Shuangliu wedding and funeral

Playing folk joys and sorrows for 300 years

-Interpretation of Shuangliu "Blow Blow" Archives

Blow, the book is called Suona. Commonly known as "stupid". Others are called "drummers" and "suona". The history of Shuangliu folk "blowing" has always been a dusty and heavy file. It can be said that there is no record in the file, and there are only a few newly revised Shuangliu County Records. There are even fewer people asking questions in society. I don't know the "blowing" history of Shuangliu. My mother died on the ninth day of last winter, and I was lucky enough to get in touch with "Chui Chui". Afterwards, because of my interest, I read relevant historical materials, interviewed and collected the history of Shuangliu, and tried to interpret this file that I had never read, which was quite rewarding. Shuangliu has an extraordinary history. They are a group of great folk artists in Shuangliu. They have experienced ups and downs in the world, and have been playing Cang Sang for many years, and they have been playing folk joys and sorrows in Shuangliu for 300 years in obscurity.

The moon has ups and downs, and people have joys and sorrows. Play the joys and sorrows of the people, undertake the wedding etiquette of the people, and Shuangliu "blows" his cheeks and mouth. Whether it is hot or cold, weddings, funerals, joys and sorrows, they will always appear wherever they are needed.

If your family is celebrating the wedding ceremony, trumpeters will walk in front with their heads held high, sedan chairs will be carried behind, surrounded by boys and girls, and they will play your legend for you with full enthusiasm, piercing the lotus, pairing up, a good garden, Shanhuazi and Hong Xiuxie. When the bride and groom pay New Year greetings, they play cheerful "Full House" and "Lazy Thrushcross" for you, making a mountain village, a small street and a shop steaming and beaming, and making your marriage lively and unforgettable. Among the popular children's songs in Shuangliu, there is also a lyric that vividly describes the vivid face of "blowing and blowing" to greet the bride. The lyrics are: "Ding Ding Cat (refers to dragonfly), wearing a red skirt, Gao Dajie, being a matchmaker. The pockmarked empress played drums, and the bamboos were carried away one by one. Lift it up slowly, lift it up slowly, and see if you have mixed it up with the pedaling shoes worn by girls. "

If there is a funeral, as long as it is a bereavement, no matter day or night, windy or rainy, hot or cold, people will be invited to be on call to play Crying Emperor, Han Dongshan, Feng Chengsong, Pu 'an Mantra, Liu Qingniang, Wan Nanji and so on for your dead relatives, which makes people feel sad and sad. It's time for the funeral of the deceased again. There is a rush of iron in front, throwing paper money and "blowing the horn" to open the way, followed by the colorful flag team, led by the portrait of the spirit tablet, followed by the mourning of the funeral procession and the filial son, all the way to express the mourning and grief of the filial sons for their lost loved ones.

In the folk, besides weddings and funerals, some rich people, or people who pay attention to others, get promoted, celebrate birthdays, repair houses, have houses, or drink and discuss affairs, will also ask "blowing" to blow and slap. For those who congratulate the promotion, the "drummer" blows "six orders" for him; For the new official who took office in a sedan chair, the "trumpeters" played cheerful tunes such as Guan Jiangnan, Dismounting General and Hundred Phoenix Rising in the Sun. For those who are discussing drinking or having fun, we will also play flowers in the cave, thrush ginseng, Didi, dressing table, lotus flowers, big orders and greetings for you to make your face solemn and lively. "Blow-blow" has been an indispensable form of happiness and sorrow for Shuangliu private house for a long time.

The 300-year history of Shuangliu "Blowing"

When did Shuangliu "blow"? Nobody knows. The newly revised "Shuangliu County Records" only records: "Before liberation, there were professional folk music players and buglers in towns and villages with large counties. Jiang (nicknamed Jiang Chui Chui Er) in Shuangliu County is a famous folk musician, who can play more than 100 songs. The teaching of national instrumental music is mostly dictated by mentoring and father and son. " I found Jiang Hede, Jiang Chui's son, and he said that his family has been playing for four generations now. At the earliest, my grandfather Jiang Guozhen opened a sedan chair in the "Sanlao Lady's Shop" of the Cluster Bridge. Later, my father opened a sedan chair next to the "Laolongtang Temple" at the Shengzi Station in the east gate of the county, and then moved to the foot of Xihe Bridge in West Street. Jiang Hede inherited his father's career of "blowing around" for more than 40 years, and now he is dictating it to his son Jiang Qian. The four generations of "will blow" have a history of 150 years. So, when did Gu Jiang start his trumpet playing career? Jiang Hede told me with regret that he didn't know, except that his grandfather learned it from Tongjiang "Jiulong Temple".

In the end, I recently had the opportunity to check the history of "Hakka" in Sichuan, and finally found the history of "blowing" in suona. According to Hakka history, the history of suona in China should be at least 1600 years. Then study the "blowing" history of Shuangliu, at least nearly 300 years. Xinhua Jiangxi Channel "Du Yu Suona" reported that "Chuichui" means suona, which originated among Hakkas and has a history of 1600 years. They "grab the road and walk back and forth with others, never stopping." After the "Yongjia Rebellion" in the Western Jin Dynasty, in order to avoid the war, the Han people in the Central Plains had to leave their former residence in the Central Plains thousands of miles away from Woye, and moved to the "Dressing South Exhibition" with their families, and finally camped in the mountainous area at the junction of Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi provinces. They call themselves "Hakkas" Hakkas not only brought the Central Plains civilization here, but also helped the local She people create a splendid Hakka culture. Among them, suona is a gorgeous camellia in the vast treasure house of Hakka culture. Their suona is accompanied by percussion instruments such as gongs, drums and cymbals, commonly known as "percussion music". There are four jingles praising the lock in the suona hand here: "Seven inches blows in the hand, five tones and six methods." It's sad that weddings and funerals don't take me to risk. "The suona in the hands of Hakka people has a high and melodious tone, which is very popular with the world. Later, it was introduced into the palace and became a unique folk musical instrument appreciated by emperors and queens.

Then, when did Hakka suona culture flow into Shuangliu, Sichuan? From the last years of Kangxi to Qianlong in Qing Dynasty. At that time, Sichuan was in war, and the land was vast and sparsely populated. Hakka people in Fujian and Guangdong admire Sichuan's "Land of Abundance" and make up their minds to move to Longquan and Luoyi in Sichuan, thus bringing suona culture into Chengdu Plain. According to the Lin family tree of Luodai Hakka displayed by Xiao Ping, director of the exhibition research department of Chengdu Museum, their ancestor Mao Haigong and others "agreed to come to Sichuan as soon as they heard that Sichuan Province was rich in products". "Fan's Genealogy" also contains: "I heard that the land of abundance in West Shu is also thousands of miles away, and God will enlighten me." From the last years of Kangxi to Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty, there were frequent wars in Sichuan, and thousands of miles of bare land was deserted, farming and all walks of life. The Qing court encouraged all provinces to immigrate to Sichuan. At that time, the Hakkas in eastern Guangdong and northern Guangdong were experiencing population expansion and frequent disasters, and needed new roads, so they moved to Sichuan. There is a record of suona blowing in the history of Hakka funeral custom in Luochi. Shuangliu Tongjiang folk artists found that the instruments played by Luo Zhi Hakka suona were very distinctive, so they sent people to study and held folk wedding etiquette services for their "sedan chairs". Shuangliu Jiang Guozhen loved national musical instruments and went to learn from teachers. Later, she opened a sedan chair in the "three old ladies' shop" in the cluster bridge and used suona to serve the folk wedding etiquette. Later, he became more and more famous and he was invited by many people. People affectionately call him "Jiang Chui Chui Zi".

Not to make a living, but to inherit the fine tradition of China folk music.

Double streams "blow" continuously. At first, I thought it was necessary to make a living. On the other hand, Jiang Hede disagreed with me. He said that you misunderstood the boaster. They brag not to make a living, but to inherit the fine tradition of China folk music and prevent such a good instrument as suona from disappearing among the people. There is a lot of knowledge in learning suona skills. Suona is generally divided into wooden pipes, copper pipes, aluminum pipes and tin pipes. Wood pipes are soft, copper pipes are bright, and tin pipes and aluminum pipes are widely used. Suona is also divided into big, medium and small "peppers". Big suona is rough and imposing, generally used for big scenes; The slender "pepper" (commonly known as "hanging pepper" in folk) is only used for ornament and accompaniment because of its sharp pitch and laborious performance. The most commonly used is the small and medium suona. The little suona is cheerful, subtle and elegant, just like an affectionate girl; China suona is sonorous, passionate and penetrating, just like the blood after birth. Characterized by the musical connotation of "light cavity" and "tea cavity", it pays attention to "clear drums and plates, combination of thickness and thickness, high and melodious, and harmonious music." Pay equal attention to playing together, playing against each other and playing. Its blowing energy can be long or short, sitting is feasible, light and flexible. There are many qupai in suona. There are hundreds or even thousands of traditional qupai. Generally can be divided into joy and sadness, joy is light, lively and happy; The sad tone is low and tearful. Don't look at a small suona, the performance is very particular, and different scenes have different tunes. It is difficult to learn and easy to use. You must have a talent for music to learn.

Jiang, a veteran of Shuangliu's "Blowing and Blowing", took pains to accept twenty or thirty apprentices, patiently taught them orally, and then the apprentices took them back, making Shuangliu's "Blowing and Blowing" career unsustainable. Most of Shuangliu's "Blow-Blow" culture is not high, but with their persistence in the cause of "Blow-Blow" and their talent and diligence in music, they constantly study hard and finally master it comprehensively. Two brothers, Wenjiang Jinjin and Ma Sanyi, Wang Du Fajin, masters of Shuangliu "Blowing", have no education and don't know a word. They encouraged each other, learned from each other's strong points and made progress together, resulting in their own achievements. Liu Shuyin can not only cope with all kinds of tunes, but also stand out from "blowing". He participated in Chengdu Art Festival earlier and won the suona performance award. Shuangliu Peng Zhen Ganzi Tree great wall village Fourth Society Liu Shuyin also has no culture. Under the oral guidance of Master Jiang's apprentice Wang Xianliang, he learned the basic skills, got up early and never complained. Many times, he blew all day and finally became an iron mouth. He can blow from one end of the ear bridge to the other without breathing, and he has mastered various playing skills and basic music cards. In Shuangliu, the famous "bagpipers" under Jiang's name are Cao, Cai, Yin, Zhang Yulin, Lu Niansheng, Deng Qingyun and Huang Ziyun. Now there are Zhao Daiqing, Guo and Jiang Hegen.

Shuangliu "Blow Blow" is very famous. In the early days of liberation, people from other counties and Chengdu came to Shuangliu to invite "cooking in the river". There are many traditional musical instruments in Sichuan Opera. Many troupes boldly reformed, introduced suona, and often asked Jiang to play music or guidance. On one occasion, the "Labor Sichuan Troupe" in Jintang County came to Shuangliu to perform. During the rehearsal, the head felt that his suona player was not skilled enough, and he was worried that he would be embarrassed to perform in Shuangliu. He learned that the famous Sichuan suona player "Jiang Chui Chui" was in Shuangliu, so he postponed the performance and asked Jiang Chui Chui to guide the score. As a result, their performance in Shuangliu was very successful and famous, and other counties invited them to repeat it. 1955 Beijing Ministry of Culture somehow learned that there was a "river blowing" in Shuangliu. In order to collect and sort out the history of folk suona instruments and the epigraph music played by suona, people were specially sent to Shuangliu in the south to find Jiang to "dig his stomach". Unfortunately, Jiang just died for more than ten days because of the "hair dryer", so everyone had to recommend Jiang's favorite pupil and his eldest son Zhang Hegen to follow him out of Beijing. Zhang Licheng and Zhang Hegen have been in Beijing for more than a year. By means of memory and disk, they have found out the performance of Shuangliu Suona and all the known suona titles, enriching and preserving the national suona titles. At the same time, it has also made great contributions to the glorious history and archives of Shuangliu.

Shuangliu "Blow Blow" Etiquette Undertaking Advancing in Difficulties

Shuangliu's "blowing around" career is uneven. They constantly enrich and improve the cause of "blowing and blowing" etiquette in difficulties. In the four clean-ups movement, Shuangliu "cooking" was once listed as the product of feudal superstition and was banned. At that time, the people were disobedient, and many people insisted that they play quietly. "Blow-blow" hooligans play a song in the middle of the night when people are not paying attention, and the owner records himself with a tape recorder. The families of Shuangliu Blowworkers are mostly poor, but they have their own rules and never work for social evil forces because they are poor. On one occasion, Liu Shuyin "blew down" an orange tree and hurried home, passing by the door of a bully's house. A man came out to stop him and offered him a high price to play and cheer for his brother's party. Liu Shuyin refused and tried every means to find an excuse to leave. Later, the evil family threatened to get back at Liu Shuyin, and he was not afraid. He said I wouldn't blow if I didn't blow. 1966, the turbulent Cultural Revolution broke out. The rebels thought that suona was a special musical instrument for the court, praising emperors, princes, talented people and beautiful women, so Shuangliu "blew" and became the object of breaking the capitalism. At that time, the "Jiangkuang" family living in West Street was the first to bear the brunt. One day, the rebels cut off Ximen Street, moved out all the instruments of "Jiangkuang" and smashed them. For a long time, Shuangliu "Blow" disappeared. During the period of 1978, with the country's reform and opening up, Shuangliu "blowing" was regarded as an allowed civil etiquette service project by the government. Under the leadership of Jiang Hede, Jiang's son, the students who are "blowing and blowing" have revived. In particular, with the approval of the relevant departments, Jiang Hede boldly opened the pavement and officially hung up the brand of "Jiang Ji Dai", so that Shuangliu "Blow Blow" began to serve the folk wedding etiquette in a justified manner.

With the development of the situation, the people have higher and higher requirements for the content of "blowing" etiquette service. In order to adapt to the situation and meet the needs of the masses, the "Blow Blow" etiquette team boldly reformed and added many new contents and services. The instrument is mainly suona, and various western instruments are introduced, and many popular programs are performed, which makes various folk etiquette activities more colorful. My mother was 84 years old when she died. Everyone in the village says it's a funeral. Let's go and have some fun. The blower has been blowing for five days. Especially, the "Jiang No.1 Team" heard that her mother was going to be buried from the mourning hall the next morning, and Jiang Hede's boss personally led the team to perform and see her off. They opened the curtain with a lock, and then performed many programs, among which "Crying Mother Bear" and "Meng Jiangnu Crying on the Great Wall" made people cry, made everyone cry together, and made the performance reach its climax twice. "Jiang Yi Team" also performed many other programs, such as zaju, face-changing, cross talk, sketch, solo and so on. This made my mother spend the last happy night in the world happily!