There is an urgent need for five short essays in classical Chinese.

[Original]

The fish in the sea, named squid, ring 1, the water is black. Playing on the shore, afraid to see yourself, just circle the water to cover yourself. Seabirds became suspicious of it and caught it when they knew its fish. Alas! I only know how to cover myself up, but I don't know how to disappear. I was peeped by a peeping Tom. Alas!

[translation]

There is a kind of fish in the sea, called squid, which can spray ink to make the sea water black. Once, it climbed to the shore to play. It is afraid that other animals will see it, so it spits out ink to hide itself. Seabirds become suspicious when they see the dark sea water. Knowing that the squid must be in it, they fished it out of the water without hesitation. Alas! Squids only know how to spit out ink to hide themselves for safety, but they don't know how to eliminate traces to stop seabirds' suspicion. As a result, it exposed itself and was caught by seabirds when they noticed the target. What a pity!

[Notes]

1. ring (Xu, third sound): spit.

2. Du Yi: End the doubt.

[reason]

Don't consider the problem one-sidedly, you must consider the duality of things in order to get immediate results.

Step 2 mourn

[Original]

Always self-sufficient and good at traveling. One day, the water was so fierce that five or six people left Hunan by boat. Zhongji, if the ship is broken, it will do. One is to do your best and not be different. His companion said, "You are the best swimmer. What are you going to do now? " Yue: "I have 1000 yuan, which is heavy. Let's talk about it later. " He said, "Why not go there?" No, shake its head. Every coin has its two sides. The man who saved himself stood on the shore and shouted, "You are so stupid and secretive, you are dead. How can you afford it? " Shook his head again. Drowned.

[translation]

Shuizhou people are good at swimming. One day, the river suddenly rose, and five or six people crossed the Xiangjiang River by boat. When crossing the river, the boat broke down and everyone swam. One of them tried to swim, but he still couldn't swim far. His companion said, "You are the best swimmer. Why are you behind now? " He said, "I have a thousand pence wrapped around my waist, which is very heavy, so I am behind." The companion said, "Why not throw it away?" He didn't answer and shook his head. After a while, he was more tired. All the people who swam across the river stood on the shore, shouting, "You are stupid to the extreme, ignorant to the extreme, and you are drowning. What do you need money for? " He shook his head again. So he drowned.

3. Linjiang Elk

original text

People who place names in Linjiang get moose. Cattle, young deer, livestock, livestock. At first, the dogs coveted them, and they all came. Their people were angry and threatening. Naturally, I hug the dog every day, learn to show off, and make a noise with it. After a long time, all dogs are satisfied. Elk is a little old, and I forgot my own elk. I think dogs are good and my friends are good: really, it is good for suppressing servants and retreating. Dogs are afraid of their owners and throw the ball with them. However, when the tongue spits out. In three years, elk went out, and there were many dogs on the road, all of whom wanted to play. When the foreign dogs saw it, they were happy and angry, and * * * was killed, which was a mess. The elk died before they knew it.

Precautions:

Pronunciation: Dian

You: pronounce ní

Xun: Pronunciation.

Yan: pronounce y m 4 n

Hui: read Dan, eat and lick here.

translate

Linjiang (place name) A man hunted an elk calf and raised it. At home, the dogs drooled and wagged their tails, and the man yelled at them to scare them. From this day on, I held the fawn among the dogs, often showed it to the dogs, and slowly let the dogs play with it. After a long time, the dogs did what the man wanted. The deer cub is a little older, forgetting that he is a deer, thinking that the dog is really his friend and is more intimate with his head. The dog is afraid of his master and is very friendly to him. But I still lick my tongue often (I want to eat! )。 Three years later, (one day) the elk went out and saw many other people's dogs on the road, running to play with them. Other people's dogs are very happy and angry when they see it. They killed it and ate it together, and the road was a mess. The elk didn't understand the truth until they died.

Moral:

Whatever harms people, even if you can find an "umbrella" to support it for a while, this kind of shelter will not last long, and it will not end well in the end.

Children are not afraid of tigers.

original text

Zhongyi, Wan, Yun and An (place names) are all along the Yangtze River in Sichuan. ) Many tigers. Some women spend a day on the beach of their second child in Kaya Hioki and wash clothes in the water. Tigers come from the mountains, women squat in the water, and the second child plays on the beach. The tiger is familiar with it, and it is the first to arrive. Touch, touch, touch, touch, touch, touch, touch. ) One is scared, and the child is stupid, but somehow, the tiger is dead. People who eat tigers must be threatened first, and people who are not afraid can't do anything?

translate

There are many tigers in Zhong, Wan, Yun and An. A woman left two children on the beach during the day and washed clothes by herself. The tiger ran from the mountain, and the woman jumped into the water to avoid the tiger. The two children are (still) playing freely on the beach. The tiger stared at them for a long time and even touched them with his head, hoping that they would be a little scared, but the children were puzzled and didn't even think it was strange. The tiger finally left. It is estimated that tigers must first show their prestige to others when they eat people, but is there no place to impose (and give up) prestige on those who are not afraid of prestige?

5, more (1) to cross.

original text

Once upon a time, someone got a turtle and wanted to cook it and eat it, but he couldn't bear to be named a killer. It was the raging fire that made the kettle boil and the bridge became a bridge. He made an appointment with the tortoise and said, "If you can cross this place, you can survive." Knowing the master's plan to take it away, the tortoise struggled to climb up the sand and had to cross it. The master said, "It's very kind of you to cross the bridge. I want to see it, too."

[Notes]

1 Geng: Come again, come again. Kettle: an ancient kettle. ③ Shinohara (xio): fine bamboo.

translate

Someone once caught a turtle and wanted to cook it, but he refused to bear the notoriety of killing. So the fire burned to make the water in the pot boil, a thin bamboo pole crossed the pot as a bridge, and then agreed with the tortoise: "(You) can cross the bridge, and I will let you live." Knowing that his master is deceiving himself, the tortoise tries to crawl carefully (just like a crab climbing sand) and can only cross (the bamboo bridge) once. The host said, "It's great that you can cross the bridge!" " In order to cross the bridge again, I want to have a closer look. "

6. Zhongshan steals bad food

original text

Lu people can't make wine, while Zhongshan people are good at making wine for thousands of days. Lu people seek happiness. Some officials in the main restaurant in Zhongshan, take its dregs and stain it with Lu wine, which is what people call' Zhongshan wine'. People in Shandong think Zhongshan wine is the same after drinking it.

One day, the restaurant owner came to smell the wine, asked for it, vomited and laughed, and said,' It's the leftover dregs.' Today, I praise the Buddha, but I am afraid that the real Buddha's smile will be stolen. "

translate

In the past, Lu people could not make wine, and only people in Zhongshan country were good at making wine for 1000 days. Lu people asked them for advice, but they couldn't get it. A man in Lu went to Zhongshan to be an official, stayed in a hotel, stole the distiller's grains from the store, went back to Lu, soaked them in Lu's wine and said to people, "This is Zhongshan's wine." Lu people drank it and thought it was Zhongshan wine. One day, the owner of that hotel visited and heard that there were domestic wines. He wanted to see them. I couldn't help but spit it out as soon as I entered. He smiled and said, "This is Cao juice made from my distiller's grains! Now you can show off your Buddhism to me; But I think the real Buddha will laugh at you. You just learned some dross.

7. Begging cats

original text

Zhao suffers from mice, while Zhongshan begs cats. Zhongshan people give cats and are good at catching mice and chickens. A month later, the mouse was exhausted and the chicken was exhausted. When his son suffered greatly, he told his father: What are you going to do? His father said: If you know right and wrong. My trouble lies in mice, not chickens. If my husband has mice, he will steal my food, destroy my clothes, wear my walls and damage my utensils. Will I be hungry and cold, and I won't get sick without chickens? If there is no chicken, you will have ears if you eat chicken. If you are hungry and cold, it's still far away. If not, why go to your husband and cat? (Liu Ji, "Yu Ion? Catch mice ")

(Note: Damn it, why not. Wall, wall disease, injury. )

[translation]

Zhao's family was infested with rats and went to Zhongshan to look for cats. Zhongshan people gave him a cat. This cat is good at catching mice as well as chickens. After more than a month, there were fewer mice and no chickens. His son was very worried and said to his father, why not drive the cat away? Quot His father said that you don't know. I'm afraid of mice, not chickens. With mice, they will eat my food, destroy my clothes, wear my walls and chew my utensils, and I will be hungry and cold. Isn't it more harmful than no chicken? No chicken, just don't eat it. It's still a long way from hunger and cold. Why did you drive the cat away?

8. The vision of Nanqi? Liu Yuanqing

original text

Nanqi is in Qinshu Valley, and the water is sweet but not good. Everyone who drinks it needs to get sick, so there is no one on earth who is not sick. When the foreigners arrived, a group of little women got together and laughed and said, "What a pity!" The stranger said, "Your neck is sick. You don't look for medicine to cure it, but you think my neck is small?" The person who made fun of him said, "We country people are all like this. We can't wait!" ! "In the end, no one knows that he is ugly.

translate

Nanqi is located in the valley of Qin and Shu. Its water tastes sweet, but its nature is poor. People who drink this water are all sick with thick necks, and there are no descendants there who are not thick necks. When they saw the foreigner coming, men, women and children flocked to watch and laughed at him loudly: "It's strange that this man's neck is so dry and thin?" Nothing like us! The stranger said, "that thing protruding from your neck is a kind of dysentery." If you don't find a good medicine to cure the disease, why do you say my neck? "South seven people smiled and said," we are all like this here. Where do you need treatment? "They never knew their necks were ugly.

9. The blind man got lost.

original text

A blind road dried up the stream and the bridge collapsed. Climb the wooden shield with both hands and hold it firmly. If you miss it, you will go to rolling in the deep. Passers-by told him, "Don't be afraid. You put it down first, just on the ground. " If the blind don't believe me, take the wooden shield. Tired for a long time, I accidentally fell to the ground, but I said to myself, "Hey! If you knew, you would be on the ground. Why bother yourself for so long! "

Husband Avenue is desolate, empty and silent. Those who are strict with themselves take this place as a province!

translate

A blind man crossed a dry stream, slipped on the bridge, grabbed the railing of the bridge with both hands and held it trembling, thinking that he would fall into the abyss if he missed. Passers-by told him: "Don't be afraid, just let go, it's on the ground." Blind people don't believe it. He grabbed the railing and cried without listening. After a long time, he accidentally fell to the ground. He laughed at himself: "Oh! If I knew it was on the ground, why did I put up with it for so long? "

The road (the truth) is very dull. Those who are confused in the dark and stubbornly stay alone in the corner will understand this (story)!

Reason:

This fable tells people not to stick to their own opinions, but to be good at listening to the correct opinions of others and be brave in exploring and innovating. Society is always moving forward, "natural selection, survival of the fittest", people's ideology should adapt to the present situation, see the way clearly, enlarge their courage and go their own way.

It is not difficult to see from the world that "province" means awakening. "Bitterness" means hardship.

10, you can't save any money-Ming? Feng Menglong's Guang Xiao Fu

original text

There was a man who was extremely stingy, and the stream of Lu Yu rose recently. He crossed the river with great meanness and waded desperately. In the middle reaches, the water washed down and drifted for half a mile. His son searched for a boat on the shore to save him. The boat wants money, and the money goes there. The son only pays five cents, and the price is uncertain for a long time. On his deathbed, the father turned to look after his son and shouted, "My son, my son, five cents to save you, but no money to save you!" "

translate

He is very stingy. Once, when he was on the way, he met a new river rising. Although he could cross the river by boat, he was afraid to pay for the boat, so he waded across the river regardless. Just to the middle of the river, it was washed down by the water and drifted for more than half a mile. His son is on the shore, looking for a boat to save him. The boatman set the sailing price and said that he could only go if he gave a sum of money. His son bargained for him and said that he would only give five points. This bargaining has dragged on for a long time, and there has been no conclusion. At this time, his father was dying. When he was dying, he turned around and shouted to his son:

"My son, my son, you can save it in five minutes and not a penny!"

1 1, gold withdrawal

original text

An official gave a Zhu ticket, took two ingots of red gold, and gave them to the shopkeeper. This is the hall price. The official asked, "Value geometry?" The shopkeeper said, "A reasonable price should be a certain amount. Now the master takes it and can only take half price. " Guan Gu said, "Wait a minute. Give him back an ingot." After the payment, the shopkeeper is still waiting for the price. The official said, "The price has been paid." The shopkeeper said, "I haven't sent it." The official said angrily, "Diao Nu, you said you only got half the price, so I'll give you an ingot back, which is half the price." The county hasn't lost you, how can it be entangled? Get out! "

translate

An official took out a silver ticket and asked the bank to exchange two ingots of gold. People from the bank bring it in and charge it on the spot (interest, service charge and so on). The official asked, "How much do you want?" The person at the bank said, "The standard charge should be several yuan. Now it's for you, and we only keep half the cost. " The official said to the people around him, "In that case, take an ingot of gold and let him save it for me again." After the deposit, people in the bank are still waiting for the charge. The official said, "I have already given you the fee." The man at the bank said, "I didn't give it." The official was furious and said, "Diao Nu, you said you only charged half the fee, and I will return you an ingot of gold, which covered half the fee." I haven't lost you. How dare you pester me? Get out! "

12, Lumen is not affected by the mirror.

original text

Lu Wenmu was Meng Gong, whose prime minister was generosity, and Taizong received him as soon as possible. Once upon a time, there was a scholar who kept an ancient mirror at home, claiming that he could shine 200 miles. He wanted to learn from his brother. His brother waited in the room and spoke quietly. He smiled and said, "My face is not too big. Why not take a 200-mile photo? " His brother dare not speak any more. Listeners all gasp in admiration, thinking that the sage is far from Li. It is difficult for sages of past dynasties to cover a few things without being bored.

translate

Lv Mengzheng took generosity as the prime minister, and Song Taizong and Zhao Guangyi took special care of him. North Korean officials have an ancient mirror at home. He said he could get 200 Li and wanted to give it to him through his brother to win his favor. His brother found an opportunity to pretend to chat and mentioned it. Lv Mengzheng smiled and said, "My face is only the size of a plate. What do you call it in the mirror 200 miles away? " After hearing this, his brother said nothing more. People who have heard of it are amazed and compare him to Li Deyu, the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty (Li Deyu once laid off more than 2,000 redundant officials, thinking that people were too powerful to ask for help). It is not easy for ancient sages to be like Lv Mengzheng, who has no special hobbies and is not burdened by material desires.

13, Wen Zhiming's calligraphy (Lin Shu Chronicle)

original text

Wen Zhiming wrote A Thousand Words, at the rate of ten books a day, and the books made great progress. I have lived in books all my life, and I have never hesitated, or simply answered people, and I have never taken pains again and again, so the older I get, the more subtle I am.

translate

Wen Zhiming supervised the writing of Wenziwen, with ten books written every day as the standard, and calligraphy made rapid progress. He has never been careless in writing all his life. Sometimes answering people's letters is a bit incomplete. I must have rewritten it three times and five times, not afraid of trouble. Therefore, the older he is, the more exquisite and beautiful his calligraphy becomes.

14, Xue Tan Liu Xue

original text

Xue Tan studied in Qin Qing, but he didn't have any skills, so he said he was exhausted and resigned. Make a short stop in Fuzhi, farewell dinner in the suburb of Qu, fondle elegy, and make a deafening noise. Tan Xue is shooting the other side. He never dares to answer his words all his life.

translate

Xue Tan learned to sing with Qin Qing, but he didn't finish learning Qin Qing's skills. He thought he had finished learning and left for home. Qin Qing did not dissuade him, but gave him a farewell dinner on the roadside outside the city. Qin Qing patted the festival and sang an elegy. The song shook the trees and the sound stopped the clouds. Tan Xue then apologized to Qin Qing and asked to come back to continue his studies. From then on, he never dared to say that he wanted to go home.

15, sima guang studious (Records of the Words and Actions of Famous Officials in the Three Dynasties)

original text

When Sima Wengong was young, he remembered to ask if he was a human being and gave lectures in groups. All the brothers began to chant and rest. You can recite it twice if you are alone. Those who work harder will go further, and what they recite will be unforgettable for life. Wen Gong once said: "You can't recite a book, or recite its words and think about its meaning at once, or you can get more when you don't sleep in the middle of the night."

translate

When Sima Guang was young, he was worried that his ability to recite poetry books was not as good as others. Everyone studied and discussed together, and the other brothers had already finished reciting, so they went to play and have a rest; (Sima Guang) A person studies hard, concentrating and studying hard as Dong Zhongshu and Confucius did when they were studying, until they can recite skillfully. There is more energy in reading now, and the gains will be long-term. The books he intensively reads and recites will be unforgettable for life. Sima Guang once said: "You can't read without reciting. When you are riding and walking, when you can't sleep in the middle of the night, recite the article you have read and think about its meaning, and you will gain more! "

16, Ouyang Xiu studied hard (Ouyang Gong's deeds)

original text

Ouyang Gong was lonely at the age of four, with a poor family and no assets. Mrs. Tai painted the ground with a shovel and taught it with calligraphy. Recite many ancient chapters. And it's a little longer, and there are no books to read at home, so I borrowed them from scholars or copied them. Even forget to eat and sleep, but reading is a service. Poetry and prose written since childhood, to adulthood.

translate

Mr. Ouyang Xiu's father died when he was four years old. His family is poor and has no money to study. The wife wrote on the beach with a reed pole and taught him to write. And taught him to read many ancient chapters. When I am old and have no books to read at home, I go to a nearby reader's house to borrow books, and sometimes I copy them. In this way, day and night, sleepless, just concentrate on reading. Poems and essays written since childhood are written at the level of adults, so high.

17, Wang Mian monk temple night reading (Song Wen Ji)

original text

Wang Mian is from Zhuji. When he was seven or eight years old, his father ordered Niu to go to school and sneak into the school to listen to the students' endorsements; Listen to yourself and learn from your memory. At dusk, I forgot my cow, and my father angered me. As good as ever. Mother said, "My son is so stupid that he doesn't listen to anything?" Because the crown is gone, I live by the monk temple. At night, I dive out and sit on the Buddha's lap. I will read with an ever-burning lamp. Buddha statues are full of clay figures, which are hideous and outrageous; Guaner, if you don't know.

translate

Wang Mian is from Zhuji County. When he was seven or eight years old, his father told him to herd cattle on the ridge, and he sneaked into the school to listen to the students. After listening, I always remember it silently. When he came home at night, he forgot all the cows he was grazing. Wang Mian's father was furious and gave Wang Mian a good beating. After that, he was still like this. His mother said, "The child is so obsessed with reading, why not let him?" Wang Mian left home and stayed in a temple. At night, he sneaked out and sat on the Buddha's lap, holding a book in his hand. By the light of the ever-burning lamp in front of the Buddha, the sound of reading was read until dawn. Most of the Buddha statues are clay sculptures, all of which are ferocious and frightening. Child as Wang Mian is, he doesn't seem to see it.

18, Zhang Qinzheng (He Lu)

original text

Zhang Wuwei is located in the horizontal shop of Jie Bao Temple in the west of the city. There is a short window in his bedroom, and he reads clearly under the window with a book every day. If so, fourteen years. Back to the north, under the window and on the stone, there are traces of double coffins, which still exist today.

translate

Zhang Jiucheng was banished to Hengpu and lived in Xiesi Temple in the west of the city. The room where he lives has a short window. Every day at dawn, he always stands under the window with a book, reading in the faint morning light. This situation has been going on for fourteen years. When he returned to the north, the trace of his foot was still visible on the stone under the window.

19, Cheng Menxue Pear (Song History)

original text

Luo dang saw cheng. He is forty years old. I can't sit still when I see H one day, but I can't stand your left. I feel the snow outside the door is a foot deep.

translate

Shi Yang went to Luoyang to inquire for Cheng Yi. Shi Yang is about forty years old. When visiting Cheng Yi one day, Cheng Yi occasionally sat and dozed off. Shi Yang and Youzuo stood outside the door, waiting and not leaving. When Gauge woke up, the snow outside was already more than a foot thick.

20. Digging the Wall for Light (Miscellanies of Xijing)

original text

Kuang Heng is diligent in his studies. He has a candle, but his neighbor has a candle but he didn't catch it. Heng wanted to paint its light through the wall and send a book to reflect the light. City people can't read their surnames. They have money at home and many books. Therefore, Heng is cooperating with him, not claiming compensation. The master asked Heng strangely, and Heng said, "May the master read all the books." The host sighed, gave books and became a university.

translate

Kuang Heng is diligent and studious, but there is no candle lighting at home. There are candles in the neighbor's house, but the light can't reach his house, so Kuang Heng cut a hole in the wall to attract the neighbor's light, so that the light can shine on the book and read. There is a big family in the same town who is illiterate and rich. There are many books at home. Kuang Heng went to his house as an employee, and he didn't want to be paid. The host was surprised and asked him why. He said, "I hope I can get your book and read it through." Hearing this, the master sighed deeply and lent him the book. Therefore, Kuang Heng became a great scholar.

2 1, seven records ("Ming history? Zhang ")

original text

Pu is young and eager to learn, so he must pay for his studies. The money was recited once, that is, he burned it and then remembered it. If there are, there will be six or seven. Where the right hand holds the tube, the palm becomes a cocoon. I cooked soup several times in winter, and later it was called "reading lent".

translate

Zhang Pu loved studying since he was a child. Every book he reads has to be copied by himself, read it once after copying, burn it, and copy it again, and repeat it six or seven times before stopping. Where he holds the pen in his right hand, there are calluses on his palm. Fingers are frozen and cracked in winter, so you should wash them with hot water several times a day. Later, he named the reading room "Seven Records".

22. playing chess

original text

Qiu Yi is also a good game for the whole country. Let Qiu Yi bully two people, one concentrate and Qiu Yi listen; Although one person thought it was a swan, he tried to shoot it with his bow. Although I learned chess from the previous one, chess is still not as good as the previous one. Is it because his intelligence is not as good as the former? I said: unnatural.

translate

Qiu Yi is the best chess player. Let him teach two people to play chess, one of whom is absorbed and only listens to Qiu Yi. While the other party was listening, they always thought it was a swan and wanted to shoot it with a bow and arrow. In this way, although he followed the last one, he didn't learn as well as the last one. Can you say this is because his intelligence is not as good as the last one? I said, that's not true.

23. Truman learned to row a boat

People in Chu (1) are used to rowing, and the initial twists and turns are sudden, but the boatman listens. So between the small experimental islands, the direction was not satisfactory, and I thought I would try my best to operate the boat. Therefore, Xie Zhou's family is covered and the spine ③ enters the tympanic diameter, which is a great danger. He was afraid of falling and fell into the slurry. Note ① Chu: the name of the ancient country. 20% off: turn around. Spin: Turn around. ③ Vertebra: Knock with vertebra. In ancient times, drums were used as trumpets when marching. (4) urgent: suddenly. Conviction: Encounter. ⑤: Same as "rudder".

There was a man who learned to sail in Chu State. At the beginning, he turned around and spun, fast and slow, completely obeying the master's words. So I tried my hand among the islands in the river, and I couldn't do anything well, so I thought I had learned all the skills of sailing. I immediately bid farewell to the boatman and drummed (the ancients probably gave orders by drumming), and immediately I was in great danger. I looked around, terrified, and the rudder was out of control. However, isn't today's crisis the result of previous complacency?

24. Lu people immigrated to Vietnam.

Read the following classical Chinese and answer the questions 14 ~ 16 (6 points).

Lu is good at weaving (1) and his wife is good at weaving (2), but she wants to move to Vietnam. Or: "I will be poor!" " Lu said, "Why?" Yue: "It's to do ③, and the more people do ④; It's also a crown. The more people send it. With children's strengths, they can swim in countries they don't need. Want to be infinite, can you get it? " (from "Doing Everything in the Woods")

Note ①: Ma Xie. (2) Silk: white silk, with which Zhou people made hats. 3 shoes: shoes, used as verbs here, refer to wearing shoes. Four rudder: barefoot.

There is a man in Lu who is good at knitting shoes with hemp and kudzu vine, and his wife is good at knitting silk. He wants to move to Vietnam. Someone said to him, "You are destined to be poor." The Lu people said, "Why?" (answer) said: "the toilet is used to wear, but the more barefoot people walk;" It is used to make hats, but the more people wear hair. With your strength, is it possible to go to a country that does not use (your product) and want to make (yourself) not poor? "

25. Salvage the iron cow

Song He Zhongfu Floating Beams are made of eight-dimensional iron cows, each weighing tens of thousands of kilograms. In the process of peacekeeping, the water rises to the top of the beam, and the cows are not in the river. Only those who can raise money can come out. The real monk with soldiers and two small boats with solid soil grabbed the cow Wei Zhi, hooked the cow with big wood as a balance, removed the soil, and the boat floated the cow out. Transshipment made Zhang Dao smell it and gave him purple clothes.

Note: 1 pontoon: pontoon bridge. 2 d: tie, link. 3 Zhiping: the title of Zhao Shu, the British Emperor in the Northern Song Dynasty. True: But today Hebei is positive. 5 balance: scale, hammer, beam.

In Song Dynasty, a pontoon bridge was built and eight Tieniu Town Bridges were cast. During the reign of Zhiping, the river surged, washed away the pontoon bridge, and the iron ox sank to the bottom of the river. Officials are offering a reward to anyone who can make the iron cow surface.

A monk named Huai Bing suggested that the iron cow be fixed between two big ships full of mud and hooked with hook-shaped giant wood. At this time, the soil of the two ships will be gradually reduced, so that the weight of the hull will be reduced and the iron cow will be hooked out of the water. Zhang Dao (official name, in charge of military supplies and land and water transportation) gave the monk a purple cassock as a reward.

26. admonish your children

It is easy to be frugal, but difficult to be frugal. It's easy to go from thrift to luxury, but it's hard to go back from luxury to thrift. ) Eat and drink clothes, if you think too hard, you dare not spend them easily. A meal of wine and meat can last for several days; One yarn and one silk can handle several coarse clothes. Being neither greedy nor cold is enough, so why bother to eat well? There will always be a day of thinking, and if you don't always think about it, your descendants will always have food and clothing.

It is easy to go from thrift to luxury, but it is difficult to go from luxury to thrift. How can we enjoy today's (high) salary for a long time? How can I stay healthy for a long time? (If) one day (I was dismissed from office or died of illness, which is not the same as it is now), people in my family have been accustomed to a luxurious life for a long time and can't be frugal immediately, and (at that time) they will be hungry and cold (because of all their extravagance), then (whether) I am a (big) official or not, I am alive or dead, (the living standard at home is the same) "Alas, one!

27. Gong Jing ordered Qiu Fasu to be hungry and cold.

When I was in Gong Jing, it rained and snowed for three days. The public, dressed in fox white, sat on one side of the hall. Yan Zi entered the meeting and set up a room. Gong said, "How strange! It rained and snowed for three days, but it was not cold. " Yan Zi said to him, "Isn't it cold?" Laugh. Yan Zi said, "Babies know ancient sages, people are hungry when they are full, people are cold when they are warm, and people work when they are idle." I don't know. "The public said," good. I've heard of life. "This is the autumn millet that makes people hungry and cold.

Note: Rain and snow: It's snowing. Rain, falling, falling, used as a verb. The steps of the palace. Hear fate: I heard resignation. Smell and listen; Life is resigned to fate.

When Gong Jing was in power, it snowed for three days without cleaning up. Gong Jing, wearing a white fox fur coat, sat on the steps at one side of the lobby. Yan Zi went into the palace and stood for a while. Gong Jing said, "It's strange that it snowed for three days, but it's not so cold." Yan Zi said, "Is it really not cold?" Gong Jing smiled. Yan Zi said, "Yan Ying, I heard that wise kings in ancient times knew that others were hungry when they were full, and they knew that others were frozen when they were warm, and they felt at ease, but they knew that others were hard. Unfortunately, now you don't know! " Gong Jing said, "Good! Then I was taught. " So he took out his fur coat and food and distributed them to people who were hungry and cold.