What are the achievements of medical development in recent years?

Winners of Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in Recent Years and Their Major Achievements

In 20 13, the prize was awarded to three scientists who discovered the regulation mechanism of cell vesicle transport, namely James? Rothman, Randy? Sherkman and Thomas? Sudhoff

20 12, British developmental biologist john gurdon and Japanese minister shinya yamanaka. He won the prize for his outstanding contribution in the field of nuclear reprogramming research. (iPS: induced pluripotent stem cells)

20 1 1 year, American scientist bruce butler, Luxemburg scientist Jules Hoffmann and Canadian scientist ralph steinman. They discovered the key principle of immune system activation and completely changed people's understanding of human immune system.

20 10, British scientist robert edwards. He founded in vitro fertilization technology, so he is also called "the father of IVF". Medical statistics show that about 10% couples in the world have fertility problems, and in vitro fertilization technology can help most of them realize their dream of having their own offspring. Up to now, more than 4 million people around the world have been born through IVF technology, and many of them have offspring through natural fertilization. In 2009, American scientists Elizabeth Blackburn, carol greider and Jack Szostak. They discovered how telomeres and telomerase protect chromosomes, which solved an important biological problem, that is, how chromosomes can be completely replicated during cell division without degradation.

In 2008, German scientist harald Zuhausen and French scientist francoise Barr Sinosi and Luc Montagni. Hausen discovered human papillomavirus (HPV), which is the chief culprit of cervical cancer. Bar-Sinoe and Montagni won the prize for discovering HIV.

In 2007, American scientists mario capecchi and oliver smith and British scientist Martin Evans. Their series of breakthrough discoveries laid the foundation for the development of gene targeting technology, made it possible to study the function of individual genes in animals in depth, and provided animal models for related drug experiments.

In 2006, American scientists Andrew Fire and Craig Melo. They discovered the interference mechanism of ribonucleic acid (RNA), which has been widely used as a means to study gene function, and is expected to help scientists develop new methods to treat diseases in the future.

In 2005, Australian scientists Barry Marshall and Robin Warren. They discovered the culprits of gastritis, gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer, which completely changed the world's understanding of these diseases.

In 2004, American scientists Richard Axel and linda buck. They have made contributions to the study of odor receptors and olfactory system, revealing the mystery of human olfactory system.

In 2003, American scientist Paul Lauterpur and British scientist peter Mansfield. They made a key discovery in nuclear magnetic resonance imaging technology, which eventually led to the appearance of nuclear magnetic resonance imaging machine.

In 2002, British scientists Sydney Bran, John Sulston and American scientist Robert Horvitz. They have made great contributions to the study of gene regulation of organ development and programmed cell death.

Winners of Nobel Prize in Chemistry in Recent Years and Their Major Achievements

20 12 two American scientists, Robert lefkowitz (J. lefkowitz1943-) and Brian Kebir Kaye, won the 20 12 Nobel Prize in chemistry for their research on G protein-coupled receptors. In 2009, Vankat Raman-Lai McChrystal, American Thomas Steinz and Israeli Ada Junas won prizes for studying the structure and function of ribosomes.

In 2008, martin chalfie, an American biologist and Chinese American, and Shimomura Xiu, a Japanese organic chemist and marine biologist, won prizes for their research on green fluorescent protein.

In 2006, Roger kornberg, an American scientist, and arthur kornberg, his father who is also a professor at Stanford University, won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with 1959, revealing how cells in eukaryotes use the information stored in genes to produce protein, and understanding this has a "basic" role in medicine, because many human diseases such as cancer and heart disease are related to the disorder of this process. In 2004, aaron ciechanover and avram hershko were both Israelis; Gelven Ross, an American scientist, won the prize for his great discovery in protein control system. They made a breakthrough in discovering how human cells control a certain protein process, specifically, the "waste disposal" process of useless protein by human cells.

In 2003, Peter Agre, American roderick mackinnon and American discovered the water channel of cell membrane, which made a pioneering contribution to the research on the structure and mechanism of ion channel. This is an important discovery, which opens the door to biochemical, physiological and genetic research on water channels of bacteria, plants and mammals.