Huaiyang immigrants in Huaiyang

During the Southern Song Dynasty, northerners moved south to Huaiyang, which was a large-scale population migration in the history of China.

In the Southern Song Dynasty, Huainan East Road governed Chu and Yang, five counties along the canal, Huaiyin, Yang Shan, Baoying, Gaoyou and Jiangdu, and one county along the coast. These six counties were greatly influenced by the war on Huainan East Road in the Southern Song Dynasty, and they are also the Huaiyang area of Jianghuai dialect today.

After the Jin people invaded the south, a large number of Central Plains immigrants moved to Jianghuai. After the fall of Taiyuan, the court thought Huai Si was uninhabitable, so it borrowed a boat from the boatman. The tide receded as soon as the ship passed the gate. Hongze Gate could not be opened until the tide rose, so many northern refugees gathered in front of it and were falsely accused as thieves by the rulers. These people from JD.COM Road (now a part of eastern Henan, eastern Shandong and northern Jiangsu) and Suzhou (now Suzhou, Anhui) obviously arrived at Hongze Lake along Bianhe and Surabaya. Volume one hundred and forty-three of Three Dynasties North Alliance records that Zhang Rong, a "water thief" in Liangshan Bay, Shandong Province, was under construction for three years and led his army south along Surabaya to Tanzhe Lake in Chuzhou, where he saved more than 10,000 people. In the second year, after resisting the unfavorable situation of 8 Jin Army, he moved to Yuetou Lake in Xinghua County to protect himself as a water village. In March of the following year, the water was shallow and the ship attacked by the lazy army of the rulers fell into a quagmire. Zhang Rong's army was defeated by Jin Jun, and the lazy army fled Chuzhou. The Southern Song Dynasty government appointed Zhang Rong as Taizhou Zhiming, and later changed its name to Desheng Lake.

At that time, many northern immigrants gathered in Chuzhou, "Shandong Loyalty, Yang Shan 100,000". Besides Bianhe and Surabaya, there were also immigrants who moved south by sea. During the war, many Chuzhou people fled to other places. Volume 9 of "Zhi Jia" records that Zhang, a rich man in Chuzhou, was separated by the chaos. He only lived with a servant in Sheyang Lake (now the junction of Huai 'an, Yangzhou and Yancheng) and was almost killed by a thief. Fortunately, he was rescued by his servants and returned to Chuzhou after Shao Xing's peace talks, accumulating millions of assets. He narrowly escaped, and many people had to be scattered elsewhere. The seventh volume of "Qingbo" magazine said: "Yangzhou Nanchong, there are many abandoned objects in the Yangtze River. Zhenjiang fishermen got a bag of northern pearls after the sand in the Western Jin Dynasty. " Xijin is an important ferry between Zhenjiang and Yangzhou. The "south rush" here refers to the three-year defeat of Yangzhou. In February of that year, Zhao Gou was in Yangzhou, and the nomads from the army went south. Huang Qianshan and Wang Boyan not only concealed the military situation, but also refused to let the people out of the city. When the nomads from the army approached Yangzhou, Zhao Gou crossed the river in a hurry. Yangzhou residents fled from the city gate and countless people were trampled to death. Jin people have traveled to Guazhou, but more than 100,000 people have not crossed the river, and about half of them have fallen into the river. After the Jin people occupied Yangzhou, they set fire to the city. Only a few thousand people survived, which was the biggest disaster in Yangzhou in the Southern Song Dynasty. In the thirty-first year of Shaoxing, Yan Hongliang invaded the south, and Yangzhou residents fled again. Some residents were sent to Jiangnan by Liu Qi, and some residents fled to Taizhou. After Longxing peace talks, Yangzhou recovered. At the end of the Song Dynasty, Li Tingzhi stuck to Yangzhou, which was "devastated" and residents fled in large numbers.

In the Yuan Dynasty, Kong Qi summed it up very well in the fourth volume of the Book of Integrity: the Nuzhen rebels were in chaos in Yangzhou, and there was no one in a hundred miles. After Longxing, it was revived, and at the end of Germany, the soldiers were chaotic and abandoned. My father tasted the clouds, and it was 700 miles from Yangzhou to the Central Plains, and no one was there. After Yuan Zhen, it was revived. After the Sino-Japanese War, it's like a wilderness now. I don't know when it will be revived. Yancheng county, which does not depend on the canal, also has immigrants moving south. After the Yuan army occupied Lin 'an, Lu Xiufu and others supported Zhao Gang and Zhao Yu at sea. In the second year of Xiangxing (1279), Lu Xiufu jumped into the sea with Zhao on his back and died in the Song Dynasty.

According to the genealogy collected by Shanghai Library, there are also records of Huaiyang people moving south. According to the genealogy of Guan family in Wuxian, his ancestral home moved to Dongdong River in Suzhou City during the Jingkang Rebellion. The genealogy of Tangs in Xinhe, Changzhou and Jiangyin states that Hua Fu Gong, the ancestor of the Tang family, moved from Gaoyou to Baihexi, Changzhou in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, while the genealogy of Gong in Runnortheast states that Gong's ancestors moved from Gaoyou to Runzhou (now Zhenjiang) in the Southern Song Dynasty. You can't believe all the ancient genealogy, but if you want to falsely distribute land in the genealogy of the Southern Song Dynasty, you will always choose the Bianliang River in Heluo instead of Huaiyang, so the above items are still credible. During the Southern Song Dynasty, Huaiyang moved out a large number of people and accepted many immigrants from the Central Plains and Jiangnan, which had a far-reaching impact on Huaiyang dialect. First of all, the North-South culture has been further blended here. Today, the face of Huaiyang dialect is between northern dialect and Wu dialect, and its causes can be traced back to this at least. Secondly, because Huaiyang area is on the edge of the canal, more people died, fled and migrated from the north in the war than Tongtai area in the east. Today, Huaiyang dialect in Jianghuai dialect is closer to the northern dialect than Tongtai dialect, which may be the reason. Immigrants in Huaiyang area also have a great influence on dialects in neighboring areas. For example, Zhenjiang and Yangzhou face each other across the river and have received many Huaiyang immigrants, which makes Zhenjiang dialect closer to Huaiyang area. Today, the vicinity of Zhenjiang belongs to the Huaiyang distribution area of Jianghuai dialect.