The disease raged and Anne's skin was infected with scabies. 101On October 28th, the military began to choose to transfer to Belgen-Balcen concentration camp. More than 8,000 women, including Anne, margot and Eggerz Youpes, were transferred to concentration camps; Her mother Eidis stayed. Because a large number of prisoners have been brought in, we should start to put them in concentration camps; Anne and margot are two of them. The population has increased, and the death rate is also rising. Anne was briefly reunited with two friends, both of whom were survivors of the war. Rand described Anne as bald, thin and trembling. Henny said that although Anne was sick herself, she was more worried about margot, because her illness was worse, and she could no longer walk. She often hid in a cot. Anne told her two friends that she believed her parents had died. 1March 945, typhoid fever spread in the concentration camp, 17000 prisoners died. Witnesses said that margot fell from her crib and died of shock, and Anne died a few days later. They estimated that Anne's death occurred on April 5, 1945, a few weeks before the British recaptured the concentration camp. Although there is no exact date, it is generally believed that the time is between the end of February and the middle of March. After the war, it was reported that of the 1 10000 Jews who were escorted from the Netherlands to Nazi Germany, only 5,000 survived. It is also estimated that there are still about 30,000 Jews in the Netherlands, most of whom have received assistance from underground anti-Nazi organizations, and about two-thirds of them have survived.

Diary publication: Only Otto's father survived after the war. After the war, he returned to Eminem's Diary of Anne Frank.

Stan, knowing that his wife was dead, and his two daughters were transferred to Belgen-Balzen concentration camp. Although he still hoped that his two daughters would come back alive, in July of 1945, he received news from the International Red Cross that the two sisters had been confirmed dead. Later, Otto's old subordinate Meiya? Keith returned the diary he had been collecting to him. After reading the diary, Otto also said that she never thought that Anne had such an accurate and good record of her past life in her diary. Based on Anne's many statements that she wanted to be a writer, Otto began to consider publishing her diary. A few years later, when Otto was asked how he felt about it again, he said, "This is also a discovery for me. I never knew that she had such deep thoughts and feelings ... she never showed them. " At the beginning, Anne's diary was to express her thoughts, and she repeatedly stressed that no one was allowed to read her diary. She skillfully described her life, her family and companions, their situation, and at the same time showed her intention to write a novel and publish it. 1944 In the spring, she heard the broadcast of Gerrit Bolkestein, a member of the Dutch government in exile. He said that when the war is over, he will organize a public record of the oppression suffered by the Dutch people during the war. He also mentioned publishing letters and diaries, so Anne decided to hand in diaries at that time. She began to revise her works, cut some parts and rewrite some parts, hoping to publish them one day. She used up her old notebook and began to write another exercise book. She gave a pseudonym to everyone in the room. The Yunpeisi family became He Wen, and Cao Nina, Peter Yun Dan and Fitz became Aba Desu. Otto frank published the first edition of the diary. The original diary was called "version A" and the revised diary was called "version B". He took away several articles, most of which described his wife in unpleasant language, and some chapters described Anne's interest in sex. He replied to the true identity of their family, and others still used pseudonyms. He gave the diary to historian Anne Romey, but her attempt to publish it was unsuccessful. Then she gave the diary to her husband, and he wrote an article about the diary called "A Child's Voice", which was published in the newspaper on April 3rd. 1946. He wrote: "The diary stammered out a child's voice, reflecting the horror of fascism, even the Nuremberg trial was not as good as it." His article caught the attention of publishers. 1947, diary first, reproduced in 1950. The first edition in the United States was in 1952, and the title was Anne Frank: A Girl's Diary. In France, Germany and America, the publication of diaries is very popular. But Britain is an exception. It stopped printing at 1953. In Japan, the publication of this book attracted great attention and praise, and the first edition sold more than 100000 copies. In Japan at that time, Anne Frank also became a symbol of the younger generation who suffered in the war. Later, Abba Hodge adapted it into a play, which premiered in new york on May 5th, 1955, and later won the Pulitzer Prize. From 65438 to 0959, the diary was made into a movie. Het Achterhuis was very positive in both reviews and box office. With the passage of time, the popularity of diaries is increasing day by day. In many schools, especially in the United States, it is included in the formal curriculum of the school and introduces Anne to a new generation of readers. From 65438 to 0986, the Dutch National Institute of War Literature published a so-called "critical edition" diary. It includes a comparison of all known versions, including revised and unmodified versions. It also includes a discussion on the authenticity of the diary and additional historical information about the family and the diary. 1999, Cornelis Suijk, former chairman of the Anne Frank Fund and chairman of the American Holocaust Memorial Education Fund, announced that he had a five-page diary that otto frank had taken away before publication. Reggie said that otto frank gave these pages to 1980 before he died. Those pages recorded Anne's criticism of her parents' tense marriage and her mother's indifference to her. When Ricky tried to sell this five-page diary to raise money for his American fund, it caused quite a controversy. The official owner of the manuscript, the Dutch National Institute of War Literature, asked Reggie to hand over the manuscript. In 2000, the Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science agreed to donate $300,000 to the St. Regis Fund. 200 1, the manuscript was returned to them. Since then, the new edition of this diary has included five pages of manuscripts.