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Historical chronology of Ryukyu Islands

Year and event

/kloc-In the 20th century, Nanshan, Zhongshan and Beishan appeared in Ryukyu Islands, which were located in the south, middle and north of Ryukyu Islands respectively.

1372, after Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming emperor, sent an imperial edict to Chadu, the king of Zhongshan in Ryukyu, the three kings of Beishan, Zhongshan and Nanshan in Ryukyu began to pay tribute to the Ming government. Since then, Ryukyu has become a vassal of China.

1392, Ming Taizu saw the difficulties of Ryukyu in navigation for the diplomatic envoys in China, and specially presented a gift to Fujian technicians who were good at shipbuilding and navigation. 36 families moved to Ryukyu. This was the key to promote Ryukyu's overseas trade. Fujian people's thirty-six surnames include "those who know books, give medical treatment for a long time, and think it is a tribute;" Sailors who learn to sail are always ready for guides. "It can be seen that they are not only good at boating, but also serve as translators and other tribute-related affairs. After they settled in Ryukyu, they became a group of outstanding personnel who helped Ryukyu and promoted the relationship between China and Ryukyu on behalf of China for a long time. Their descendants have thrived and done a lot of hard work for the people of Ryukyu.

14 16 Zhongshan wangshang eight branches conquered Beishan.

1429, Shang Ba, the king of Zhongshan, conquered Nanshan and formed a unified Ryukyu Kingdom (the first Shang Dynasty). Every generation of kings needs to be appointed by the central government. The central government does not interfere in the internal affairs of Ryukyu Kingdom, like Hong Kong and Macao now.

1470, the first Shang dynasty perished, and Shang Dan established the second Shang dynasty. The king is still awarded by the central government.

1400- 1550 in the golden age of Ryukyu kingdom, its commerce was highly developed, and it had trade with the mainland, Korea, Southeast Asia and Japan.

15-16th century, the ambition of Japanese wolves began to appear, and a large number of Japanese pirates harassed the coast of China (including Ryukyu Islands).

1609 (thirty-seven years of Wanli), Tokugawa Ieyasu inherited Toyotomi Hideyoshi's ambition of foreign expansion. He sent 3,000 troops to invade Ryukyu, led by Tsukuji of Kagoshima Satsuma Island, which is adjacent to the Ryukyu Kingdom, captured the king of Ryukyu and sent troops to supervise the internal affairs of Ryukyu for 45 years.

16 16 years (forty-four years of Wanli), acting official of Nagasaki (equivalent to the current mayor) Murayama and others were ordered by Tokugawa Ieyasu, and his son Murayama Qiuan led 13 ships to mobilize 2,000 or 3,000 people to invade Taiwan Province. This is the first time that a small Japanese country has used force against Taiwan Province on a large scale. However, his actions were discovered by Shang Ning, the king of Ryukyu, and Bicai, the general manager, was specially sent to report to the Ming Dynasty. "Shi Minglu" said: "As far away as Wang Zhongshan Shang Ning of Ryukyu Kingdom sent to Bicai, there are more than 500 warships built by Japanese pirates on various islands in your area. They want to take Jilong Mountain, fearing that it will spill over to China and endanger the Bohai Sea, so they have moved to consult the newspaper. " It can be seen that the king of Ryukyu Kingdom is still loyal to the central government. (Keelung Mountain refers to Keelung City, Taiwan Province Province).

1654, the Ryukyu king finally got rid of Samoan control, was grateful for China's kindness, and took the initiative to send envoys to China to request knighthood. At that time, the emperor shunzhi of Qing Dynasty named Ryukyu King as King of Quality and decided to pay tribute every two years.

1853 in may, the fleet of brigadier general Matthew C. Perry of the United States navy arrived in Ryukyu.

1854 In March, Perry signed the Kanagawa Treaty with Japan. Perry mistakenly thought that Ryukyu was Japanese territory, so he asked Japan to open five ports, including Ryukyu Naha. Japanese negotiators admitted to Perry that Ryukyu is a distant country, and the Japanese emperor and government have no right to decide its port opening rights.

1854,1/kloc-0 In July, Perry returned to Ryukyu to negotiate with the government of Ryukyu Kingdom, and finally formally signed a treaty in Chinese and English to open Naha Port.

1866 Wang Shangtai, the last Ryukyu country, succeeded to the throne.

1868 Meiji Restoration in Japan.

187 1 year 1 1 peony society event. A fishing boat from Ryukyu was hit by a hurricane and drifted to the Peony Society where Gaoshan people lived in the south of Taiwan Province Province. Some sailors were killed because of clashes with Gaoshan people in Taiwan Province province, and the rest were sent back to Ryukyu by the Qing government.

1872, the Japanese state publicly and unilaterally declared that the Ryukyu Kingdom belonged to the "Neizongfan" of the Japanese state, and the Ryukyu Islands were the territory of the Japanese state. From 1372, China's status as the suzerain of the Ryukyu Kingdom was destroyed and Ryukyu was officially occupied. And delay the negotiations with China on the Ryukyu issue.

1874, Japan used the "Peony Society Incident" as an excuse to absurdly declare that "killing Ryukyu people means killing Japanese" and sent troops to invade Taiwan Province Province.

1On July 24th, 875, Japan forced the Ryukyu King to stop paying tribute to the central government of the Qing Dynasty.

1On April 4th, 879, Japan forcibly exiled Wang Shangtai, the last Ryukyu country, to Tokyo. Change Ryukyu to Okinawa Prefecture. And began to implement a barbaric policy of assimilation, slavery and colonization.

1879, China and Japan began negotiations on the Ryukyu Islands. China proposes to divide the Ryukyu Islands into three parts: Anmei Island near Japan is Japanese territory; Ryukyu Island and its adjacent islands exist as an independent Ryukyu Kingdom. The Sendao Islands in the south are considered as the territory of China. The Japanese side proposes to divide Ryukyu into two parts: Ryukyu Island and its northern islands are Japanese territory, and the Sendao Islands in the south are China territory. (Diaoyutai is not in the negotiations, indicating that Diaoyutai is outside the Ryukyu Islands).

1In September, 880, China finally compromised and signed an unequal treaty, dividing Ryukyu in two according to the Japanese way. However, the Qing emperor refused to agree to this unequal treaty and instructed Chinese representatives to continue consultations with Japan. The Japanese side then left and the negotiations broke down.

1882, after Takezo Shinichiro (Japanese ghost name) went to Tianjin as consul, he resumed negotiations with the Qing government on the Ryukyu issue, but no agreement was reached. The Ryukyu issue dragged on until the Sino-Japanese War.

1894- 1895 During the Sino-Japanese War, China, as a defeated country, ceded Taiwan Province Province and Liaodong, and even less had a say in the Ryukyu Islands issue. Since then, the fact that Ryukyu Islands belong to the territory of China has been forgotten.

1998 Japan forced Ryukyu people to perform military service.

190 1 year, hirohito, the great devil of aggression against China, came to earth.

Wang Shangtai, the last Ryukyu kingdom, died in 190 1.

19 16 puppet all-Okinawa teachers' meeting asked teachers to punish students who speak Ryukyu language in school by extremely insulting means.

In the late World War II (1945), when the United States attacked Ryukyu Island, Japanese soldiers forced Ryukyu people to commit suicide by jumping off a cliff, or were simply killed to alleviate the pressure of food shortage in the cave, or were considered spies because they spoke Ryukyu. The war reduced the population of Ryukyu by a quarter.

1945- 1972 During the American occupation, the United States pursued a policy of alienation in Ryukyu.

1In April, 947, the United Nations "Mandate Agreement of Former Japan" handed over the Ryukyu Islands and Diaoyutai Islands belonging to China to the United States for "trusteeship".

1970, the United States and Japan signed the San Francisco Peace Treaty behind China's back, traded the territory of China, gave it to them privately, and transferred the "regime" of Ryukyu and Diaoyutai to Japan. However, this was opposed by the land owner Ryukyu people, who "gathered in the downtown area to cry".

1972may15-Up to now, Japan has resumed its colonial rule over the Ryukyu Islands and continued to implement the assimilation policy. Ryukyu Islands is still the most backward place in Japan, which shows that Japan still regards Ryukyu as a different kind.