Please list ten major differences between eastern and western cultures.

First, the difference between good and evil.

To sum up, the western view of good and evil is two sentences: treat others well in life and prevent others from doing evil politically. Advocate fraternity in life, make everyone friendly and make the world full of love; In the design of political system, to prevent people from doing evil, it is important to create a system and mechanism to prevent bad people from doing bad things once they come in. There are great differences between the East and the West in their views on good and evil.

China's political system always imagines that the rulers are all advanced elements, self-conscious in Party spirit and trustworthy, so they often attach importance to appointment authorization and neglect supervision, resulting in a large number of decision-making mistakes and large-scale corruption. This lesson is extremely profound. I think our view of good and evil also needs a new shaping and progress. We should also be kind to others in life and prevent others from doing evil politically, so that society can develop steadily.

Second, the difference between public and private views.

The west believes that people are naturally selfish, selfishness is the driving force of social development, and interest-driven is the eternal theme. The best system design is to tap people's enthusiasm and promote economic development from the perspective of human nature. Therefore, the west has liberalized the individual and private economy, encouraged people to get rich and made the private economy bigger and stronger.

China realized this problem only after the reform and opening-up, and gradually formed a policy orientation and social atmosphere of vigorously developing the private economy, which changed the situation that public ownership was dominant and capitalism was cut everywhere in the past. There is an idea in the west that after people's selfish desires are satisfied, they will return to society, and private property will eventually be owned by society. Don't be afraid of money, jealousy, disgust and scraping.

In the past, our country regarded "private" as a scourge, and advocated "fighting private to approve repairs" and "fighting private words for a while". The Cultural Revolution was called for ten years. This thing is extremely "left", deviating from and suppressing human nature, which seriously hindered the economic development at that time.

Third, the differences in cultural views.

Westerners advocate three cultural concepts, which are quite different from ours:

1, freedom of personality. The west advocates freedom, publicizes individuality, respects human rights and pays attention to giving full play to people's specialties. China's cultural view emphasizes "unification", and everything has a pattern and an idea, which is always unified, which stifles individuality, suppresses freedom, makes people lead a tired life, and social development lacks diversified motivation.

2. Open and inclusive. Although the history of the United States is short, the cultures of immigrant countries and the whole world all over the world are mixed and integrated here, and there are few constraints of traditional concepts. This is why China is the largest economic power with independent innovation capability in the world. China's 3,000-year-old natural economy and 30-year-old planned economy are arrogant, rejecting foreign cultures and hindering cultural innovation and development. This is the main reason why the economies of the four ancient civilizations are relatively backward.

3. Be serious and trustworthy. Germans work carefully, have a strong sense of time, are honest and trustworthy, have condensed Germanic culture, brought economic prosperity and become the third economic power in the world. At present, China's social credit system has not yet been established, and the spirit of good faith is generally lacking. Five pathological economies-fraud economy, bribery economy, debt economy, false economy and deadbeat economy-are the consequences of backward cultural views.

Fourth, the differences in outlook on life.

1, consumption concept. People are born to live, and quality is the most important thing in life. There are great differences in consumption views between East and West. The western value orientation is based on the quality of life and advocates "three actions" and "three inaction": First, live for yourself, not for others, and pursue quality freely; Second, live today, not tomorrow, and dare to borrow money in advance for consumption; The third is to live for this generation, not to save money for the next generation and children.

China also has the values of "three bills". He is busy with his mouth all year round and eats first; People live just to breathe, regardless of the consequences; Try to save face when you die, try to save face when you live, and save face everywhere. China people prefer to save money to live, which leads to a high savings rate in China, reaching more than 46%; As a result, domestic demand is weak, consumption is insufficient, and the driving force for economic development is weak.

2. The concept of privacy. Westerners respect human nature and don't peep at and spread other people's privacy, such as age, income, sex life, etc. Asking questions about other people's privacy is the most immoral and disgusting thing. But orientals have an inexplicable interest in personal privacy. They like to talk about privacy in private, spread privacy through gossip, and even use privacy as a tool to play tricks on people. This is a kind of cultural ignorance and backwardness.

3, the concept of fertility. Europeans are reluctant to have children, for fear that children will affect their quality of life. Therefore, on the whole, western developed countries are experiencing negative population growth, with little pressure on population, resources and ecology.

There are still quite a few people in China who advocate having many children and being blessed, and raising children to prevent old age. Some border old agricultural areas are getting poorer and poorer. The population is still growing at a high speed. It is estimated that by 2020, the population of China will reach a peak of 6543.8+46 million.

V. Differences in the concept of competition

The differences in the concept of competition between the East and the West are mainly manifested in two points:

The first is whether to compete. The traditional culture of China is centered on the feudal Confucian culture.

Confucianism emphasizes the doctrine of the mean, too much is too late, and harmony is more expensive. The market economy, on the other hand, advocates competition, emphasizing that commercial warfare can defeat opponents and win its own development. From the Confucian point of view, competition is immoral. Europeans believe that society needs competition, people need competition, competition gives motivation and competition gives talents, so that the economy will develop rapidly in diversified competition.

The second is how to treat competition. Westerners believe that competition should be conducted in accordance with the law, advocating openness, fairness and transparency, advocating vertical competition, advancing and encouraging each other, and using competition to bring impetus to human progress and economic development. Influenced by the feudal Confucian culture and bound by the feudal consciousness of small farmers, China people often look at competition from another angle.

China people compete horizontally and are keen to fight side by side. I won't run until you are knocked down. This internal friction mechanism has seriously hindered the progress and development of China.

Sixth, the differences in educational concepts.

Influenced by the feudal Confucian culture, China studied to be an official, studied to get a diploma, and got a diploma to be an official. This idea has a good market. The purpose of learning is to be superior to others, not to go to higher vocational colleges and become skilled workers. The west believes that learning knowledge is to acquire ability and acquiring ability is to improve the quality of life.

There are differences in the value orientation of talents. China stresses diploma orientation, always stresses diplomas, promotes cadres to see diplomas, and promotes titles to see diplomas. This has led to the diploma fever, diploma fraud has a great market, and it has been repeatedly banned. To change this phenomenon, we should advocate competency-based as in the west and win by competency competition. Diploma can be faked, but ability cannot be faked.

The requirements for learning are different. We emphasize rote memorization and conformity, while the west emphasizes knowledge renewal and ability innovation. Focus on cultivating students' critical thinking and imagination, so most of the world Nobel Prizes are concentrated in western developed countries.

Seven. Differences in family values

1, family miniaturization. Europeans pay attention to family miniaturization, with an average of 2.3 people per family. Convenient life and high quality of life. We talk about a big family, four generations under one roof, children and grandchildren around their knees, and family happiness. This is a typical feudal big family culture.

2. Family ties fade. Rural people in China go to their employers to visit the west, drink together and play mahjong after drinking. There is no such thing in Europe, and relatives rarely move around, and they are busy with each other and have no time to visit and chat; Little doting on children, more emphasis on self-reliance.

3. Parents' attachment to children is weakened, and their attachment to children is not so strong. Pension depends on social security, not children, so I don't want to have children, and there is no need to accumulate property for future generations.

Eight, the difference of the concept of governing the country

In the west, the rule of law is the main principle, and the legal environment is very strict, so that everyone can work and live according to law, and everything is in order. China talks about governing the country by virtue. From the beginning of Confucius, he talked about benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom and faith, domesticated people with virtue, standardized behavior with courtesy, advocated self-denial and courtesy, and ruled the world with half of the Analects.

In short, orientals talk about relationships and westerners talk about rules; Orientals stress the rule of virtue, while westerners stress the rule of law; Orientals stress face, while westerners stress reality.

Nine, the difference of the concept of government power

History has proved that the core of rule by virtue depends on self-consciousness and self-discipline. People can't just rely on consciousness, but must rely on system and legal system. The arduousness of China's anti-corruption struggle further illustrates this point!

The first is the difference of government functions. The setting of government functions in China is quite different from that in developed countries of western market economy. Specifically, western governments are public service-oriented governments, providing public products, public safety and public services, and not interfering in the economic activities of enterprises; Our government is an all-powerful government, and my mother-in-law is in charge of everything, too much management and too deep intervention, which just restricts economic development.

The second is the difference in scale. The power of the China government is too great, which brings the disadvantages of huge organization, overstaffed personnel and overstaffed personnel. There are many people who eat "imperial grain", which has a heavy financial burden and low efficiency. The west is a small government, a big society and a big enterprise. Micro-economic activities do not interfere, and society does it wholeheartedly. The economic development environment is good, enterprises are less bound, and they can develop freely and in large quantities.

The third is the difference in system. China government emphasizes control and approval, while western governments emphasize service and coordination. Western governments are "shaking their heads", telling people that nothing can be done, and the law stipulates that everything else can be done.

China is a nodding government. Everything must be nodded by the government, and those who don't nod are not allowed to do it. Layers of examination and approval have hampered economic development and worsened the economic environment, resulting in too few "sheep" of enterprises and too many "wolves" of economic law enforcement and regulation departments, making it difficult for the economy to develop. Only by killing wolves and raising sheep and optimizing the environment can we develop the economy.

X. Differences in the concept of tax payment

Western tax payment is a national tax payment, and tax payment is glorious. The whole society respects taxpayers, and taxpayers have the right to inspect and supervise the use of government taxes. Therefore, taxpayers feel honored, secure and motivated to pay taxes. Western tax atmosphere is complete, taxpayers' rights and obligations are equal, national tax revenue and fiscal expenditure are symmetrical, and civil servants serve taxpayers accordingly.

Comparatively speaking, we lack the concept of paying taxes with dignity and respect. Therefore, civil servants, including those who eat "imperial grain" in public institutions, should enhance three kinds of consciousness: thanking taxpayers, respecting taxpayers and protecting taxpayers.

：

During the thirty years of reform and opening up in China (1978-2008), the relationship between the East and the West can be divided into three stages. 1978 to 1989 is the first stage, and the first half of 1990 to 200 1 is the second stage, which is the third stage so far. In the past 30 years, there have been both cooperation and conflicts between the East and the West, which fluctuated with the international situation and the growth of China's national strength.