Introduce New Zealand.

New Zealand is located in the southwest of the Pacific Ocean in the southern hemisphere. It consists of two islands, north and south, and some small islands. The two islands face each other across the Cook Strait, with a land area of 26,8021km2, which is similar to that of Japan and Britain. The coastline of New Zealand is 6900 kilometers long, and the territorial sea area is about 4 million square kilometers, which is 15 times of its native area.

There are many volcanoes and hot springs in New Zealand, and the natural landscape is beautiful. The green area is 7.9 million hectares, accounting for 29% of New Zealand's land area. The whole territory is mountainous and the plains are narrow, and the mountains and hills account for more than 75% of the national area. The river is short and fast, which is not conducive to navigation, but it is rich in hydraulic resources.

climate

New Zealand has a temperate maritime climate, and the seasons are opposite to those in the northern hemisphere. The average temperature is about 25 degrees Celsius in summer, 10 degrees Celsius in winter, and the annual temperature difference generally does not exceed 15 degrees. The average annual rainfall is 400-1200mm.

Human population

According to the statistics of June 20001year, the population of New Zealand reached 3.79 million, with a natural growth rate of 7.6‰. Descendants of European immigrants account for 80% of the total population, indigenous Maori account for 14.5%, and overseas Chinese and ethnic Chinese account for 2.2%. The official languages are English and Maori. 70% of the residents believe in Christianity and Catholicism.

Major city

Wellington, the capital, is the national political, economic and cultural center and transportation hub. The population is 347,000. Located at the southwest end of North Island in New Zealand, close to Cook Strait, separated from South Island by water, and surrounded by Nicholson Port, it is the southernmost capital city in the world. There are not many industries in Huishi, and the scale is small, mainly including printing and publishing, hardware manufacturing, automobile assembly, and livestock product processing.

Auckland, the largest city in New Zealand, is located in the north of the North Island. It is a national industrial and commercial center and an international transportation hub. The population is 6.5438+0.09 million. The main industries are textiles, clothing, food, electrical appliances, furniture, building materials and so on. The number of factories accounts for 34.4% of the country, and the number of employees accounts for 34.8% of the total number of employees in the country. Auckland Port is the largest port in New Zealand, and its throughput accounts for 20% of the national total.

Christchurch is the largest city in the South Island and the main industrial center of the South Island. Population 34 1 10,000. The main industries are meat processing, wool, machinery, fertilizer and clothing.

Hamilton is the fourth largest city in New Zealand with a population of 654.38+0.69 million. The main industries are dairy products and agricultural products.

Dunedin South Island is the second largest city with a population of 165438+2000. The main industries are agriculture and animal husbandry processing, wine making and chemical industry.

brief history

Maori settled in New Zealand in the14th century. Dutch navigator landed in New Zealand on 1642. From 1769 to 1777, Captain Cook of England visited New Zealand five times. Since then, Britain has immigrated to New Zealand in large numbers and declared its occupation. 1840, Britain forced local Maori chiefs to sign the Treaty of Waitangi, which stipulated that New Zealand was a British colony. 1856 New Zealand implemented internal autonomy. 1907 broke away from colonial status and became a Commonwealth dominion, but politics, economy and diplomacy were still under British control. 1947 gained full autonomy, became a sovereign country and was a member of the Commonwealth.

political system

New Zealand is an independent parliamentary country in the Commonwealth. The Queen of England is the head of state and the Governor-General is the representative of the Queen. The Governor-General is appointed by the Queen and held by New Zealanders. As the representative of the Queen, she exercises the functions and powers of state etiquette for a term of five years. The current governor Silvia Cartwright took office on April 4, 2006, 5438+0.

New Zealand is a multi-party parliamentary country. The Executive Council, composed of the Governor and the Cabinet, is the highest administrative body by law. The Executive Council is presided over by the Governor, and the Cabinet holds real power. The Cabinet consists of the parliamentary majority party. The main political parties are Labour Party, National Party, New Zealand First Party, Action Party, Green Party, Contact the Future Party and Progressive Unity Party.

1993, the citizens of the whole country held a special vote and decided to change the parliamentary election system that has been implemented for many years. 1996 hold the first mixed proportional representation general election. The general election is held every three years, and citizens and permanent residents above 18 have the right to participate in the election.

In the general election held in July, 2002, the coalition composed of Labor Party and Progressive Unity Party won 53 of the 20 seats in the National Assembly/KLOC-0. Although it did not win more than half of the seats, it was able to form a minority government because of the support of the United Future Party on the trust and financial appropriation bill. Helen Clark, leader of the Labour Party, became the new prime minister of the government. The main members of the cabinet are: Deputy Prime Minister: Michael Cullen; Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade: phil goff; Minister of Defence: mark burton.

Referee

The judicial system adopted by New Zealand is based on English common law and precedent, which is similar to many Commonwealth countries and western countries. New Zealand has a four-tier court system: the District Court, the New Zealand High Court (which has the jurisdiction of the court of first instance and can hear appeals from the district court), the Court of Appeal (which accepts appeals) and the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in London (which only accepts appeals). In addition to the fourth-level courts, there are also some specialized courts and institutions that deal with special issues such as resource management and labor law.

education

Education in New Zealand is mainly funded by the government. The government provides free education for students studying in public primary and secondary schools, and partially subsidizes preschool schools and higher education institutions. The government will also provide assistance if the accommodation and teaching standards of private schools meet the prescribed requirements. Compulsory education is compulsory for children aged 5 to 16.

money

The currency of New Zealand is the New Zealand dollar, which is printed and issued by reserve bank of new zealand (the central bank).

Since March 1985, the government has implemented a free floating exchange rate policy for the New Zealand dollar, and the fluctuation of the exchange rate is completely determined by the change of supply and demand. When the market is abnormal, the reserve bank can intervene when it deems it necessary. At present, the Reserve Bank intervenes in the exchange rate by adjusting the internal interest rate.

local time

The local time in New Zealand is 12 hours earlier than GMT, 4 hours earlier than Beijing time, 12 hours earlier than London and 17 hours earlier than new york. June 10 to March of the following year is daylight saving time, which is 1 hour earlier.

Workers work 40 hours a week, and employees of government departments and companies work 35-37.5 hours a week. Some commercial centers and companies are open from 9:00 am to 5:00 pm from Monday to Friday, and government departments are usually from 8:30 am to 5:00 pm. The business hours of banks are from 9:30 am to 4:00 pm from Monday to Friday, and some banks extend their business hours to 8:00 pm on Friday. Our business hours are from 9:00 am to 5:30 pm from Monday to Thursday, and from 9:00 am to 9:00 pm on Friday. Some shops are open as usual on Saturdays and weekends.

festival

New Year 65438+ 10/2

Huai Tang Yi Ri (Huai Tang Yi Ri, National Day) February 6th.

Easter lasts from March to April for four consecutive days.

April 25th ANZAC Day

The queen's birthday is on the first Monday in June.

The last Monday of Labor Day 10.

Christmas 65438+February 25th.

Boxing Day 65438+February 26th

Weight and size

The weights and dimensions of New Zealand are calculated in the metric system.