What's the story of Fan Ju's distant friendship and recent attack?

Fan Ju, who was born as a scholar, assisted the Prince of Zhao with his eloquence and ingenuity, and left a deep impression in the history of Qin.

By listening to his words and observing his deeds, we can have a more intuitive understanding of people like travelers in the Warring States period.

First, "the kingdom of the king of Qin is in danger of accumulating eggs"

Fan Ju was a great man. When he was young, he was eloquent and devoted himself to political activities. He wanted to lobby the vassals for King Zhao of Wei and contribute to the prosperity of Wei, but he was born in poverty and couldn't do this, so he went to JOE, the doctor of Wei.

On one occasion, he went to Qi with Su Jia. King Xiang of Qi appreciated his talent and gave him 10 Jin of gold, cattle, wine and other things. Fan Ju dare not accept it. When JOE learned about it, he reported to Wei Qi that Fan Ju had leaked the secret of Wei to the king of Qi, who wanted to reward him.

Qi Wei was so angry that Fan Ju was slapped, his ribs were broken and his teeth were knocked out. When Fan Ju saw that things were not good, he pretended to be dead. He was caught with a reed mat and thrown into the toilet. Su Jia went to the toilet and peed on the reed mat.

Later, Fan Ju pleaded with the guards, saying that you would let me go, and thanked you for your future. The guard reported to Wei Qi that Fan Ju was dead, and then threw it away. Wei Qi believed it. Fan Ju escaped with the help of the guards. A man named Zheng Anping suggested that Fan Ju change his name and surname and hide. Just then, Zhao Haoqi of Qin sent Wang Ji to see Wei. Zheng Anping hung out and waited on Ji Wang. Wang Ji asked Zheng Anping about Wei's talents and prepared to collect them. Zheng Anping recommended Fan Ju. Watch Wang Ji at night in Fan Ju. In contact, Wang Ji felt that Fan Ju was really different. Fan Ju saw that he and Wang Ji had a very speculative talk, so he let go of his courage. He said to Ji Wang: "The kingdom of the king of Qin is in danger of accumulating eggs, and Ann can be a minister." King Qin's country is in a more dangerous situation than folding eggs. If you use me, you will turn the corner. ) This made Wang Ji sit up and take notice of Fan Ju. The two men then agreed to leave Wei together.

Wang Ji brought Fan Ju to the State of Qin. The car arrived at Huguan (now Lingbao West, Henan Province) on the border of Qin State, and happened to meet Hou Dong, the prime minister of Qin State, patrolling here. Fan Ju knew long ago that Anhou hated politicians from other countries, so he couldn't get off the bus to avoid being insulted by Anhou. Anghou asked Ji Wang if he had brought foreigners into the State of Qin. Wang Ji replied: "I dare not." Yan Hou also paid special attention to a sentence: "Foreign politicians are not good for Qin, only disturbing."

After Anhou's car left, Fan Ju said to Ji Wang, "Anhou didn't check the car just now, so be sure to come back and search." Just get off and walk alone. Sure enough, after more than ten miles, Hou sent someone to chase him to search the car. Fan Ju was quick-witted, avoided the adventure, and went back to Xianyang to go to Qin Dou with Wang Cong.

The year was 268 BC, and the state of Qin was 39 years in Zhao Haoqi.

Wang Ji reported the arrival of Fan Ju to the king of Qin, and especially mentioned what Fan Ju said: "The kingdom of the king of Qin is in danger". Unfortunately, the King of Qin didn't notice this and only received Fan Ju with poor accommodation.

After a while, Empress Yan will lead troops across South Korea and Wei to attack the outlines of Qi (now south of Dongping in Shandong Province) and Shouzhou (now north of Ningyang in Shandong Province). When Fan Ju heard these words, he thought it was time to talk about the king of Qin. He wrote to the king of Qin and asked for advice in person. He said confidently in the letter: "One word is invalid, please make an axe." It's no use saying a word. Cut me with an axe. Hearing this, the king of Qin sent a car to the palace to meet him.

Fan Ju walked into the palace and happened to meet Zhao Haoqi. Pretending not to know Zhao Haoqi, Fan Ju shouted to the attendants in the palace, "There is no king in Qin! Qin has only Empress Xuan and Anhou! " To get Wang Zhao's attention. Wang Zhao heard this, and he quickly greeted Fan Ju. All this made the ministers on the side look at each other one by one. How Fan Ju and Zhao Haoqi will treat each other and what they will talk about will be announced temporarily. Here, readers may have noticed two questions, that is, why they hate An Hou so much, and why Qin is "in danger of accumulating eggs" and do some historical tracing.

Second, the consorts are good at power, and the "four expensive" are rampant.

The mother of Qin Xuan, the son of the queen, was named Anghou because he was sealed in a place called Anghou. He became a minister during the reign of Qin Huiwen and Qin Wuwang. King Wu is an ambitious monarch. He once pushed Qin's power to the Central Plains and boasted in front of the Zhou royal family. King Wu took a fancy to Zhou Ding, a symbol of the power of the Zhou Emperor, and dreamed that one day he could take it for himself. So it's often a tripod hanging scene. In 307 BC (four years), Meng, the Hercules, accidentally broke his tibia and died when he was asked to lift the tripod.

King Wu has no children and his brothers are fighting for the throne. Huiwen, the biological mother of King Wu, died young, and Mimi, her common mother, gave birth to three sons. Wei Ran, the younger brother of Xunbazi, was an official for a long time and had the greatest power in North Korea. He made the son born of Yan bazi king, as a sign of being king. The dumb son is the queen Xuan.

After Wang Zhao ascended the throne, Wang Zhao's brothers refused to accept it and rebelled. Killed the uprising leader Zhuang and his sons and ministers, thus consolidating the status of Qin. These reasons, on the other hand, are due to a set of skills. From 306 BC, when the king of Qin ascended the throne, to 265 BC (forty-two years), although Qin changed countries several times, the actual power was mostly in the hands of Xuan Di. Wei Ran served as prime minister five times for 25 years, which was the longest time in the history of Qin State.

Zhao Haoqi was 20 years old when he ascended the throne, but it was actually his mother who declared the Queen to take power on his behalf and was responsible for its implementation. In this way, Qin formed a consort group headed by Empress Xuan. The core figures of this group are not only Xuan Empress He, but also Xuan Empress's younger brother Hua Yangjun, and Xuan Empress's other two sons Gao He Jing Yangjun ... Wei Ran and three others are called "Four Ghosts".

As a decision-maker in the early stage of Wang Zhaodong's expansion, Wei Ran played an important role. He used a military commander in vain and sent him to lead Qin Jun to attack Korea, Wei, Zhao and Chu, and won many major victories. For example, in the Battle of Yi Que, Tian Lei's Qin Jun defeated the allied forces of Korea and Wei, beheading 240,000 people, which made the state of Lu fearful. Later, Wei Ran sent Tian Lei troops to attack the Hanoi area of Wei State and captured more than 60 towns. Later, Wei Ran sent Tian Leinan to attack Chu State, and attacked Yingcheng (now Jiangling, Hubei Province), the capital of Chu State. These military activities weakened the power of Shandong and played a positive role in the reunification of Qin.

However, with the continuous victory of Qin's foreign military struggle, Empress Xuan's family became more and more powerful in the imperial court. They live a luxurious life, each with a large fief, becoming the largest landlord in the country. He was jealous of talents and opposed Qin's consistent practice of recruiting talents and rejecting foreign dignitaries and tourists. They bullied their superiors and ignored the king of Qin.

Political darkness will inevitably affect foreign struggles and lead to a series of failures in military activities. For example, Wei Ran was later sealed in Tao (now Dingtao, Shandong Province), and its land was near the border of Qi. In order to expand his territory, he asked Qin Jun to travel long distances to attack Qi, regardless of crossing Korea and Wei. This practice of seeking further from the near puts Qin at a very unfavorable position strategically.

This leads to Fan Ju's assertion that the kingdom of Qin is in danger.

Zhao Haoqi said, "I am so lucky to see you today!"

In addition, when Fan Ju entered the palace that day, he happened to meet Zhao Haoqi of Qin, who shouted that there was no king in Qin. This sentence not only revealed the crux of the state of Qin at that time, but also touched the hidden pain in Zhao Haoqi's heart. Zhao Haoqi ascended the throne at a young age, unable to control the political situation, so his mother party became stronger and stronger. Everything is in the hands of the Queen Mother and Wei Ran. He looks like a puppet. However, Wang Zhao is not reconciled to this, and he is by no means incompetent, but lacks effective cronies and aides. Fan Ju's appearance made him shine at the moment and vaguely felt the arrival of some time.

Zhao stepped back, knelt respectfully on the ground, crossed his legs and asked, "How do you teach me?" Fan Ju just said, "Yes, yes." After a while, Zhao Haoqi asked again, "Teacher, how do you teach me?" Zhao Haoqi repeated it three times. Finally, Fan Ju said, "I'm not saying nothing. I heard that Lu Shang met Wang Wen in the past, and Wang Wen treated Lu Shanghou kindly, and Lu Shang also talked deeply about Wang Wen, so Wang Wen conquered the world with the help of Lu Shang. I am a passer-by of Qin, and I have no friendship with the King, but what I want to say involves the flesh and blood of the King. I am willing to give advice from the point of my foolish loyalty, but I don't know what the king's mind is. This is why the king asked me again and again, but I didn't dare to answer. I'm not afraid to speak out. If I speak today, I will be killed tomorrow. I am not afraid, because people will definitely die. If I need to die, and it's for Qin's good, I will. However, I am afraid that after my death, if everyone in the world knows that I died for loyalty, then no one dares to talk to Wang again, and no one dares to enter Qin. "

Fan Ju's words made Zhao Haoqi feel very hot. He said, "I was lucky to meet Mr. Wang today. If you have something to say, big or small, I hope you will say it from the queen mother to the minister to teach me not to doubt me. "

Fan Ju paid a quick visit to Zhao Haoqi, and Zhao Haoqi also paid a return visit to Fan Ju. Therefore, Fan Ju said, "Qin has a dangerous terrain and a strong army. If it is advantageous, attack, and if it is unfavorable, defend. This is where Wang Ye can achieve it. People are afraid of private fighting and brave in public fighting, which is conducive to the achievements of the people of Wang Ye. Your majesty, you can imagine both! Qin has been closed to the outside world 15 years, and dare not actively expand eastward. This is because Yan Hou was unfaithful to Qin, and Wang Ji failed. " Zhao Haoqi said quickly, "I want to hear what's wrong with this plan."

I am afraid that the walls will have ears, and I dare not talk about the internal affairs of Qin, so I will talk about diplomacy first, so as to further understand and observe. He said: "it was a mistake for Hou to go over Korea and Wei to attack Qi's outline and longevity." Less troops will harm Qi, while more troops will harm Qin. Today, Qin's relations with neighboring countries are not friendly. Can we attack other countries across neighboring countries? This is an omission in the strategic concept. In those days, the King of Qi conquered Chu in the south, beheaded the army and killed the generals, and conquered a land thousands of miles away. But in the end, he didn't even get an inch of land. Is it unwanted land? Because the situation does not allow! Later, when countries saw that Qi was tired and the monarch and the minister were at odds, they rose up and cut Qi, greatly destroying Qi. Qi was defeated because it made Korea and Wei rich by cutting Chu, which is the so-called borrowing weapons from the enemy and sending food to thieves. The king had better attack from a distance. In that case, one inch of land is king and one foot is king. Isn't it ridiculous to give up such a strategy to attack far away today? Once upon a time, Fiona Fang, a Zhongshan country with a distance of 500 miles in Fiona Fang, was annexed by the nearby State of Zhao, and other countries could do nothing about it. South Korea and Wei are the hubs of countries and the world. If the king wants to dominate the princes, he must conquer Korea and Wei. In order to master the hub of the world, and then shock Chu and Zhao. If Chu and Zhao are attached to Qin, Qi will also be attached to Qin. "

Zhao Haoqi appreciated Fan Ju's strategy of "making friends far away from home and attacking near", adopted it gladly, worshipped Fan Ju as a guest of honor, and participated in military planning.

Fourth, exile the "Four Nobles", taking Fan Ju as the phase.

After the implementation of Fan Ju's strategy of "making friends far away and attacking near", Qin's military action changed from passive to active, and gradually achieved some victories. Fan Ju thus gained further trust from Zhao Haoqi. With the increasingly close relationship between monarch and minister, Fan Ju felt it was time to talk with Zhao Haoqi about domestic affairs.

One day, Fan Ju said to Zhao Haoqi, "When I was in Shandong, I only heard that Qi had Meng Changjun, but I didn't know that Qi had a king. I only heard that the state of Qin had Empress Dowager, Anghou, Huayang, Gaoling and Jingyang, but I didn't know there was a king of Qin. The king of a country is the heart of a country. He wants to decide state affairs and has the power to kill and seize things. Today, the Empress Dowager can act without authorization, and the Empress Dowager can not report her mission. Huayang, Jingyang and Gaoling can all make their own decisions, which is why people say that Qin has no king. The power of the "Four big noble" is dangerous to the country, and the power of the king may be overthrown, and orders cannot be given from the king. I heard that people who are good at governing the country must establish prestige and hold on to power, otherwise the consequences will be unimaginable. " Fan Ju also quoted the lesson that Zhao Quanchen of Qi had abolished the monarch, saying, "Cui Xun and Hezhi were also ministers of Qi, and the king of Qi was harmed by them. Li dui is a minister of Zhao state. He trapped his father in a sand dune and starved to death for one hundred days. Now the queen mother and' SiGui' are like Cui Yao, Naoya and Li Dui. Qin, from officials with rank to ministers, and people around the king belong to the prime minister, and the king is actually alone in the court. I'm really worried about the king. It's not your descendants who will own Qin in the future. "

Hearing Fan Ju's words, Zhao Haoqi was very scared and determined to eradicate this scourge. With your help, careful arrangements and decisive measures were taken to abolish Empress Xuan in one fell swoop, and at the same time, Gao Ling, Huayang and Jingyangjun were expelled from the customs. The King of Qin took back the Marquis of Wei Ran and Xiangyin, and sent him to pottery to recuperate. When Wei Ran moved, more than 1000 vehicles were loaded with treasures. At the time of departure and customs inspection, it was found that Wei Ran had more treasures than members of the royal family. This year is 266 BC, the forty-first year of King Qin Zhao.

Therefore, Zhao Haoqi worshipped Fan Ju as the Prime Minister and named him Won Hou (southwest of Baofeng County, Henan Province). From then on, the internal affairs and military power of Qin were controlled by Fan Ju. Internally, he reorganized political institutions, abolished the situation that nobles were good at politics, and strengthened centralization. Actively adopt the strategy of attacking from afar and attacking from near abroad, and win successively.

5. Far attack and near attack: Qin stepped up its attack on Sanjin.

Before becoming, Zhao Haoqi had begun to change the strategy of going further and further to attack Qi. When he was worshipped as a distinguished guest, Qin sent a warrior to attack Wei and capture Huai (now southwest of Wuzhi, Henan). In 266 BC, he occupied the scaffold of Wei (now east of wen county, Henan). After Fan Ju entered the Qin Dynasty, he pointed his finger at North Korea.

Fan Ju went to see Zhao Haoqi and advocated threatening to force South Korea to submit first. If it fails, he will send troops again. Although South Korea is weak, it refuses to give up its territory. Thus, since 265 BC, Qin has been launching military attacks on South Korea.

In Korea, Qin Jun captured Shaoqu (now Meng County, Henan Province) and Gaoping (now southwest of Jiyuan, Henan Province). The following year, the generals of Qin attacked North Korea in vain, pulled out five cities and beheaded 50,000. In 263 BC, Tian Lei invaded the area south of Taihang Mountain. In this way, the territory of South Korea was eroded by Qin.

With the successful expansion of Korea, the contradiction between Qin and Zhao became fierce. In 260 BC, the famous battle of Changping broke out between Qin and Zhao, and the generals of Qin killed 400,000 soldiers in vain, which was terrible. At the same time, it also greatly weakened Zhao's strength.

6. Attacking Han: the contradiction between Fan Ju and Bai Qi.

In the first world war of Changping, the power of Qin was greatly shaken and made famous. This caused Fan Ju's jealousy. Fan Ju was born a debater, starting with lobbying. Although he is capable and resourceful, he is narrow-minded and can't tolerate others competing with him. Tian Lei made great achievements in Wei Ran's time, and now he is in full swing after the First World War of Changping. Fan Ju is afraid that in this martial arts country, because of Tian Lei's noble work, his social status will decline, and he can't monopolize power.

After the battle of Changping, the situation was very favorable to Qin. Ready to muster, while zhao machine attack Korea. In 259 BC, 10, Qin Jun captured Shangdang again, and then the soldiers were divided into two ways. A route led by Wang Biao captured Pilao (now east of Yicheng, Shanxi). Another route, led by Sima Geng, occupied Taiyuan of Zhao. Tian Lei personally commanded the main force to stay in Shangdang, waiting for Wang Zhao to order an attack on Handan. However, after waiting for two months, I got the order to "stop the soldiers".

Originally, after listening to the words, I thought it was a long time ago, so we should let the foot soldiers rest and let Han and Zhao cede territory for peace. Tian Lei had to be ordered to withdraw his troops to China. Zhao's plan to pursue the victory failed, and the upcoming meritorious military service was lost. Tian Lei couldn't help feeling resentful. Since then, the contradiction between Fan Ju and Tian Lei has become acute.

Later, the situation changed. Zhao and South Korea had agreed to pay for the land, but they retreated late. Only South Korea gave up the land, but Zhao changed his face and refused to give up the land. He sent people to Qi to prepare for joint resistance to Qin. Seeing that Zhao had broken the contract, he wanted to unite with other countries to attack Qin and ordered Leitian to lead his troops to attack Zhao. This time, Bai Qi said, "No."

Opposing the felling of Zhao is not only because of dissatisfaction, but also because of the analysis and consideration of the situation. He pointed out: "After the battle of Zhao Changping, the monarch and his subjects were furious, worked hard to cultivate them, became close friends with Yan and Wei, and made friends with Qi and Chu to prepare for the elimination of Qin. Therefore, Zhao is now a domestic reality and diplomatic achievement, and Qin can't attack it. " Tian Lei's words obviously have some truth. However, peace has been decided, so they sent another grave to attack Zhao.

In 258 BC, the Han tomb was defeated when it attacked Handan, and Qin Jun suffered heavy casualties. Zhao Haoqi remembered Tian Lei again and wanted to invite him out. Tian Lei said he wouldn't get sick.

However, the loss of the front line and news came, which made Zhao Haoqi very anxious and made Fan Ju personally convince Tian Lei. Fan Ju was helpless, so he pretended to invite Tian Lei to take office. Tian Lei still shirked his illness and refused to take part in the war, and further analyzed the situation, pointing out that it was impossible to win the invasion. He said: "Now Zhao's army and people are working together to defend the country to the death. Shandong also bears a grudge against Qin. If Qin attacked Zhao, they would certainly save him. Qin Yuan will attack Handan from the ground, and Zhao will stick to it and will be attacked by foreign aid. "

Fan Ju had long planned to let his cronies Zheng Anping replace Tian Lei, so Tian Lei's refusal was to his liking. Fan Ju returned to the imperial court and reported to Zhao Haoqi. At the same time, he was inevitably scolded by Dialogue. Zhao Haoqi flew into a rage when he heard this. "If you don't get up in vain, I can destroy Zhao." So Zhao Haoqi asked Wang Biao to rebuild the mausoleum, and increased his troops to continue to besiege Handan.

Unfortunately, the development of the situation is just as Bai Qi expected. Zhao Junmin fought to the death, but he couldn't capture it for a long time. At the same time, reinforcements from Wei and Chu attacked, and Qin Jun fled in large numbers, which was in danger.

Zhao Haoqi had to turn to Tian Lei again. This time, I personally came to the government and ordered troops to attack Zhao, but refused on the grounds of illness. Zhao Haoqi flew into a rage and said to Bai Qi, "Although you are ill, you still have to go out for me. Even if you are lying in bed. " Tian Lei, who was aloof by nature, was very angry and refused to do so, and continued to state the reasons why he could not send troops to Zhao Haoqi. He said to him, "Please accept the minister's advice and let Zhao rest for a while, waiting for the changes in the eastern countries. In this way, the fears of the eastern countries can be appeased, and those arrogant and heartless people among them can be attacked and eliminated. With moral power to command the princes, the world can be decided. Why do you have to operate on Zhao first? "

Zhao Haoqi just wouldn't listen, and the conversation was completely divided. Zhao Haoqi immediately cut off the title of Wu Anjun, gave it to Tian Lei, and expelled him from Xianyang and moved to Yinmi (now west of Lingtai County, Gansu Province). Because of illness, Tian Lei didn't start at once.

Three months later, the news of Qin Jun's failure at the front came, and Zhao Haoqi was angry with Tian Lei again, asking him to start at once and not to stay in Xianyang. Tian Lei had to leave.

At this point, Fan Ju incited Leitian's dissatisfaction in front of Zhao Haoqi, saying that Leitian refused to accept it, "his intention was too urgent", and I'm afraid it will change in the future. Hearing Fan Ju's words, Zhao Haoqi also thought it might be a curse to keep this combative and despicable person, so he immediately sent messengers to hunt down Tian Lei. In a place called Du You, west of Xianyang 10 km, the emissary stopped Bai Qi. The messenger ordered Tian Lei to commit suicide according to Zhao Haoqi's orders. Tian Lei drew his sword and died.

Seven, "the virtue of a meal, the grace of a report."

Sima Qian, a biography of Fan Ju, described in detail the personal feud between Fan Ju, JOE and Wei Qi in Historical Records. As the saying goes, "the details see the spirit". These seemingly trivial things in Historical Records actually provide excellent information for people to deeply understand Fan Ju's behavior and politics.

Fan Ju threw herself at JOE in his early years, but unfortunately, he was insulted. Thanks to the help of Wang Ji and Zheng Anping, he was able to escape to the State of Qin. We have mentioned this before, and Fan Ju has always been bitter about it. Later, Fan Ju became prime minister, and it happened that JOE was once sent to the State of Qin for peace. When Fan Ju heard this, he went incognito and pretended to "bump into" JOE on the road.

I only know that my name is Zhang Lu, which was changed at the suggestion of Zheng Anping and has been used since I entered the Qin Dynasty, but I don't know that Zhang Lu is it. Must be Yu Jialu Fan Ju, two people hard to avoid a cold a Syria. When he was talking, he was deliberately unhappy, so Jia felt sorry for him. JOE, who is in charge of this mission to Qin, needs help, so he wants to have a lesbian relationship with Fan Ju and help find a way out. So he stayed Fan Ju for dinner and gave him a robe. During the dinner, JOE mentioned that his four-horse carriage was broken and he couldn't go to see Qin Xiang. Fan Ju quickly said that he wanted to lend it to Su Jia and accompany him to inform him.

Fan Ju drove a carriage bound for JOE to the door of Xiangfu and said to JOE, "Wait for me, I'll go in for you first." Then I went in alone. Su Jia waited at the door, but Fan Ju didn't come out. He asked the doorman, "Why hasn't Uncle Fan come out yet?" The doorman replied, "There is no such person as Uncle Fan." Su Jia said, "The one who drove me just now." The doorman solemnly said to JOE, "That's our Qin Xiang Zhang Jun."

Jia was startled and suddenly realized that it was a deliberate trick on him. Jia had to kneel shirtless and apologize.

So Fan Ju squared up and summoned JOE. JOE repeatedly kowtowed, claiming that he deserved to die. Fan Ju publicly listed three crimes committed by JOE: 1. When you came back from Qi, you falsely accused me of secretly associating with Qi to Qiwei. 2. Wei Qi hit me and threw me into the toilet, but you didn't stop it; 3. You still pee on me. Then, Fan Ju said, considering that you still have an old friend's affection for me today, you also gave me your robe, so I let you go. However, if you want to send a letter to Wang Wei, you should take Wei Qi's head immediately, otherwise, you should immediately cross the girder (the capital of Wei, now Kaifeng, Henan).

Said back to wei, reported. When Wei Qi knew this, he fled to Zhao and hid at home. This incident later reached Zhao Haoqi's ears. He knew Fan Ju's temper and personality, and knew that he must take revenge on Qi Wei, so he wrote to Ping Yuanjun, asking him to make friends with Yuan Jun and have a "ten-day drink".

Ping Yuanjun was afraid of Qin, so he went to see Zhao Haoqi in Qin. Zhao Haoqi forced Ping Yuanjun to hand over Qiwei, but it was rejected. Zhao Haoqi put Ping Yuanjun under house arrest and wrote a letter to Zhao Haoqi, threatening him. Finally, Wei Qi knew that he had made bad friends with Qin because he had offended Fan Ju, and he would eventually die without regret. The prince of Zhao immediately sent Wei Qi's head to the State of Qin, which temporarily saved him from a disaster.

While "good for evil", Fan Ju did not forget "good for evil". Fan Ju promoted and reused Wang Ji and Zheng Anping who saved his life. And those who helped Fan Ju when he was unlucky, Fan Ju also tried to repay them. Sima Qian summed this up as: "The virtue of a meal will be rewarded, and the revenge of a game will be rewarded." (yazi, self-singing, refers to staring at your eyes when you are angry. Refers to the smallest hatred. )

Debaters and Politicians: Advantages and Disadvantages of Fan Ju.

Zhao Haoqi has long trusted and valued Fan Ju. The death of Tian Lei reflects Zhao Haoqi's partiality to Fan Ju from one side. Or, from another perspective, Fan Ju won another victory in the competition for goodwill. Zhao Haoqi once regarded Fan Ju as an "uncle", and compared his Fan Ju to the Lu merchants in Zhou Wenwang and Guan Zhong in Qi Huangong. Fan Ju also made outstanding contributions to the State of Qin, and made certain contributions to the final reunification of the State of Qin. This is not only reflected in actively expelling the "Four big noble", ending the exclusive rights of consortia, strengthening centralization and clearly establishing the strategic policy of "making friends far away and attacking near", but also in other correct policies of governing the country. For example, during Qin Ting's reign, he strengthened contact and control over Bashu area.

After Qin surrendered to Bashu, Shu defended Li Bing and his successor, mobilized troops, built cities, built water conservancy projects and managed agriculture, which greatly improved the local economy and social outlook. However, "Shu Dao is difficult, and it is difficult to go to the sky." So Fan Ju decided to dig a plank road from Qin to Shu in the mountains. The opening of the thousand-mile plank road facilitated the traffic between Qin and Shu, and made Qin more flexible in using troops, so that it could attack the eastern countries from Shu. Since then, the State of Qin has constantly threatened the State of Chu, saying that Qin Jun could defeat the State of Chu within a few days.

Xun Kuang visited Qin during his visit. Fan Ju politely asked Xun Kuang how he felt when he arrived in Qin. Xun Kuang put it this way: "Qin enjoys a good geographical position, with steep passes and rich mountains and rivers. The people here are simple and not flashy. They are all afraid of the government, obey the mercy of officials and abide by the law. Officials in the yamen, on the other hand, are law-abiding, work hard for the court, and are not lazy or engage in malpractices for personal gain. The scholar-officials in your country are also law-abiding, and they go home when they leave home and enter the government. Do not form a party for personal gain, know the general situation and take care of the overall situation. Looking at the imperial court again, dealing with government affairs is simple and straightforward, just like ancient times. " Finally, Xunzi said with emotion, "No wonder Qin won the victories of Xiao, Huiwen, King Wu and Zhao Gong. This is not a fluke, it is an inevitable result! " Of course, these words also include the affirmation of good governance in Fan Ju.

However, the consideration of Qin also has some shortcomings. This is mainly because he is narrow-minded and attaches too much importance to personal grievances. The contradiction between Fan Ju and Tian Lei is an example. Coupled with the principle and style of "the virtue of a meal must be repaid, and the enmity must be reported", he lost his statesmanship and became a bourgeois revenger, and there were also problems in employing people. Zheng Anping and Wang Ji, who were entrusted with the heavy responsibility of repaying kindness, later caused damage to Qin. Zheng Anping was defeated by the armies of Zhao, Wei and Chu in the Battle of Handan and was besieged again. Unable to break through, he surrendered with 20,000 Qin Jun. When Ji Wang was appointed as the prefect of Hedong, he secretly communicated with eastern countries and was killed. According to the laws of Qin, people who are not good to others will be punished in the same way. Therefore, Fan Ju was almost punished by Wang Ji for collaboration with the enemy.

Sima Qian, a great historian and writer, recorded the grievances and twists and turns between Fan Ju, JOE, Wei Qi, Zheng Anping and Wang Ji with vivid and delicate brushstrokes, telling people that the wanderers in the pre-Qin period, such as Fan Ju's generation, ran between countries, although they had different degrees of ambition to benefit the country and the people, but mainly for personal prosperity. Some of them are proud of their eloquence, but they can also put forward some useful ideas and implement some useful measures, but they are not far-sighted and tolerant politicians, just politicians.