Translation training of classical Chinese before class

1. There are two urgent articles, both of which are short. Choose for yourself!

The unscrupulous cats in the world

A bad mouse, a cat that damaged the house, asked for a good one. Tired of fishy paste and sleeping in blankets. The cat is full and safe, and doesn't eat mice. What's more, they play games with mice, and mice benefit from violence. When I was angry, I stopped raising cats, thinking that there is no such thing as a cat by hook or by crook.

There was a cat who hated mice very much and spared no expense to get a good cat. He fed it delicious fish and put it to sleep with soft felt. When cats are full and comfortable, they don't want to catch mice, and even play with them, which makes them more rampant. Men are very angry, so they stop keeping cats, thinking that there are no good cats in the world.

Moral: it is not advisable to spoil. Whether it is for people or animals, too rich environment and excessive doting will only kill his enterprising spirit, make him content with the status quo and lose his fighting spirit. The hero of the story did not expect that the laziness of the cat was actually caused by him.

Ling sat on a bench.

Those born in the north who don't know Ling are all officials in the south. Fill the seat with diamonds and block the entrance. Or: "Ling must shell." He said, "I don't know. Those who close the shell want to clear away heat. " The questioner said, "Is there this in the north?" ? "Answer:" There are mountains ahead and mountains behind! "Fu Ling was born in the water and called it a local product, so I don't know what I think I know.

There is a man in the north who was born without knowing the water chestnut. He is an official in the south. Once he ate water chestnut at a party, and he ate the shell together. Someone told him, "You must peel the water chestnut first." In order to cover up his shortcomings, the man said, "I am not ignorant." The reason why I eat shells together is to clear heat. " The person who asked said, "Is there such a thing in the north?" He replied, "Where is the front mountain and the back mountain?" Water chestnut was born in water, but northerners say it was born in soil, because he barely thinks what he doesn't know is what he knows.

Moral: knowing is knowing, not knowing is not knowing. People's knowledge is limited, and if you barely say what you don't know, you know it, which will only lead to ridicule from others. There is no end to learning.

2. Ask the translation of classical Chinese not to be too long. Don't ask a few words. Twenty pieces of Fang Lingxuan: "Reading the treasures of officials is far better than the Sui Dynasty."

Said: "the armor is well equipped and can't be missed. But Yang-ti's soldiers are not evil! Die on earth. This is our armor if you try your best to make people just and safe. "

Fang Lingxuan sang to Emperor Taizong: "I checked the armored weapons in the warehouse, far exceeding the Sui Dynasty." Tang Taizong said: "Weapons and equipment are indeed indispensable, but are Yang Di's weapons enough? Finally, he lost the world.

If you try your best to protect people's safety, this is my real weapon. "Chu (1) people have learned to sail, and its initial twists and turns (2) are slow, but the boatman is listening.

So between the small experimental islands, the direction is not satisfactory, and I thought I would try my best to operate the boat. Therefore, Xie Zhou's family is covered and the spine ③ enters the tympanic diameter, which is a great danger. He was afraid of falling and fell into the slurry.

Note ① Chu: the name of the ancient country. 20% off: turn around.

Spin: Turn around. ③ Vertebra: Knock with vertebra.

In ancient times, drums were used as trumpets when marching. (4) urgent: suddenly.

Conviction: chance encounter. ⑤: Same as "rudder".

There was a man who learned to sail in Chu State. At the beginning, he turned around and spun, fast and slow, completely obeying the master's words. So I tried my hand among the islands in the river, and I couldn't do anything well, so I thought I had learned all the skills of sailing.

I immediately bid farewell to the boatman and drummed (the ancients probably gave orders by drumming), and immediately I was in great danger. I looked around, terrified, and the rudder was out of control. However, isn't today's crisis the result of previous complacency? Lu is good at weaving (1) and his wife is good at weaving (2), but she wants to move to Vietnam.

Or: "I will be poor!" " Lu said, "Why?" Yue: "It's to do ③, and the more people do ④; It's also a crown. The more people send it. With children's strengths, they can swim in countries they don't need. Want to be infinite, can you get it? " (Excerpted from "Everything is done in the Forest") Note 1: Ma Xie.

(2) Silk: white silk, with which Zhou people made hats. 3 shoes: shoes, used as verbs here, refer to wearing shoes.

Four rudder: barefoot. There is a man in Lu who is good at knitting shoes with hemp and kudzu vine, and his wife is good at knitting silk. He wants to move to Vietnam.

Someone said to him, "You are destined to be poor." The Lu people said, "Why?" (answer) said: "the toilet is used to wear, but the more barefoot people walk;" It is used to make hats, but the more people wear hair.

With your professional knowledge, is it possible to go to a country that doesn't need (your products) and want to keep (yourself) rich? "Song He Zhongfu floating beam, with iron cow eight dimensions, a cow tens of thousands of jins. In the process of peacekeeping, the water rises to the top of the beam, and the cows are not in the river. Only those who can raise money can come out.

The real monk with soldiers and two small boats with solid soil grabbed the cow Wei Zhi, hooked the cow with big wood as a balance, removed the soil, and the boat floated the cow out. Transshipment made Zhang Dao smell it and gave him purple clothes.

Note: 1 pontoon: pontoon bridge. 2 d: tie, link.

3 Zhiping: the title of Zhao Shu, the British Emperor in the Northern Song Dynasty. True: But today Hebei is positive.

5 balance: scale, hammer, beam. In Song Dynasty, a pontoon bridge was built and eight Tieniu Town Bridges were cast.

During the reign of Zhiping, the river surged, washed away the pontoon bridge, and the iron ox sank to the bottom of the river. Officials are offering a reward to anyone who can make the iron cow surface.

A monk named Huai Bing suggested that the iron cow be fixed between two big ships full of mud and hooked with hook-shaped giant wood. At this time, the soil of the two ships will be gradually reduced, so that the weight of the hull will be reduced and the iron cow will be hooked out of the water. Zhang Dao (official name, in charge of military supplies and land and water transportation) gave the monk a purple cassock as a reward.

It is easy to be frugal, but difficult to be frugal. It's easy to go from thrift to luxury, but it's hard to go back from luxury to thrift. )

I think too hard about food and clothing to spend it easily. A meal of wine and meat can last for several days; One yarn and one silk can handle several coarse clothes.

Being neither greedy nor cold is enough, so why bother to eat well? There will always be a day of thinking, and if you don't always think about it, your descendants will always have food and clothing. It is easy to go from thrift to luxury, but it is difficult to go from luxury to thrift.

How can we enjoy today's (high) salary for a long time? How can I stay healthy for a long time? (If) one day (I was dismissed from office or died of illness, which is not the same as it is now), people in my family have been accustomed to a luxurious life for a long time and can't be frugal immediately, and (at that time) they will be hungry and cold (because of all their extravagance), then (whether) I am a (big) official or not, I am alive or dead, (the living standard at home is the same) "Alas, one! When I was in Gong Jing, it rained and snowed for three days. The public, dressed in fox white, sat on one side of the hall.

Yan Zi entered the meeting and set up a room. Gong said, "How strange! Rain and snow for three days, not cold.

"This said to him," isn't it cold? "Laugh. Yan Zi said: "Babies know ancient sages, people are hungry when they are full, people are cold when they are warm, and people work when they are idle.

You don't know today. "Gong said," good.

I've heard of life. "This is a fuss about hunger and cold.

Note: Rain and snow: It's snowing. Rain, falling, falling, used as a verb.

The steps of the palace. Hear fate: I heard resignation.

Smell and listen; Life is resigned to fate. When Gong Jing was in power, it snowed for three days without cleaning up.

Gong Jing, wearing a white fox fur coat, sat on the steps at one side of the lobby. Yan Zi went into the palace and stood for a while. Gong Jing said, "It's strange that it snowed for three days, but it's not so cold."

Yan Zi said, "Is it really not cold?" Gong Jing smiled. Yan Zi said, "Yan Ying, I heard that wise kings in ancient times knew that others were hungry when they were full, and they knew that others were frozen when they were warm, and they felt at ease, but they knew that others were hard.

Too bad you don't know now! "Gong Jing said," good! Then I was taught. "So I took out my fur coat and food and distributed them to those who were hungry and cold. 1. Amin Yanwu was very rich and went to Yi Shu.

His son Cangzhou is cool, good at painting and calligraphy, and has bought many famous pens. A friend's house has a roll of sleeves of the 18th Tang Dynasty in Song Palace. Every time he asks for them, he doesn't sell them at home unless it is 1000 yuan.

Wu's younger brother is rich and a brother, but all the money is accumulated, but scholars often look down upon it. One day, his younger brother, the painter, said, "Do eighteen bachelors need a thousand dollars?" The Lord said, "Of course."

So, several cities. The drunken brother and his vulgar self.

3. How to learn classical Chinese from basics How to learn classical Chinese from basics:

1, to get a classical Chinese, you must first solve the words. Only by solving the basic words can you read without obstacles, preferably by reciting, which can cultivate your sense of language.

2. Understand the basic situation of the author and works, that is, the writing background.

When explaining the text, the teacher must listen carefully, and after class, he can roughly translate the meaning of classical Chinese according to his notes. I don't agree with the reference materials, but only roughly translate and master the key words. When translating, thinking about what the ancients said can make a conscious guess and cultivate a sense of language.

4. After learning a classical Chinese, we must deal with the exercises after class in time and check the mastery. Basic training books with Chinese textbooks must be carefully done. If not, you can ask teachers, classmates or reference materials.

5. Precautions: You should read more, recite more and practice more, accumulate the usage of basic words and sentences, and stick to it. You will find it interesting to learn classical Chinese.

4. What are the answers to the classical Chinese exercises after senior one? 1. Read the following passage in classical Chinese and complete questions 1 to 3 (12). My husband (Ouyang Xiu) is four years old, lonely, poor and without assets.

Mrs. Dai painted the land with grass (a kind of reed-like herb) and taught calligraphy. Recite many ancient chapters.

Turn learning into poetry. And it's a little longer, and there are no books to read at home, so I borrowed them from the literati in the neighborhood or copied them.

I can recite his book before I finish copying it, so that I forget to eat and sleep day and night. Only reading is my business. Poetry and prose written since childhood, to adulthood.

1, choose one of the following words that are not correctly explained: (a) The most fundamental reason why Ouyang Gong wrote poems when he was a child, but when he was an adult: (a) (1) recited many ancient Chinese chapters.

(2) Only reading is a service. Answer: 1, C2, D3, read more ancient Chinese just for reading. 2. Read the following passage in classical Chinese and complete questions 4 to 7.

When Wu Wei saw the Xiongnu envoys, he would be rude, but not far from the country, so Cui took the place and the emperor seized the knife and made a bed. After that, the spy asked, "Where's Wang Wei?" The Xiongnu messenger replied: "Wang Wei is very elegant; However, grasping a knife by the bed is a hero.

"After that, Wei Wu heard about it." Shi Shuo Xin Yu? Rong Zhi 4. Briefly analyze what kind of person Wang Wei is.

"Grasping the knife" has become a fixed word since it was handed down. Don't look up the dictionary, imitate the serious writing and explain "catching a knife".

() [Pondering] It is said that Jia Dao, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, rode a donkey to write a poem and got two sentences: "A bird stands in a tree by the pool, and a monk knocks at the door on the moon". The word "knock" in the second sentence wants to use the word "push" again. I hesitated to push and knock with my hand, and accidentally met Han Yu, explaining the reason to Han Yu.

Han Yu thought for a moment and said "knock" is a good word (see "Tiaoxi Fishermen's Conghua" Volume 19 "Gong Liu Jiahua"). Later generations used the metaphor of "deliberation" to consider words and phrases and ponder over them repeatedly.

Exodus: Deliberating words and phrases repeatedly. 6. Is it appropriate to use this idiom to describe Wang Wei in this article? Why? 7. Portrait Wang Wei from the perspective of Huns.

I saw the man who grabbed the knife by the bed, and the answer was: 4. He was cunning and afraid of making a fool of himself, so he found someone to pretend to be his messenger: he was suspicious and sent spies to inquire about the news after the job was done; He was cruel and afraid that the Huns would treat him badly, so he sent someone to kill him. 5. Cao Cao asked Cui Yan to meet the Xiongnu envoy instead of himself, but he stood by the bed with a knife.

After the interview, he asked the Xiongnu emissary, "Where is Wang Wei?" Answer: "Wang Wei is very ambitious, but grasping a knife by the bed is a hero." (See Shi Shuo Xin Yu? Rong Zhi) was later called "exploit" (doing things for others) to catch a knife.

6. inappropriate. Because the Xiongnu messenger saw "this is a hero" from his appearance; And "all that glitters is not gold" is often used when you can't see it on the outside, but you are actually very capable.

7. It is a masterpiece to be able to write vivid eyes and momentum. 3. Read the essay "Honest People Buy Shoes" in classical Chinese and complete 8- 1 1.

Zheng people want to buy shoes, first measure their feet and let them sit down. Go to town and forget to fuck it.

After finishing the task, he said, "I forgot to insist." Instead, it is.

The anti-urban strike cannot be realized. People will say, "Why not give it a try?" Yue: "I would rather be reliable than confident.

"8. Add some words and explain. (1) Measure yourself first () (2) My forgetfulness () (3) Ning reliability () () 9. Translate the following sentences.

Zheng people want to buy shoes, first measure their feet and let them sit down. 10, What does Honest People Buy Shoes tell us? 1 1. Query: the word "zhi" appears 5 times. Do they mean the same thing? Choose three sentences at will and say the meaning or function of the word "zhi".

Instead of sitting in the city () and forgetting to exercise (), why not go to ()? () Answer: 8. (1)dúo quantity (length) (2) 2)dù size \ size (3)dù size \ size 9. 10. This fable satirizes those who are too rigid, only believe in dogma and form, and don't believe in reality, telling people not to be too formal and pay attention to reality.

1 1. Instead of sitting in the city (right, right) and forgetting exercise (foot code), why not try it with your feet (shoes)? 4. Read the following paragraph and answer the question 12- 14. There are two monks in Shu, one is poor and the other is rich.

The poor man said to the rich man, "What do I want in the South China Sea?" The rich man said, "Why should I go?" He said, "One bottle and one bowl is enough for me." The rich man said, "I have always wanted to buy a boat for many years, but I have never been able to buy it."

Why do children rely on it? "Next year, the poor will come back from the South China Sea to tell the rich. The rich are ashamed.

I don't know how many miles it takes to go to the South China Sea in Xishu, but rich monks can't go and poor monks can't go. People's aspirations are not as good as humble monks. Therefore, cleverness and sensitivity can be relied on, but they cannot be relied on; It is self-defeating to rely on its cleverness and sensitivity without learning.

Confusion and mediocrity can be limited but not limited; Those who are restless in lethargy and mediocrity and tireless in machinery will also stand on their own feet. 12, explain the words added in the paragraph.

① There are two monks in Shu: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ② The South China Sea I want: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _14 The author cited the examples of "the poor" and "the rich" respectively and adopted them.

Answer: 12. 1 border. ② Arrive.

3 On the contrary. 4 so.

13. How did you get there? 14. Contrast and resolve. Read the following paragraph in classical Chinese and complete questions 15 to 16.

Guan Ning, Huaxin * * * Garden hoe vegetables, see a piece of gold, pipe hoe tile stone; China grabbed it and threw it away. I also tasted the taste of reading at the same table. Those who pass by the entrance would rather read books and waste books as before.

I'd rather find a seat alone and say, "I'm not my friend." 15, add some words (8 points) ① China captures () and throws away () ② wastes () books and observations () 16, and translate the following sentences.

I'd rather find a seat alone and say, "I'm not my friend." _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Answer: 15.

5. The intensive training of classical Chinese reading in college entrance examination translates classical Chinese translation methods: Classical Chinese translation is a comprehensive exercise, which can not only examine the application of basic knowledge of classical Chinese, but also improve students' reading ability and written expression ability.

Classical Chinese translation requires that every word should be implemented, with literal translation as the main and free translation as the supplement. Try to keep the language style of the original text.

For the steps of classical Chinese translation, we should first read the full text, grasp the main idea of the article, and be aware of it, so as not to be in a hurry to translate it as soon as we start. When you encounter difficult words in translation, you can put them down temporarily and weigh them after you finish translating the context.

After the full text is translated, read it through again and check the changes to prevent mistranslation, omission and mistranslation of songs. The basic methods of classical Chinese translation: literal translation and free translation.

The specific methods of classical Chinese translation: leaving, deleting, supplementing, modifying, adjusting and modifying the requirements of classical Chinese translation. Translation of classical Chinese should be "faithful, expressive and elegant". "Faithfulness" means that the translation should be accurate, that is, the translation should be faithful to the original, and the original should be translated truly and properly by using modern Chinese.

"Da" means that the translation should be fluent, that is, it should conform to the grammar and usage of modern Chinese, and the words and sentences should be fluent without language defects. "Elegance" means that the translation should be beautiful and natural, that is, it should be vivid and vivid, and it should perfectly express the writing style of the original text.

Principles of Classical Chinese Translation In the process of classical Chinese translation, we must follow the principle of "every word has its place, combining literal translation with free translation, and giving priority to literal translation". This requires us to translate every word in a sentence in a specific way. As long as it has a certain real meaning, we must implement it word by word and occupy the corresponding seat.

When translating, we should directly change the classical Chinese into the corresponding modern Chinese according to the meaning and word order of the original text, so that words are inseparable from words and sentences. If the meaning is not smooth after literal translation, free translation should be used as an auxiliary means to make the meaning of the sentence as perfect as possible.

Classical Chinese translation is a comprehensive exercise, which can not only examine the application of basic knowledge of classical Chinese, but also improve students' reading ability and written expression ability. Classical Chinese translation requires that every word should be implemented, with literal translation as the main and free translation as the supplement.

Try to keep the language style of the original text. For the steps of classical Chinese translation, we should first read the full text, grasp the main idea of the article, and be aware of it, so as not to be in a hurry to translate it as soon as we start.

When you encounter difficult words in translation, you can put them down temporarily and weigh them after you finish translating the context. After the full text is translated, read it through again and check the changes to prevent mistranslation, omission and mistranslation of songs.

The basic methods of classical Chinese translation: literal translation and free translation. There are two basic methods of classical Chinese translation: literal translation and free translation.

The so-called literal translation refers to the word-for-word translation of the original text with modern Chinese words, so that the content words and function words are as opposed as possible. The advantage of literal translation is the implementation of every word; Its disadvantage is that sometimes the translated sentences are difficult to understand and the language is not fluent enough.

The so-called free translation means translating according to the meaning of the sentence, conforming to the original intention as much as possible, and taking care of the original intention as much as possible. Free translation has certain flexibility, which can add or subtract words, change the position of words and change sentence patterns.

The advantage of free translation is that the text is coherent, and the translation conforms to the expression habits of modern languages and is fluent, fluent and easy to understand. Its disadvantage is that sometimes the original text cannot be realized word by word.

These two translation methods should be mainly literal translation, supplemented by free translation. Second, the specific methods of classical Chinese translation: leaving, deleting, supplementing, changing, adjusting and changing.

"Stay" means to keep. Words with the same meaning in ancient and modern times, as well as ancient names of people, places and things, can remain unchanged when translated.

"Delete" means delete. Delete function words that do not need to be translated in classical Chinese.

For example, "Pei Gong joined Fan Kuai"-Pei Gong's bodyguard Fan Kuai. "This is also" is an auxiliary word at the end, which is not translated.

"Supplement" means supplement. (1) Turn monosyllabic words into disyllabic words; (2) make up the omitted elements in the ellipsis sentence; (3) Fill in the omitted sentences.

Note: Fill in the omitted components or sentences with brackets. "Change" means replacement.

Replace ancient words with modern words. For example, replace "I, Yu, Yu" with "I" and "II, Ru" with "You".

"Adjustment" means adjustment. Adjust ancient Chinese inverted sentences to modern Chinese sentence patterns.

When translating subject-predicate inversion sentences, prepositional object sentences, prepositional object postposition sentences and attributive postposition sentences, the word order should generally be adjusted to conform to modern Chinese expression habits. "Change" means flexibility.

On the basis of being faithful to the original text, relevant words are vivid. If "the waves are calm", it can be vividly described as "the lake is calm".

Classical Chinese Translation Quartet In recent two years, the examination of classical Chinese translation in college entrance examination has changed from choosing right or wrong to translation. This increases the difficulty of answering questions, and the problems are all in the classroom, as if there is no trace to be found and there is no way to start.

In fact, we can still pay attention to a little skill and play a wonderful classical Chinese translation quartet from the following four aspects: 1. Attention should be paid to supplementing omitted sentence elements in translation. Ellipsis exists in classical Chinese, such as omitting the subject, omitting the predicate verb, omitting the preposition and omitting the object.

When doing translation questions, we must pay attention to completing the sentence components omitted from the original text first, otherwise the translation will be ambiguous and unreasonable. 2. Translation should pay attention to adjusting word order.

Variant sentences often appear in classical Chinese, including subject-predicate postposition, attributive postposition, preposition postposition and preposition object. Only by adjusting the word order in translation can translation be easy, otherwise translation will be easily disrupted, giving people the feeling that "two monks are at a loss."

3. Pay attention to flexible use in translation. Some notional words in classical Chinese can temporarily change their parts of speech and usage in a certain language environment, which is flexible use.

It mainly includes the causative usage of verbs, adjectives and nouns, the conative usage of adjectives and nouns, and nouns as verbs and nouns as adverbials. When translating, we should grasp the temporary meaning of words.

4. Translation should focus on keywords, context and breakthrough. In classical Chinese reading, some sentences often affect the understanding of the whole sentence because of individual words.

This word is the key word. For it, we should contact the context to understand and comprehend it.

To sum up, it is not difficult to translate classical Chinese correctly as long as you work hard at ordinary times, pay attention to the above four points, master it flexibly. Mastering the Key Points and Skills of Grading Classical Chinese Translation In 2005, the outline of Chinese examination included "sentence patterns and usages different from modern Chinese" in the scope of college entrance examination. The examination of this knowledge point is probably reflected in the translation problem, so how.