Brief introduction to Hong Kong history

The history of Hong Kong, the regional flag of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, can be traced back to the Neolithic Age 5000 years ago.

After Qin Shihuang unified China, South China Sea, Guilin and Xiang Jun were successively established, and Hong Kong belonged to Panyu County, Nanhai County. Since then, Hong Kong has been under the jurisdiction of the central government.

In the Han Dynasty, Hong Kong belonged to Boluo County, Nanhai County.

In the sixth year of Xianhe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (AD 33 1 year), Hong Kong belonged to Baoan County, Dongguan County.

During the Sui Dynasty, Hong Kong belonged to Baoan County, Nanhai County and guangzhou fu.

In the second year of Tang Zhide (AD 757), Baoan County was changed to Dongguan County, and Hong Kong still belonged to Dongguan County.

During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, a large number of mainland people moved to Hong Kong, which promoted the great development of Hong Kong's economy and culture.

In the first year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (1573), Hong Kong belonged to Xin 'an County.

Hong Kong, the regional emblem of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is an excellent deep-water port, once known as one of the three natural seaports in the world. In the early years, the British took a fancy to Hong Kong Victoria Harbour, which has the potential to become an excellent port in East Asia. In order to develop its maritime trade in the Far East, they spared no effort to win this place from the Manchu Dynasty, thus beginning the history of Hong Kong becoming a British colony.

From 1842 to 1997, Hong Kong was a British colony.

On July 6th, Hong Kong returned to China.

The three parts of Hong Kong (Hong Kong Island, Kowloon and New Territories) come from three unequal treaties in different periods.

1840 after the first opium war, Britain forced the Qing dynasty to sign the treaty of nanking on 1842 and ceded Hong Kong Island.

1856, the British and French allied forces launched the second Opium War, forcing the Qing Dynasty to sign the Beijing Treaty in 1860, ceding the Kowloon Peninsula, the area south of today's Jiejie.

After the Sino-Japanese War of 1894, 1894, Britain forced Qing Dynasty to sign the Special Provisions on Expanding Hong Kong Border in 1898, and forcibly leased the New Territories for 99 years until1June 30, 997.

Leasing in the New Territories has increased the area of Hong Kong tenfold.

Chronology of major historical events

184 1 year 65438+1October 26th: After the First Opium War, Britain occupied Hong Kong Island, and then the Qing Dynasty tried to recover it by force. Daoguang issued many orders for this, but the Qing Dynasty was never able to defend its territorial integrity.

1August 29th, 842: The Qing Dynasty signed the unequal treaty "treaty of nanking" with Britain, ceding Hong Kong Island to Britain.

1860 65438+1October 24th: China and Britain signed the unequal Beijing Treaty, ceding the area south of Boundary Street in Kowloon Peninsula to Britain.

1June 9, 898: Britain forced Qing * * * to sign the "Special Provisions on Expanding Hong Kong Border" and leased 262 islands north of Boundary Street in Kowloon Peninsula for 99 years (as of June 30 1997).

194165438+February 25th: During World War II, the Japanese invaded Hong Kong, and the British troops stationed in Hong Kong were unable to resist. At that time, Governor Yang had no choice but to declare surrender.

Hong Kong was occupied by Japan and began a "period of Japanese rule" of three years and eight months.

1945 September 15: Japan signed a surrender in Hong Kong after its defeat and withdrew from Hong Kong.

1984 12 19: China and Britain signed a joint statement on the question of Hong Kong and implemented "one country, two systems" after Hong Kong 1997.

1 July, 19971:Hongkong became the People's Republic of China (PRC) Special Administrative Region.

According to the Basic Law, Hong Kong's previous economic, legal and social systems will remain unchanged for 50 years and "one country, two systems" will be implemented. The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region enjoys a high degree of autonomy, and can withstand troubles except in national defense and diplomacy.

Place name source

There are several theories about the origin of place names in Hong Kong:

Statement 1: The name of Hong Kong is related to spices.

During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, Hong Kong was administratively subordinate to Dongguan, Guangdong.

Since the Ming Dynasty, a small harbor in the southern part of Hong Kong Island, a distribution center for the transshipment of spices from South Guangdong, has been known as "Hong Kong" because of the transshipment of spices produced in Dongguan, Guangdong.

It is said that the spices transported from Hong Kong at that time were of high quality and were called "Hainan treasures". Many local people in Hong Kong also grow spices, and Hong Kong is famous with the spices they grow.

Soon this perfume was listed as a tribute of the emperor, and at that time it created a prosperous fragrance making and transporting industry.

Later, the cultivation and transportation of spices gradually declined, but the name Hong Kong remained.

Night view of Victoria Harbour in Hong Kong (symphony of lights) Statement II: Hong Kong is a natural harbor with sweet and delicious streams nearby. Sailors who come and go at sea often come here to get water to drink. Over time, the sweet stream has gained a great reputation. This stream is also called "Xiangjiang River", and the small harbor formed by Xiangjiang River's alluvial flow into the sea has also begun to be called "Hong Kong".

A group of British people landed on Hong Kong Island from this harbor, so they named the whole island after "Hong Kong".

To this day, "Xiangjiang" is still another name for Hong Kong.

Statement 3: Named after Gu Xiang.

It is said that Gu Xiang is the wife of a pirate. She occupied the island after the pirates died.

With the passage of time, people named the island "Hong Kong" after her.

Although there are different opinions, it is generally certain that the place name Hong Kong first appeared in the Ming Dynasty. It originally referred to a small harbor and village on Hong Kong Island at that time, and later it was extended to refer to the whole island (Hong Kong Island). Finally, at the beginning of19th century, it became the general name of the whole area occupied by British colonists at that time.

[Edit this paragraph] Geography and climate

Geographical survey

Hong Kong is located at east longitude 1 14 15' and north latitude 22 15'. It is located along the coast of South China, east of the Pearl River Estuary in Guangdong Province, China, and consists of Hong Kong Island, Kowloon Peninsula, inland areas of the New Territories and 262 islands (outlying islands).

Hong Kong borders Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province in the north and Wanshan Islands, Zhuhai City, Guangdong Province in the south.

Hong Kong is 6 1 km away from Macau in the west, 0/30 km away from Guangzhou and 0/200 km away from Shanghai in the north.

In addition, the land in Hong Kong will drop by 3 cm every year.

The three major parts of Hong Kong are: Hong Kong Island is about 8 1 square kilometer; Kowloon Peninsula is about 47 square kilometers; The New Territories and 262 outlying islands are about ***976 square kilometers, with a total area of about 1 104 square kilometers, which is slightly more than one sixth of that of Shanghai and only one tenth of that of China. The total area of land and water jurisdiction is 2755.03 square kilometers, and the water flow rate is 59.9%.

Less than 25% of the land has been developed in Hong Kong, and the area of country parks and nature reserves is as high as 40%.