(1) Current status of gold mine resources

1) As of 1997, there were 1,304 surface gold deposits in my country, an increase of 655 compared with 1990, of which 72 were newly explored. In 1990, there were 649 mineral deposits listed on the list, and 583 mineral deposits that had been reported but not listed, totaling ***1,232. This shows that my country's gold mine exploration work made important progress during the "Eighth Five-Year Plan" period, but the speed slowed down during the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" period. The changes in my country’s gold reserves in the 1990s are detailed in Table 8-1. It can be seen from the table that the retained reserves of gold mines in 1997 increased by 1018.55t compared with 1991, which was 31.36% of the retained reserves in 1991. This shows that my country's gold geological undertakings have made great progress in the past seven years. In particular, the retained reserves in 1994 increased compared with the previous year. The annual increase is 18.60%, which is the peak of gold industry development in recent years. According to statistics at the end of 1990, a total of 7,148 gold deposits (sites) have been discovered in my country, including 3,784 rock gold deposits (sites), 3,026 placer gold deposits (sites), and associated (***) gold deposits ( points), 1,232 proven gold deposits, and cumulative proven reserves of 4,840.82 t. By 1994, my country's cumulative proven gold reserves had reached 5,415 tons, an increase of 11.86% compared with 1990. Since the central and western regions of my country and the newly developed new types of mineral deposits have not yet been explored in detail, most of them are geological reserves and scientific research reserves. This part of the reserves has not yet been included in the balance sheet. In addition, some units have failed to fill in the reserves balance sheet in time. It is still difficult to know. Exact reserve data, according to the author's incomplete statistics on my country's gold mines, the cumulative proven reserves of my country's gold mines can reach more than 6,000 t. The proven reserves of gold mines in my country are inferior to those of South Africa, the United States, Australia, Canada, Russia, Uzbekistan, Brazil, and Indonesia, ranking eighth in the world.

Table 8-1 Changes in China’s gold reserves in the 1990s Unit: t

2) According to statistics in 1997, the provinces with more than 100 tons of gold in my country are: Shandong (611.07), Jiangxi (548.05), Heilongjiang (309.02), Henan (247.01), Sichuan (246.20), Hubei (236.97), Shaanxi (242.99), Hebei (169.87), Jilin (166.41), Yunnan (149.30), Guizhou (149.24), Inner Mongolia (148.55), Anhui (138.92), Hunan (135.46). It can be seen from this that my country is still dominated by greenstone belt-type gold deposits (Shandong, Henan, Hebei, and Jilin), and there is a clear trend of the rise of fine disseminated gold deposits, associated gold deposits, and new types of gold deposits in my country. , so the research and industrial utilization of new types developed in recent years are urgent issues that need to be solved.

3) The distribution of my country's gold resources is unbalanced in terms of region and mineralization era. Regionally, my country's gold mines are mainly concentrated in the east, and the east accounts for more than 90% of proven reserves. In particular, gold deposits are mostly distributed in groups on the margins of ancient continents, controlled by deep faults and ductile shear zones. However, fewer deposits have been discovered in orogenic areas distributed over large areas, accounting for only 20% of gold reserves (Chen Jiming, 1992 ).

4) In my country, greenstone belt-type gold deposits dominate, followed by gold deposits related to magmatism that are produced in intrusions and in internal and external contact zones. A number of fine disseminated gold deposits have been discovered in the Guizhou-Guangxi-Yunnan Golden Triangle, northwest Sichuan, central and western Qinling Mountains, central Hunan, southwest Hubei, and northwest Jiangxi, opening up new prospecting types and prospects for gold mines in my country. The Hercynian volcanic rock-type gold deposits in the Tianshan, Qilian-Qinling Caledonian-Hercynian orogenic belts and some areas of the newly opened uplift in central and western my country have shown certain prospecting potential, and metaclastic gold deposits Many large and medium-sized mineral deposits have been discovered, such as in southern Liaoning and western Guangdong-Hainan areas. Such gold deposits still have certain prospecting potential in my country. Placer gold mines have special advantages in the development of my country's gold industry because of their unique advantages of being easy to explore and mine. However, the exploration and mining of placer gold has slowed down in recent years. Many theories and resource recycling issues of placer gold mines need to be further studied. A draft Reasonable alluvial gold management regulations to avoid resource waste are top priorities.

5) There are few large-scale gold mines in my country, and most of them are medium and small ones. According to the author’s statistics on 619 mineral deposits larger than 0.5 t (Table 8-2), my country’s medium and small gold mines account for 10% of the country’s gold mines. 90.63% of the total, while its reserves account for only 47.91%. This feature of gold mines will inevitably increase the exploration costs of gold mines and reduce the output/input ratio. This should be considered in the decision-making process for approving gold mining rights.

Table 8-2 Statistical table of the scale of gold mines in my country

6) The grade of gold mines is mostly medium, the grade of rock gold deposits is 6.56g/t for large and medium-sized deposits, and 8.04g for small ones. /t, the average is 7.19g/t, the grade of large and medium placer gold deposits is 0.33g/m3, and the grade of small placer gold deposits is 0.499g/m3, the average is 0.39g/m3. Large gold deposits are mostly medium and low grade, and the grade of small deposits is relatively high. , but the changes are large.

7) The degree of geological exploration of gold mines in my country is relatively low. As of 1997, A+B+C reserves only accounted for 30% of the total reserves. Judging from the geological reports submitted nationwide, the vast majority are censuses. and detailed investigation reports, especially in the central and western regions of my country, most of the newly discovered mineral deposits in recent years are census or even scientific research reserves. All mineral deposits that only have geological reserves or scientific research reserves have not been registered in this work.

8) The depth of gold mine exploration in my country is shallow, generally less than 600m, while foreign gold mine exploration has reached 2000~4000m, or even below 4000m. In recent years, some areas in my country (such as Jiaodong) have discovered deep New mineralization clues, therefore, establishing a three-dimensional geological prospecting model in qualified mining areas and using new geological prospecting methods and theories are expected to reopen new prospecting prospects in old areas (Lv Guxian, Lin Wenwei et al., 1999).

9) my country’s finely disseminated gold deposits are rich in sulfur, carbon, and arsenic, low in grade, and have fine particle size. Most of these deposits are listed as temporarily difficult-to-use reserves. Such as Mashan, Tongling, Anhui, Northeast Zhai, Mulierze, Zhenfeng, Guizhou, Ceheng Yata, and Miaolong, Sandu. Therefore, research on the beneficiation and smelting technology and ore industrial utilization of such deposits should be strengthened. In addition, some placer gold The mineral deposit is also among the reserves that cannot be utilized temporarily, about 80t.

10) my country’s associated gold mines account for a large proportion, especially the larger gold deposits that are associated gold mines. According to 1997 data, associated gold mines account for 27.9% of my country’s gold reserves. , the mining of associated gold mines has been on a downward trend in recent years, but it is possible to detect independent gold mines or independent gold mines in associated gold mines. This feature is especially useful for the exploration of gold resources in the triangle area of ??Hubei, Anhui and Jiangxi. Meaning, my country's associated gold production is about 10t per year.

11) The occupancy rate of gold mine resources is high, but the utilization rate is low. At present, most of the proven gold mines have been occupied. Many small and medium-sized mines are owned by local or township enterprises, resulting in serious waste of resources. .