Financial investment in agriculture, rural areas and farmers

Since the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the central finance has been guided by the Scientific Outlook on Development, conscientiously implemented the decisions and arrangements of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, actively adjusted the expenditure structure, and continuously increased investment to win the "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" made important contributions to the golden period of development. From 2003 to 2012, the central government’s total investment in “agriculture, rural areas and farmers” exceeded 6 trillion yuan (2012 data are budget figures at the beginning of the year, the same below). In terms of total amount, the central government's investment in "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" has increased from 214.4 billion yuan to 1,228.66 billion yuan, more than quadrupling; in terms of speed, the central government's investment in "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" has grown at an average annual rate of 21%, which is higher than fiscal expenditure in the same period. The average annual growth rate is 4.5 percentage points; in terms of proportion, the proportion of the central government's "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" investment in fiscal expenditures increased from 13.7% to 19.2%, reaching nearly one-fifth. Behind the order-of-magnitude jump from hundreds of billions to trillions is the gradual formation and improvement of a mechanism to ensure the stable growth of the central government's "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" investment.

Steadyly increasing the scale of agriculture-related subsidies

Since 100 million yuan was allocated to establish subsidies for improved seeds in 2002, the types of agriculture-related subsidies from the central government have continued to increase, the scope has gradually expanded, and standards have been increasingly improved. In 2012, a relatively complete subsidy policy system including four direct subsidies, afforestation subsidies, and subsidies for home appliances going to the countryside has been formed. The scale of subsidies reached more than 200 billion yuan, which has greatly changed the direct interest distribution relationship between the state and farmers.

First, implement four direct subsidies. Subsidies for improved crop varieties have been expanded from the initial one soybean variety to 10 varieties including rice, corn, and wheat, basically achieving full coverage in major producing areas. The single-machine subsidy limit for agricultural machinery purchase subsidies has been significantly increased many times, and the types have been expanded to 180 items in 12 major categories, 46 sub-categories, and total subsidies for approximately 5.64 million units (sets) of various agricultural machinery and tools, benefiting approximately 4.39 million farmers. The direct grain subsidy policy was implemented, and for the first time a direct subsidy channel was established for hundreds of millions of farmers from the state. We will continue to improve the dynamic adjustment mechanism for comprehensive subsidies for agricultural inputs to effectively make up for the increased cost of growing grain caused by rising prices of agricultural inputs.

The second is to implement agricultural and forestry ecological protection and livestock breeding subsidies. Establish and improve the subsidy and reward mechanism for grassland ecological protection, and gradually cover the pastoral and semi-pastoral counties (cities, banners) determined by the state. Explore and implement afforestation subsidy policies that are in line with national conditions, and expand the scope of subsidies to all provinces across the country. Subsidy policies for improved breeds of pigs, dairy cows, beef cattle, sheep, etc. have been successively introduced, directly benefiting more than 3 million farmers across the country.

The third is to establish an agricultural insurance premium subsidy system. The central government's agricultural insurance premium subsidy has increased to 15 types of insurance, including corn, rice, and wheat, and the average proportion of financial premium subsidies at all levels has reached about 80%. It has driven agricultural insurance to achieve a cumulative premium of about 60 billion yuan, providing 580 million insured farmers with Risk protection is 1.78 trillion yuan.

The fourth is to implement late-stage support policies for the resettlement of large and medium-sized reservoirs. Starting from July 1, 2006, approved rural immigrants from large and medium-sized reservoirs will be supported for 20 years at a standard of 600 yuan per person per year. By the end of 2011, a total of 23.94 million immigrants had been included in the later-stage support policies for large and medium-sized reservoirs nationwide.

The fifth is to implement consumption subsidies. In the form of direct subsidy, farmers are provided with a 13% sales price subsidy for purchasing home appliances. A total of more than 250 million home appliance products have been sold to the countryside, achieving sales of more than 600 billion yuan.

Focus on increasing investment in modern agriculture

In order to improve comprehensive agricultural production capacity and promote the development of modern agriculture, the central government has continuously increased investment, improved policies and measures, and focused on strengthening agricultural infrastructure. "Hardware", improving the level of agricultural science and technology and "software", improving the agricultural and forestry ecological "environment" have played a positive role in exploring the path of agricultural modernization with Chinese characteristics. In the past ten years, the central government's investment in this area has maintained a rapid growth trend.

First, strengthen agricultural infrastructure construction. We vigorously support the construction of small-scale farmland water conservancy in rural areas, and have successively implemented the construction of 1,250 key small-scale farmer water conservancy counties in three batches, basically covering major agricultural counties and major grain-producing counties. We initiated the treatment of 2,209 important sections of small and medium-sized rivers, with a total length of 12,500 kilometers of rivers managed. Arrangements have been made for 52,700 small dangerous reservoirs to complete risk elimination and reinforcement tasks, accounting for more than half of the existing small reservoirs. Support the development of cultivated land and land consolidation, remediation and reclamation, accelerate the transformation of water-saving supporting facilities in medium-sized irrigation areas, carry out the transformation of medium and low-yield fields and the construction of high-standard farmland, strengthen the construction of key commodity grain, cotton and oil bases, and promote the development of leading agricultural industries with advantageous characteristics such as grain.

The second is to promote the progress of agricultural science and technology. Actively support scientific research in the agricultural field, promote the transformation of agricultural scientific and technological achievements, accelerate the promotion of agricultural technology, implement soil testing and formulated fertilization, promote the creation of high-yield demonstrations of grain, cotton and oil, start the construction of a modern agricultural industry technology system, carry out rural labor transfer training, and implement science popularization to benefit farmers. The Village Development Plan has initially established a financial agricultural science and technology investment system that conforms to the laws of agricultural scientific research activities, the characteristics of agricultural science and technology work, and the requirements of fiscal budget management.

The third is to mobilize the enthusiasm of major counties that produce major agricultural and sideline products. Introduce incentive policies for major grain-producing counties, and gradually and innovatively introduce incentive policies for major oil-producing counties, super-large grain-producing counties, and super-large grain-producing provinces to effectively alleviate the financial difficulties of major grain-producing (oil) counties. A reward fund for major pig transfer counties has been set up, and a total of 1,799 major pig transfer counties have been supported.

The fourth is to vigorously support the protection and construction of agricultural and forestry ecology.

Natural forest resource protection projects were implemented in phases, reducing forest resource consumption by a total of 1.039 billion cubic meters. Comprehensively launch the project of returning farmland to forest. The forest ecological benefits compensation fund was formally established, ending the history of free use of forest ecological benefits. Strictly regulate the collection and use management of forestry funds and forest vegetation restoration fees to promote the sustainable development of forestry. We supported the implementation of national key soil and water conservation construction projects and completed the management of an area of ??76,300 square kilometers.

The fifth is to support agricultural disaster resistance, reduction and relief. Measures such as drought-resistant watering in major grain-producing areas and "one spray and three defenses" for winter wheat have been successively introduced to support flood prevention and drought relief, emergency flood relief and repair of flood-damaged water conservancy facilities, carry out major crop pest and disease prevention, grassroots animal epidemic prevention, and promote direct meteorological services " "Agriculture, Rural Areas and Rural Areas", implemented the construction of county-level non-engineering measures for the prevention and control of flash floods across the country, implemented the compensation policy for the use of flood storage and detention areas, and repeatedly improved the living aid standards for natural disasters.

Significantly increase expenditures on the development of rural social undertakings

Comprehensively implement the strategic policy of "coordinating urban and rural economic and social development" of the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. In the past ten years, the central government has adopted large-scale and unconventional measures. Investments in rural areas, such as education, culture, and medical care, have gradually been included in the scope of public fiscal expenditures, and a rural social security network with Chinese characteristics has been built. By 2012, the central government’s rural social development expenditures accounted for nearly half of the “agriculture, rural areas and farmers” expenditures.

First, give priority to promoting the balanced development of rural education. Starting from the spring semester of 2006, rural compulsory education will gradually be fully included in the scope of public financial guarantees, and a funding guarantee mechanism for rural compulsory education will be established for central and local projects and proportional sharing. All approximately 130 million students across the country enjoy the policy of free tuition and miscellaneous fees and free textbooks, and approximately 12.28 million boarding students from financially disadvantaged families in the central and western regions receive subsidies. We have successively launched and implemented plans for special positions for teachers in rural compulsory education schools and plans for the renovation of weak schools in rural compulsory education to support the improvement of rural education conditions.

The second is to promote the development of rural medical and health services. Within five years of the pilot, the new rural cooperative medical system will be fully covered, and financial subsidies at all levels to participating farmers will be increased from 20 yuan/person·year in 2003 to 240 yuan/person·year in 2012. By the end of 2011, the number of participants reached 832 million, the reimbursement rate for hospitalization expenses within the scope of the policy reached about 70%, and outpatient coordination was generally promoted. After the establishment of the rural medical assistance system, the medical expense burden of needy farmers has been further reduced.

The third is to promote the establishment of a rural social security system. After three years of piloting, the new rural social pension insurance has been launched nationwide at the same time as the social pension insurance for urban residents, with full coverage. More than 100 million urban and rural elderly people receive basic pensions issued by the state on a monthly basis. Establish a rural minimum living security system and continuously increase the average standard of rural subsistence allowances and the per capita monthly subsidy level across the country.

The fourth is to vigorously promote the development of rural cultural and family planning undertakings. Support the implementation of key cultural projects that benefit the people, such as the national sharing of cultural information resources, radio and television "access to every village", rural film screenings, farmhouses, and farmers' sports and fitness, and promote public cultural facilities such as museums, memorial halls, and art galleries. It is free and open to meet the spiritual and cultural needs of the broad masses of farmers. Support the implementation of the national family planning family reward and support system for some rural families, and improve the family planning benefit-oriented policy system.

The fifth is to coordinate the promotion of rural poverty alleviation development and infrastructure improvement. Actively improve the comprehensive fiscal poverty alleviation policy system, increase general transfer payments to poor areas, guide special transfer payments to tilt towards poor areas and poor people, and maintain steady growth of special fiscal poverty alleviation funds. The pilot program for the renovation of dilapidated rural buildings has been extended to all counties in the central and western regions and some land border counties in the eastern region. More than two-thirds of the provinces have carried out demonstration work on contiguous improvement of the rural environment. We have supported the nationwide reconstruction of 2.72 million kilometers of rural roads, and have increased the benefits to rural areas year by year. The proportion of rural and rich peasant projects in central infrastructure investment.

Be brave enough to bear the necessary costs of reform

In order to increase the vitality of the development of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" and promote the smooth progress of institutional reform, the central government has actively arranged relevant expenditures and has the courage to undertake the abolition of the agricultural tax system and deepen the The necessary costs brought about by comprehensive rural reforms have established institutional mechanisms to promote the scientific development of agriculture and rural areas. The first is to deepen rural tax and fee reform. We will comprehensively roll out rural tax and fee reforms across the country, further deepen tax and fee reforms on state-owned farms, and promote comprehensive reforms to reduce the burden on farmers in the Great Lakes region. Starting from 2006, agricultural taxes were completely abolished three years in advance, ending the "imperial grain national tax" that had a history of 2,600 years. The second is to promote the reform of county and township institutions. By the end of 2011, 33,631 towns across the country had completed or were in the process of institutional reform, accounting for 98% of the total, and had initially established a capable and efficient township administrative system that is consistent with rural realities and the characteristics of township work. The third is to establish a one-for-one financial reward and subsidy mechanism. On the premise of farmers' democratic deliberations and on the basis of farmers' voluntary financing and labor, through private subsidies, appropriate rewards and subsidies will be given to village-level public welfare construction projects that meet regulations. A total of 985,000 one-case-one-discussed financial reward and subsidy projects have been completed , benefiting hundreds of millions of farmers. The fourth is to support rural financial reform. Implement policies such as incremental incentives for rural-related loans to county-level financial institutions, targeted fee subsidies for rural financial institutions, and value-preserving savings subsidies for rural credit cooperatives to guide more credit funds and social funds to invest in rural areas and promote the reform and development of agricultural-related financial institutions. The fifth is to support the reform of agricultural-related systems.

Support the comprehensive rollout of the reform of the collective forest rights system, expand household contract management from cultivated land to forest land, and enrich and improve the basic rural management system. In addition, it also actively supports the reform of the agricultural science and technology promotion system and the management system of agriculture, forestry, water and gas undertakings, and promotes the establishment of systems and mechanisms to promote the scientific development of agriculture, forestry, water and gas undertakings.

While continuously increasing direct investment, the central government also comprehensively uses tax incentives, loan discounts and other fiscal and tax levers to actively develop both international and domestic markets and resources, and vigorously guide and encourage enterprises and civil society , financial institutions and farmers have increased their investment, made full use of loans from international financial institutions and foreign governments, and initially formed a diversified investment pattern to support the development of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers".

From one hundred billion to one trillion, it is the starting point rather than the end point, the beginning rather than the end, and the departure rather than the arrival. Under the correct leadership of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, the central government will actively implement the policy of strengthening agriculture, benefiting farmers, and enriching farmers, continue to increase investment, and continue to write new glories in the development of "agriculture, rural areas, and farmers" along the path of scientific development.