The longest and largest population movement peak in ancient history of China appeared in ().

The evidence of the Northern and Southern Dynasties is that in the hundreds of years in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the whole population was immigrants, and the five lakes moved inward and the Han people went south. It was only a few years at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Compared with the northern and southern dynasties, it is far from it.

Q:

However, the answer to our history paper said that it was the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and we all said it was the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Can you be more specific?

Answer:

During the Three Kingdoms period (3rd century A.D.), the political situation was unstable, wars continued, and the people in the Central Plains were in dire straits, prompting the population in the north to move southward. During the Jin Dynasty (4th century), the northern minority regimes took turns to occupy the Central Plains, and ethnic conflicts intensified, which once again pushed northerners to move south. After Sui and Tang Dynasties (7th and 8th centuries), the south was still the first choice for northerners to migrate. After so many times of population migration from north to south, the population distribution pattern was finally formed after the Anshi Rebellion in 754 AD. In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty (980-989 AD), the ratio of registered permanent residence between the north and the south was about 6 to 4. In the early years of the Ming Dynasty (65438+the late 4th century), the ratio of registered permanent residence between north and south was about 7 to 3.

Since Qin and Han Dynasties, the population of our country has been changing and developing. At the same time, the flow of population, that is, immigration, has always existed. According to statistics, there are three important immigration activities in China.

(1) The population moved southward after the Yongjia Rebellion in the late Western Jin Dynasty. Its time is as long as 100 years, and there are four migration climaxes, with about 2 million people. In the early years of Yongjia, immigrants from Huanghuai area established overseas Chinese counties. At the beginning of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, after 326 AD, the Jianghuai chaos, Huainan residents moved across the river to the south. When the Eastern Jin Dynasty mourned for the emperor (362-365), Shaanxi and Gansu people moved south to Hanshui River Basin and Sichuan. During the Yuanjia and Taishi Southern Dynasties in Liu Song, the northern territory was occupied by the Northern Wei Dynasty, and many northern residents moved south.

(2) The second large-scale population migration to the south after the Anshi Rebellion. An Shi Rebellion is an important event in the history of our country. Since then, China's politics, economy and culture have undergone a major turning point. After the chaos in the north, there are three main routes for a large number of people to move south. East Road, from the south of North China to Huainan and Jiangnan, enters Zhejiang and Jiangxi, and further reaches Lingnan and Fujian. This route is mainly a canal. The middle road, from Guanzhong and North China, enters Nanyang Basin and Hanshui Basin, and further reaches Hunan and Lingnan. West Road, crossing the Qinling Mountains from Guanzhong and entering Hanzhong and Sichuan Basin via plank road. The migration of population to the south had a great influence on the history of China in the future, such as the shift of economic center of gravity to the south and the great development of southern culture.

(3) After the Jingkang Rebellion, the population moved south. This figure is about 5 million. 1 126, nomadic people went south, and wars spread all over the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. The following year, the Northern Song Dynasty perished, and Zhao established the Southern Song Dynasty, with its capital in Lin 'an. Subsequently, the population also moved south under the call of the Southern Song Dynasty. This southward migration is divided into three stages. The first stage was from the ninth year of Jingkang (1 139) to Shaoxing, the second stage was from the thirty-first year of Jingkang (1 16 1) to the southern migration of Mongolia in the late Southern Song Dynasty, and the third stage was the southern migration of the population in the Huanghuai basin. The first stage was the largest, and the population moved south to Guangdong and Guangxi.

Of course, there are also many immigration incidents in history. Going to the east, moving westward, moving to Taiwan Province, Jiangxi filling Huguang, Huguang filling Sichuan, moving inward during the Anti-Japanese War, third-line construction, intellectuals going to the countryside, Three Gorges immigrants and so on.

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