How long can the fuel of the sun burn? Will the earth burn out and die?

The sun, like all stars, glows and heats up through nuclear fusion.

The sun has existed for 5 billion years. According to Einstein's mass-energy formula E = MC 2, every "burning" 1 kg of hydrogen can release 6.4×10/4 joules of energy, which is equivalent to the energy generated by burning 19000 tons of coal. According to the current total radiation of the sun, more than 600 million tons of hydrogen is converted into helium every second. This sounds a lot, but it is actually only a small part of the mass of the sun. If the mass of the sun is an integer, it is about 2×10 33g, or 2×10 27g. The sun converts 6× 10 8 tons of hydrogen into helium every second, and "burns" less than 2×10/6 tons of fuel every year.

But don't worry about what impact it will have on the earth or us at all. At this consumption rate, only 2× 1026 tons of hydrogen will be used in1000 billion years, accounting for only 10% of the total mass of the sun. In the long period of 5 billion years, the sun consumed less than 5% of its mass. On the sun, hydrogen accounts for 70% of the total elements, helium accounts for 28%, and other elements only account for 2%. For a star, although the amount of hydrogen is reduced by 20%, the star will still show its "old state", and according to the current nuclear fusion reaction rate of the sun, the sun can "burn" stably for 3.32×10/7 seconds, which is about 10 10 years. It can also "burn" stably for more than 5 billion years.

When the sun burns for more than 4.5 billion years, the hydrogen on the sun will decrease and the sun will expand. In the process of expansion, the sun will first engulf Mercury, then Venus and the Earth, until it engulfs Mars, and the sun will expand to the end. But when the sun engulfs Mercury and rushes to Venus, the temperature of the earth will rise sharply and gradually evaporate all the water on the earth. All plants and animals will be destroyed by high temperature. As the sun approaches the earth, the temperature will rise to several hundred degrees to several thousand degrees. Everything that can melt will melt and everything that can evaporate will evaporate. But until the earth is swallowed up by the sun, the rest of the earth will still revolve around the center of the sun in the thin high-temperature gas in the outer layer of the sun. But we must believe that before the sun begins to expand, if human beings still exist, we will certainly find ways to deal with it, such as finding another earth and then immigrating.