Writing geography papers in North China during the Spring Festival is 300~500 urgent.

Differences between East and West Tourism Resources

In the history of more than 5,000 years in China, our ancestors lived in the eastern and central regions for most of their time, so they have a deeper cultural heritage and a more developed economy in the eastern and central regions. The western part of China is dominated by temperate continental climate, with large annual and daily temperature difference, scarce precipitation, cold and cold climate, drought and water shortage, great wind and sand hazards and poor soil, which is in the position of "the roof of the world" and is not suitable for human life, production and other human activities in this area, so the population in this area is not as large as that in the eastern part. Throughout the world, especially in countries with coastal areas, economically developed areas are basically coastal areas, which have great advantages over inland western areas in economic exchanges, and the developed economy in the east has also attracted many western talents.

In addition to economic aspects, geographical conditions are also very different. The topographical features of China are high in the west and low in the east, which are slightly divided into three levels, and basically overlap with the division of the three major economic zones in space. The eastern part is dominated by alluvial plains, with flat terrain, humid climate, fertile land and good matching of water and soil resources, while the western part is mostly mountainous, hilly and desert. Therefore, the east and the west have also produced different regional styles and unique humanistic customs.

Let's take Hangzhou and Chongqing as two representative cities to compare the differences of tourism resources between the east and the west.

I. Hangzhou

1, history

Hangzhou has a long history, which has been more than 2,200 years since the county was established in Qin Dynasty. Hangzhou is one of the birthplaces of Chinese civilization. The excavation of the site of the bridge across the lake shows that as early as 8000 years ago, human beings flourished here. Liangzhu culture more than 5000 years ago was called the dawn of civilization by historians. Hangzhou was once the capital of Wu Yue State in the Southern Song Dynasty in the Five Dynasties and one of the eight ancient capitals in China. By 13 century Italian traveler Kyle? Poirot praised it as "the most beautiful and luxurious city in the world". Hangzhou was called Qiantang in ancient times. In the 9th year of Emperor Yangdi Huang Kai (589), Qiantang County was abolished and Hangzhou was named, which appeared for the first time in history. In the Five Dynasties, Wu Yueguo (907-978 AD) made Hangzhou its capital. In the third year of the Southern Song Dynasty (1 129), Emperor Gaozong crossed the river to Hangzhou and was promoted to be the prefect of Lin 'an. In the eighth year of Shaoxing (1 138), Lin 'an was officially made its capital in the Southern Song Dynasty, which lasted for more than 40 years. In the first year of the Republic of China (19 12), Qiantang County, Renhe County and Hangxian County were juxtaposed. In the 16th year of the Republic of China (1927), Hangzhou and other places set up county towns and Hangzhou set up a city. 1May 3, 949, the liberation of Hangzhou opened a new chapter in the history of Hangzhou's development.

2. Overview

Hangzhou is located in the southeast coast of China, in the north of Zhejiang Province, on the north bank of the downstream of Qiantang River and at the southern end of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. The total area of the city is 16596 square kilometers, of which the urban area is 3068 square kilometers. It has jurisdiction over 8 districts of Shangcheng, Xiacheng, Gongshu, Jianggan, West Lake, Binjiang, Xiaoshan and Yuhang, 3 county-level cities of Lin 'an, Fuyang and Jiande, and 2 counties of Tonglu and Chun 'an. Cinnamomum camphora is the city tree and osmanthus fragrans is the city flower.

3. Natural conditions

Hangzhou has a natural environment where rivers, lakes and mountains blend together. Hills and mountains account for 65.6% of the city's total area, plains account for 26.4%, and rivers, lakes and reservoirs account for 8%. The longest artificial canal in the world, the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, and the Qiantang River, which is famous for its tidal bore, pass through the city. The west, middle and south of Hangzhou belong to the middle and low hills in western Zhejiang, and the northeast belongs to the north plain of Zhejiang. There are many rivers and lakes and rich products. Hangzhou is known as the land of abundance, the land of silk and a paradise on earth. It is famous for the beautiful scenery of the West Lake. "There is heaven above and Suzhou and Hangzhou below" expresses people's sincere praise for this this beautiful city from ancient times to the present. Su Dongpo, a great writer in the Song Dynasty, once wrote: "Hangzhou is the best of the 36 West Lakes in the world." . West Lake, surrounded by Yunshan on three sides and surrounded by mountains and rivers. She loves all beings in the world with the natural scenery of "heavy makeup and light touch".

4. Cultural landscape

Hangzhou has a long history of 2,200 years and is one of the seven ancient capitals in China. The cultural landscape is also rich and colorful, with ancient courtyards, gardens, buildings, pavilions, towers, temples, springs, valleys, grottoes and cliff carvings all over the place, or jade belts with beads, bridges with willows painted, or beautiful mountains and rivers in various ways, especially Lingyin Temple and Pagoda of Six Harmonies. "Jiang Nanyi, what impressed me most was Hangzhou!"

5. Folklore

With the development of history, economy and natural conditions in Hangzhou, the customs and habits of Hangzhou have been constantly created, enriched and gradually evolved by the broad masses of the people, adding a unique Jiangnan style to Hangzhou.

The rich cultural relics unearthed from Liangzhu cultural site four or five thousand years ago show that the primitive villages in Hangzhou with the earliest human activities have Jiangnan characteristics. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Hangzhou belonged to the State of Yue or Wu, and later to the State of Chu. During the Qin and Han dynasties, Hangzhou began to build counties. At that time, Qiantang County was a small county at the foot of Wulin Mountain, and the river was adjacent to the water. The Sui Dynasty established Hangzhou, built the city and dug the Grand Canal in the south of the Yangtze River, which laid the foundation for the urban development of Hangzhou. Since the Tang Dynasty, Hangzhou has entered the ranks of famous cities in China. The urban area of Hangzhou extends from Jianggan in the south to Wulinmen in the north. The urban population has soared from 6.5438+0.5 million to more than 6.5438+0.5 million. Economic prosperity, but also with Japan, North Korea and other countries to establish trade relations. Hangzhou has become "the city of the southeast, the capital of Wuhan, Jiangsu". With the development of Hangzhou, social customs are gradually urbanized, and folk customs such as production, residence, diet, clothing, weddings, funerals, celebrations and etiquette have also changed. Bai Juyi, a poet, once eulogized the social custom of "Fish and salt gather for the city, fireworks start for the village" in Hangzhou in the Tang Dynasty, the custom of "every family lights up and sings songs everywhere" and the custom of "having friends at the age of 20 and visiting the West Lake at night". Great changes have taken place in the customs of Hangzhou since the Northern Song Dynasty. First of all, Hangzhou has experienced the influence of two population migrations to the south in the history of our country, forming a great integration of the customs of the north and the south. During the Western Jin Dynasty, the North suffered from repeated wars, and the Jin family moved south. Scholars and even civilians in the north also crossed the river in succession and gathered in the affluent Sanwu (Xing Wu County, Wu Jun County and Huiji County) area, and a large area of land in the south became the grange of the nobles in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Therefore, northern customs also affect Hangzhou. Especially at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, northern Jurchen nobles invaded the Central Plains, Zhao and Song regimes moved south, Hangzhou was the capital, and a large number of scholars crossed the river south. Northerners in Du Nan brought the original family customs and habits of Hangzhou to the south, which greatly changed the original customs and habits of Hangzhou. As the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, the economy is increasingly prosperous and social customs are more diverse. The customs of Hangzhou in the Southern Song Dynasty are quite different from those in the north in the early years of Du Nan. However, at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, with the integration of cultural customs between the North and the South, the most important thing was the rise of the Central Plains culture. In the Southern Song Dynasty, the ceremonies of marriage, childbirth, full moon, centennial and one-year-old in Hangzhou also permeated the customs of the Central Plains, and many entertainment habits inherited the customs left over from the north. There were "tile houses" in Bianjing in the Northern Song Dynasty, and there were many amusement places "tile houses" in Hangzhou after the southern crossing. At first, the film was only carved with plain paper, and after crossing the south, it was decorated with sheepskin and color. When it comes to rape, there is a legendary monster folk song by Kong Sanchuan in Bianjing. Later, a female artist named Baby Bear and a younger girl in Hang Cheng followed suit and learned to sing. With the arrival of northerners from the south, even the temples dedicated to them moved to Hangzhou.

After the integration of North and South, Hangzhou's urban customs have gradually formed a set of customs with local characteristics in production, life, weddings, funerals, pensions and entertainment. During the Yuan and Qing Dynasties, due to the influence of ethnic minorities mastering the central government, Hangzhou folk customs also infiltrated and merged some customs of Mongolia and Manchu. In the Qing Dynasty, there were also nobles of the Qing Dynasty who were dissatisfied with the rule of the Qing court and stripped off their yellow jackets, as well as Hangzhou proverbs such as "planing cucumbers (jackets)". 1On May 3, 949, Hangzhou was liberated, and the customs and habits of the people in Hangzhou have undergone great changes. The bad style and vulgar habits left over from the old society have been eliminated or banned, and a new social atmosphere is gradually taking shape. The establishment of the new social system has correspondingly changed the old family system. It turns out that the wall and door structure of several generations of big families living under one roof in Hangzhou has basically disintegrated. With the implementation of the marriage law, men and women are free to marry, and the feudal system of arranged, forced and bought marriages has been abolished. Late marriage and family planning, as well as respecting the elderly and caring for the young, are becoming a new social trend. Funeral reform has also been carried out. Most of the traditional Chinese New Year holidays in ancient China, such as Spring Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Double Ninth Festival and Winter Solstice, have retained the original customs and added some new contents, such as "supporting the army and loving the people" and "supporting the government and loving the people" before and after the Spring Festival to express condolences to retired cadres and workers for the New Year; During the Qingming period, teenagers offered sacrifices to sweep the tombs of revolutionary martyrs, and so on. In addition, Women's Day on March 8, Arbor Day on March 12, Labor Day on May 1 day, Youth Day on May 4, Mother's Day on May 14, Children's Day on June 1 day, Army Day on August 1 day, 9

Second, Chongqing.

1, history

Chongqing is a famous historical and cultural city in China with a long history of more than 3,000 years. The Cuba-Chongqing region centered on Chongqing is the birthplace of Bayu culture, and this land has given birth to Chongqing's long history. At the end of the Paleolithic period, 20,000 to 30,000 years ago, people lived in Chongqing.

During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties in BC 1 1 century, the Ba people established the Ba State with Chongqing as its capital. After Qin destroyed Ba, the world was divided into 36 counties, and Ba County was one of them. 1929 Chongqing was formally established. 1March 997 14 was reviewed and approved by the Fifth Session of the Eighth National People's Congress, and Chongqing was restored as a municipality directly under the Central Government. It was officially listed on June 1997. Chongqing became the fourth municipality directly under the Central Government of China after Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai, and the only municipality directly under the Central Government of China, thus opening a brand-new page in the history of Chongqing's construction and development.

2. Overview

Chongqing is located in the southwest of China, on the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and on the eastern edge of the Sichuan Basin, with a land span of1051'-110' 28 10' north latitude. The border borders Hubei and Hunan in the east, Guizhou in the south, Sichuan in the west and Shaanxi in the north. It is 470 kilometers long from east to west and 450 kilometers wide from north to south, with a total area of 82,400 square kilometers, which is 2.39 times the total area of Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai. It is the largest city in China, with a built-up area of 647.78 square kilometers.

3. Natural conditions

Chongqing is a livable city with mild climate and subtropical monsoon humid climate. The annual average climate is about 18℃, the lowest temperature is 6-8℃ in winter and it is hot in summer. In July and August, the daily maximum temperature is above 35℃, and the total sunshine hours are 1000- 1200 hours. Warm winter and hot summer, long frost-free period. Chongqing is foggy and is known as the "foggy city of Chongqing". Chongqing is foggy because of its geographical environment. The average annual foggy days in Chongqing are 104 days, while London, which is known as the foggy capital of the world, has only 94 days, and Tokyo, Japan, which is the foggy capital of the Far East, has only 55 days. Chongqing is a veritable "foggy city". Wu Yun in Bishan County of Chongqing has 204 foggy days all the year round, which is called "the best in the world". Chongqing is located in the east of Sichuan Basin, surrounded by Daba Mountain, Wushan Mountain, Wuling Mountain and Dalou Mountain in the north, east and south. The landform is dominated by hills and mountains with a large slope. It is called "Mountain City". The main rivers flowing through Chongqing are Yangtze River, Jialing River, Wujiang River, Fujiang River, Qijiang River and Daning River. The main stream of the Yangtze River crosses the whole territory from west to east, with a flow of 665 kilometers, and crosses the three anticlines of Wushan, forming the famous Qutang Gorge, Wuxia Gorge and Xiling Gorge (located in Hubei Province), namely the world-famous Three Gorges of the Yangtze River. The Yangtze River and Jialing River pass through the main city of Chongqing.

4. Cultural landscape

Chongqing is endowed with unique tourism resources. Within the city, Bashan stretches and Chongqing waters are criss-crossing, overlooking a long history and profound cultural accumulation, which constitutes a magnificent natural scenery integrating mountains, water, forests, springs, waterfalls, gorges and caves and a strong cultural color integrating Bayu culture, ethnic culture, immigrant culture, Three Gorges culture, "capital" culture and urban culture. From the former site of Tu Shan, which was "unable to enter and leave" in the summer, to the remains of many celebrities and bipartisan events in the country; From the true face of the hanging coffin of Daning River through the ages to the historic site of Hechuan Fishing City with a broken whip; From the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, which is well-known in ancient and modern times, to the Dazu stone carving, which is well-known in the world, it has formed the "Mountain City Scenery", "Golden Line of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River" and "Eight Characteristic Tourist Areas" with Chongqing characteristics, with more than 300 scenic spots, including more than 10 national cultural relics protection unit. At the same time, the quaint and unique folk customs of Bayu are fascinating, and the colorful local literature and art are fascinating. Chongqing is also one of the main representative regions of Sichuan cuisine. Eating and traveling complement each other, adding infinite elegance to tourists. Chongqing is one of the famous historical and cultural cities in China, with numerous ancient cultural sites and landscapes. Wushan Longgupo Site, Dazu Stone Carving, Fuling Baiheliang, Fengjie Bai Di City and Hechuan Fishing City are all national key cultural relics protection units. Chongqing is also a city with a glorious revolutionary tradition. Revolutionary memorial sites or accompanying capital sites include Hongyan Village, No.50 Zengjiayan, Guiyuan, Xinhua Daily, Chongqing Negotiation Site, Geleshan Martyrs Cemetery, Baigongguan, Zhazidong, Sino-US Cooperation Research Institute Site, Forest Garden, Huangshan Accompanying Capital Site, and War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's former site-the temporary government of North Korea. The old appearance of Chongqing is debatable, and the new makeup is more exotic, attracting more and more Chinese and foreign tourists to visit.

5. Folk culture

Bayu culture is a part of China traditional culture with a long history. "Yanhuang" began in the Yellow River Basin, and from Yu Xia, the legends of our ancestors began to spread southward. Yu was born in three places, all in the Yangtze River valley, namely, Sichuan, Jiujiang, Jiangxi and Anhui. According to a large number of historical records, Yu was born in Guangrao County, Wenshan County, Sichuan Province, and married Tushan in Jiangzhou. Gujiangzhou is Chongqing today. After the Qin dynasty destroyed Pakistan and established Sheba County, Ba people entered the process of sinicization by leaps and bounds. For more than 3,000 years, Chongqing has left the mark of China traditional culture everywhere. At the junction of Chongqing and Hubei, there are the hometowns of Qu Yuan and Wang Zhaojun. Fuling Zhouyi Garden is the birthplace of Neo-Confucianism in Zhu Cheng. Dazu stone carving, which brings together a large number of grotto art treasures in China during the Tang and Song Dynasties; Hechuan Fishing City preserves the ancient battlefield site where Nanjing soldiers and civilians fought against Mongolian invasion. Poets of past dynasties, such as Li Bai, Du Fu, Liu Yuxi, Su Shi, Lu You, Guo Moruo, etc. I have written many famous sentences here. Bayu people have formed a folk custom for thousands of years, such as watching lanterns during the Spring Festival, worshipping ancestors during the Tenth Five-Year Plan, enjoying the moon in the Mid-Autumn Festival, hanging wine, catching up with temple fairs, sitting in sedan chairs and flying kites. It covers weddings, funerals, entertainment and games, the concept of ghosts and gods, taboos of sacrifice, seasons and seasons, industrial and commercial transactions, etc., which are similar to those in other parts of China. Chongqing's colorful local dramas, folk arts, paintings, handicrafts and mass festivals can also reflect the customs of Bayu.