Formation characteristics of Changde dialect

The formation of Changde dialect is closely related to large-scale immigration in history. According to historical records, since the Qin and Han Dynasties, northern residents have been moving south. The loss of Yongjia at the end of the Western Jin Dynasty caused the first large-scale southward migration of the northern population. A large number of people went south along the Hanshui River Basin and crossed the river to reach the Dongting River Basin. This great migration continued until the Southern and Northern Dynasties. The Anshi Rebellion in the Tang Dynasty once made the people of Xiang Deng (Xiangyang, Hubei, Nanyang, Henan), the nobles of Chang 'an and Luoyang in Beijing, all cast their hands in Jiang Township, so Jingnan Jingyi was ten times as original. "① The migration of northern residents is large in scale, large in number, and geographically concentrated, which makes their language not only difficult to be assimilated by the local indigenous language, but also has a great influence on the local indigenous language. This is the historical origin of the kinship between Changde dialect and northern dialect. In addition, from the Tang Dynasty to the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, Li Lang (now Changde) always belonged to the administrative region centered on Jingzhou (Jiangling Prefecture), which objectively promoted the exchange, integration and assimilation between Changde dialect and northern dialect. It can be said that Changde dialect has been infiltrated and washed by the northern dialect since ancient times and finally merged with it. Although a large number of Jiangxi residents moved to Changde since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, they did not have a big impact on Changde dialect because of their small scale and insufficient concentration of region and time, and were eventually assimilated by Changde dialect.

history

"History of Han Geography" records: "Wuling County, the emperor is high and the name is Jianping. It belongs to Jingzhou. (collar): Suo (now Wuling District, Dingcheng District and Hanshou County of Changde City, 60 miles northeast of the old city), Liling (now Hubei Gongan County and Hunan Nanxian County, Huarong County, Yueyang County, an xiang County and Lixian County), (now Wuling District of Changde City, most of Dingcheng District and Taoyuan County) and Yuanling (now Wuling County) are also called. According to Chang Lin's "The Story of Yiling", "Xiang Yu killed Yidi in Chen, cried in Zhaoqu Pavilion, and when he heard about it, he was called Yiling. "The county governs Yiling County (once said that it governs Suo County). According to the original note of "Records of the Later Han Dynasty Wuling County", "Qin Zhaowang's hometown is named Qianzhong County. Gaudi changed his name in five years (the first 202 years). " [Excerpted from Shui Yuan's Notes on Water Classics, recorded as "the second year of Emperor Gaozu (the first 205 years)].

According to records, the area under the jurisdiction of Changde was under the jurisdiction of Wuling County in the Han Dynasty, and Wuling County was under the jurisdiction of Jingzhou, Hubei Province in the Han Dynasty, so the origins of Changde dialect and Hubei dialect can be traced back to the Han Dynasty or even longer. This is why Changde dialect does not belong to Xiang dialect.

According to the tone value, we can know that the tone value of Changde dialect is 33 (Yangqu only)-this tone value is very prominent (except Wuling area), and it has been reduced to 2 1 in the adjacent Hunan dialect area. This is clear.

From this point of view, it is further proved that the dialects in Changde area are obviously influenced by the northern dialects.