Can humans move to Mars?

1996, Carl Sagan, a famous American astronomer, said in "Reasons for Exploring Mars" to NASA that "in the long run, Mars is a planet for human migration". Scientists have reason to think so.

We all know from some reports about Mars that Mars is the neighbor of the earth in the solar system, only about 55 million kilometers away from the earth. Although Mars is close to the Earth, the environment on Mars is very different from the Earth. The environment on Mars is very bad, mainly reflected in these aspects.

First of all, the climate on Mars is very cold. The temperature on Mars is very cold, and the average temperature on Mars is only -55℃. The lowest temperature in winter can reach minus 133℃. Such a cold temperature can't be compared with even the coldest South Pole on earth. Due to the cold in the Antarctic continent, no permanent residents have lived there so far. Mars is only near the equator. In summer, the temperature can reach 27℃. This temperature is quite pleasant, but it is too short.

Second, the atmosphere of Mars is very thin, and there is no oxygen for human beings to breathe. The mass of Mars is much smaller than that of the Earth, only 1 1% of the mass of the Earth. So the core of Mars has cooled. Mars, without the protection of magnetic field, became very thin under the influence of solar storms. The thin atmosphere is also an important reason why Mars is cold. The atmospheric composition of Mars is mainly carbon dioxide and nitrogen, of which carbon dioxide accounts for more than 95%. There is also oxygen on Mars, but the oxygen content is very low, only 0. 15%, which cannot meet the needs of human breathing.

Third, there is no liquid water on Mars, and the surface is very dry. The atmosphere of Mars is very low, only about 1% of that of the earth. Therefore, at such a low air pressure, water cannot exist in liquid form. Water exists either in the form of billions of solid ice at the cold poles or underground of Mars, or in the form of water vapor in the atmosphere of Mars. There is no liquid water on the surface, so the surface of Mars is very dry, and red sandstorms often sweep the whole planet.

There are many factors that Mars is not conducive to human survival. But that doesn't mean that humans can't live on Mars. If human beings want to immigrate to Mars in the future, they must transform Mars to make it more like the Earth. This is suitable for human life on Mars.

Scientists now have many plans to transform Mars. Generally speaking, let Mars warm up first. To make Mars warm, scientists' method is to make a lot of greenhouse gases to supplement the Martian atmosphere. Through the greenhouse effect, the Martian atmosphere is gradually warming up. As the temperature on Mars rises, the solid carbon dioxide at both poles will evaporate, further enhancing the warming effect of the greenhouse effect until the water on Mars melts to form rivers. By planting plants, we can produce breathable oxygen and improve the soil of Mars.

In this way, after about 10 thousand years, Mars became the planet where human immigrants lived. This is just a vision of human beings to transform Mars now. With the progress of science and technology, it may be possible to make Mars suitable for human habitation in a shorter time.